专题05 中考介词.docx

1、专题05 中考介词&情态动词考点介词的分类：1. 表示时间的介词 （1）表示“在之时”的介词in, on, at in 表示某年、某季节、某月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。如： in summer 在夏天 in January 在一月 in 2012 在2012年 in the morning 在上午on 表示具体某一天及某一天的早、中、晚。如： on August 8th 在8月8日 on Monday 在星期一 on New Years Day 在元旦 on a cold morning 在一个寒冷的早晨 on Sunday afternoon 在周日下午at 表示某一时刻或比较短暂的时

2、间。如： at 5:10 在5点10分 at the beginning of 在的开端 at the end of 在的末尾 at the age of 在岁时 at night 在晚上 at noon 在正午 at the same time 与此同时 注意：在this, that, last, next, every 等词之前一律不能直接加介词。如：I went to Hangzhou last Sunday. 我在上周日去了杭州。 （2）in 接时间段，用于将来时。He will come back in a week.他会在一周以后回来。（3）表示一段时间的介词for, sincef

3、or 表示一段时间。可以指过去、现在或将来，着重说明“多久（how long）”。如： My uncle has lived in Washington for more than two years.我的叔叔在华盛顿住了两年多。since 意为“自起”。多与完成时态连用，其后跟表示时间点的词。如： Paul has worked in the capital since he was eighteen.保罗自18岁以来一直都在首都工作。2. 表示工具、手段、方法的介词（1）by表示“以的方法、手段或泛指用某种交通工具“。如：Why dont we go there by bus instea

4、d?我们为什么不坐公交车去那里呢？He makes a living by selling newspapers.他以卖报为生。He studies English by reading English books every day.他通过每天读英语书来学习英语。（2）with表示“用工具”。如：He wrote the letter with a pen.他用钢笔写那封信。How amazing! The boy can write with his two hands at the same time.多令人惊讶啊！这个男孩能同时用两只手写字。（3）in表示“以方式；用语言（语调、笔墨、

5、颜色）”。如：Say it in English.用英语说。He told me the news in a low voice.他低声告诉我那个消息。3. 表示地点、位置的介词（1）表示“在”的介词at, in, on, to at 接小地点表示“在附近；在里面” in 接大地点表示“在范围之内”。 on表示接壤。 to表示“在范围之外”，并不接壤。如：He arrived at school at eight oclock.他八点钟到达学校。He arrived in Wenzhou yesterday.他昨天到达温州。Zhejiang is in the east of China.浙江

6、在中国的东部。Russia is on the north of China.俄罗斯在中国的北面。Zhejiang is to the south of Shandong Province. 浙江在山东省的南面。（2）表示“在上方”的介词above, over, on; 表示“在下方”的介词below, under above 指“在上方”，不强调是否垂直，与below相对；below表示“在下方”，不一定在正下方。 over指垂直的上方，但与物体不直接接触，与under相对；under表示“在正下方”。 on表示在某物体上面并与之接触。 如：The bird is flying above

7、my head.这只鸟正在我的头上空飞翔。There is a bridge over the river.河面上有一座桥。There is a dog under the desk.在课桌下有一只狗。Please write your name below the line.请下这条线下方写下你的名字。There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本书。（3）表示“在前”的介词短语in front of, in the front ofin front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面（范围之外）”。in the front of 表示“在某一物体或空间范围的前部（范围之内

8、）”。如：The teachers desk is in front of the blackboard.讲台在黑板前。I was sitting in the front of the cinema but then someone sat in front of me.我坐在电影院的前排，但是后来又有人坐在了我的前面。4. 表示运动方向和位置的介词（1）表示“通过；穿过”的介词across, over, through across表示“横穿“，表示从一边到另一边，与on有关。 over表示“越过“，表示跨过一段距离。 through 表示“穿过”,表示通过一个空间，与in有关。如：He

9、swam across the river.他游过河。The Great Wall runs over many mountains.长城穿过崇山峻岭。I like exciting trips. Id love to travel through the jungle next summer, because its a good place to explore.我喜欢令人振奋的旅行。我想明年夏天去穿越丛林，因为那是个探险的好去处。（2）表示“在之间”的介词between, amongbetween指在两个人或两个事物之间；among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。如：Our schoo

10、l is between the hospital and the bookstore.我们学校在医院和书店之间。Mike is sitting among the students, so its not easy to find him.麦克坐在同学之间，所以要找到他真是不容易。（二）介词与其他词类的固定搭配 1. 形容词与介词的固定搭配有些形容词后面要求用固定的介词，这类介词常见的有about, at, for, from, in, of, to, with。（1）形容词+about be worried about担心如：Mother is worried about his heal

11、thy.母亲为他的健康担心。（2）形容词+at be surprised at 对感到惊奇 如：We were much surprised at the news that he was out of the 110m hurdles race.听到他推出110m跨栏比赛的消息，我们都很惊讶。（3）形容词+for be famous for 因出名 get/be ready for 为准备好 be sorry for后悔 be late for 迟到；没赶上 如：The farmers are getting ready for the next years farming.农民们正为明年的

12、农作做准备。（4）形容词+from be different from 与不同 如：City life is different from country life.城市生活与乡村生活不同。（5）形容词+inbe interested in 对感兴趣如：Many foreigners are interested in many Chinese traditional things like paper-cut.许多外国人对像剪纸之类的中国传统的东西很感兴趣。（6）形容词+ofbe tired of 厌倦be afraid of 害怕如：Im tired of the same breakfa

13、st every morning.我对每天吃同样的早餐感到厌烦。（7）形容词+withbe busy with 忙于如：His parents were both busy with their work.他的父母都忙于他们的工作。2. 名词与介词的固定搭配（1）名词+inhave difficulty in 有困难如：They have some difficulties in taking care of themselves because of the earthquake.由于地震，他们连照顾好自己也有困难。（2）名词+toanswer to的答案key to答案；关键如：Who k

14、nows the answer to the question?谁知道这个问题的答案？3. 副词与介词的搭配instead of代替away from离开next to紧挨着far from 远离4. 动词和介词的搭配laugh at嘲笑take part in 参加talk about 谈论hear from收到的来信pay for支付；付钱stop (sb.) from doing (sth.) 阻止（某人）做（某事）spend on花费help with在方面帮忙【例题精讲】1.The “teacherfree exam” means that students take their e

15、xams_teachersStudents must be more honest.Awithout Bagainst Cthrough D. with【答案】A2.They went climbing the morning of May I and came back the afternoonAon；on Bin；in Con；in Din；on【答案】C3. We must be strict _ ourselves. I think so.A. with B. on C. in D. by【答案】A4. Mr. Wu is standing _ the classroom. Ther

16、e is a teachers desk_ him.A. in front of; in front of B. in the front of; in the front ofC. in front of; in the front of D. in the front of; in front of【答案】D5. Dont stay inside _such a sunny morning. Lets go out to enjoy the gentle wind and the sweet flowers.A. on B. in C. from【答案】A6.Tim is going to

17、 give his father a surprise _ Fathers Day.A. inB. atC. onD. by【答案】C7. Nobody could solve this difficult problem alone_ others help.A. with B. for C. without D. from【答案】C8. We should be kind to the old and take care them in daily life. A. of B. for C. with D. about 【答案】A9. Our reading club shares ide

18、as with each other _ one hour every Tuesday.A. toB. onC. atD. for【答案】D10.-His mother. Shes been in hospital for a few days.A. for B. after C. at D. up【答案】B11. The 31st Olympic Games will take place _ August, 2016.A.in B. on C. At【答案】A12. Jim lives _ a small village and the air there is very fresh. A

19、. on B. in C. under D. from【答案】B13. - -As a nurse， her work goes_ taking care of her patients. -Yes， she always thinks of others. A. beyond B. beside C. behind D. between【答案】A14. Xiaogan is well known _ the culture of “Xiao”.A. inB. forC. at D. on【答案】B15.The local community center is open Monday to

20、Saturday. A. in B. from C. for D. on【答案】B16.A good student connects what he reads what he sees around him. A. for B. with C. in D. on【答案】B17.Shanghai Disneyland opened June 16th, 2016. We are thirsty to go. A. in B. on C. at D. of【答案】B18.Kobes children are proud him. A. in B. of C. off D. out【答案】B19

21、.I want to know what happened my friend. I havent heard her recently. A. on; of B. to; from C. to; of D. on; from【答案】B20.I have been in China 1997.A. since B. for C. in D. until【答案】A21.Dont stay inside such a sunny morning. Lets go out to enjoy the gentle wind and the sweet flowers. A. on B. in C. f

22、rom【答案】A情态动词常用情态动词有can(could), may(might), must, have to, need, shall(should), will(would)。1. 情态动词can 和could的主要用法（1）表示能力，意为“能，会”。 Can you swim? 你能游泳吗？ His granny is over eighty but still can read without glasses. 他的奶奶虽然八十多岁了， 但是仍旧不用戴眼镜能够阅读。注意：can和be able to表示“能力”时的区别： can只有现在式和过去式两种形式，而be able to除了现

23、在式和过去式，还有将来式和完成式等多种形式。 She will be able to help you tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午她将能帮助你。 This is the information that I have been able to get so far. 这是我到目前为止能得到的信息。（2）表示“许可，允许”。can 和could没有时态上的区别，could比can在语气上更客气；在回答could引导的一般疑问句时要用can。 Could/Can you tell me the way to the railway station? 你能告诉我去火车站的路吗？

24、 Could I use your pen? 我可以用你的钢笔吗？Yes, of course you can. 是，当然你可以。（3）表示“可能”，can多用于否定句和疑问句。 We know that a computer cant think for itself. 我们知道计算机不可能自己思考。 Can she still be alive after all these years? 这些年过后，她仍旧可能活着吗？（4）表示否定推测，意为“不可能”。 The shy boy cant be our monitor. （对现在情况的否定推测） 那个腼腆的男孩不可能是我们的班长。 The

25、 ground is dry. It cant have rained. （对过去情况的否定推测） 地面是干的，不可能下过雨。2. 情态动词may和might 的主要用法（1）表示许可，意为“可以”。might比may语气上更客气，更委婉。在回答may和might引导的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用may，否定回答要用mustnt。 May/Might I go now? 我可以现在去吗？Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt. 是，你可以。/ 不，你一定不要。 May/Might I have a talk with you? 我可以和你聊聊吗？（2）表示可能性，意为“可能”

26、，might的可能性比较小。 You may/might walk for miles here without meeting anyone. 你可能在这走数英里都见不到任何人。 He may/might be sick. 他可能是病了。（3）表示对可能的情况推测，might的可能性比较小。 That woman goes into the classroom. She may/might be our teacher. 那个妇女进了教室，她可能是我们的老师。（4）表示祝愿。（may+名词或代词+动词） May you succeed! 祝你成功！3. 情态动词must 的主要用法（1）mu

27、st表示“必须”，“应该”，否定式must not/mustnt表示“不准”，“禁止”。 在回答must引导的一般疑问句时，否定回答要用neednt或dont have to。 The work must be finished as soon as possible. 工作必须尽可能快得完成。 You mustnt swim here，because its dangerous. 你一定不要在这游泳，因为很危险。 Must I be home before ten oclock? 十点钟，我必须在家吗？No, you neednt/dont have to. 不，你不必一定在。（2）表示肯定

28、推测，意为“一定，肯定”。 You must be hungry after such a long walk. （对现在的肯定推测） 漫长的步行后，你一定是饿了。 I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep. （对过去的肯定推测） 我没有听到那个电话。我一定是睡着了。注意：must和have to的区别 must表示说话人的主观看法，而have to表示客观需要；must只有一种形式，可用于一般现在时和一般将来时，而have to有多种形式，可用于不同时态。 As a student, I must study very hard. 作为一

29、个学生，我必须努力学习。 I have to be at my office before eight every morning. 每天早上八点之前，我必须在我的办公室。4. 情态动词 need 的主要用法（1）need作情态动词一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件句。need无人称变化，后接动词原形，意思是“需要”。 在回答need引导的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt。 He neednt do that. 他不需要那样做。 Need you go now? 你需要现在去吗？Yes, I must. / No, I neednt. 是，我必须（现在去）。/ 不，我不需要。

30、（2）need可用作行为动词，用法与其他的行为动词一样。 We need to think it over. 我们需要仔细考虑。 Does he need to go now? 他需要现在去吗？ She didnt need to know it. 她不需要知道它。5. 情态动词 shall 的主要用法shall用作情态动词，在疑问句中，shall用来征询对方的意见或请求指示，多用于第一人称。 Shall we take a walk after dinner? 我们饭后去散步好吗？ Lets go home together, shall we? 让我们一起回家，好吗？6. 情态动词 sho

31、uld 的主要用法表示“应该”，说话人主观上认为的责任和义务，可用于所有人称。 You should keep your promise once you make it. 你一旦许诺，就应该兑现。 7. 情态动词 will 的主要用法 Will you please give him a message when you see him? 当你看见他时，给他稍个信好吗？8. 情态动词 would 的主要用法would是 will 的过去式，表示过去的“意志”，“愿望”，用于各个人称。用于陈述句和疑问句中还表示说话人的意愿或向对方提出请求，语气比will委婉。 She said that sh

32、e would do that whatever happened. 她说无论发生什么她都愿意做。 I promised you that I would do my best to help you. 我保证过我将尽力帮助你。 Would you like some apples? 你想吃苹果吗？ Yes, Id like to. 是的，我想吃。 I would like to go with you tonight. 今晚我想和你一起去。【例题精讲】1.May I watch TV, Dad?When your homework is finished, you_.A.shouldB.ca

33、n C.mustD.need 【答案】B【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。“May I.?”表示请求,肯定回答时用can。should应该;must 必须;need需要。2.Must I come before 6:30 tomorrow?No, you_. There will be plenty of time.A.mustntB.cant C.couldntD.neednt【答案】D【解析】此题考查情态动词。情态动词用must提问时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用neednt或dont/doesnt have to。所以此题选D。3.Look!Is the young lady weari

34、ng a blue dress Grace?No, it_be her. She is picking up my sister at the airport.A.cantB.mustntC.canD.must【答案】A【解析】本题考查情态动词。由“She is picking up my sister at the airport.”可知,那个女士不可能是Grace,故用cant。4.Wow.another gift! Whats in the box?Im not sure. It_be a pair of sports shoes.A.mustB.mayC.will【答案】B【解析】本题

35、考查情态动词的用法。must表示有根据、有把握的推测,意为“肯定,一定”;may表示不太肯定的推测,意为“可能,也许”;will表示推测时含有肯定的意思。根据题干中的not sure可知说话人不太肯定,故解析本题选B。5.Must you go?Yes, Im afraid I really_.A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.can【答案】C【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。must的肯定回答还应该用must,故解析本题选择C。6.Must I do the project on my own?No, you_.You can work with your classmates.A.n

36、eednt B.cant C.shouldnt D.mustnt【答案】A【解析】本题考查情态动词。neednt不必;cant不能;shouldnt不应该;mustnt一定不能。用情态动词must提问,否定回答时用neednt。7.Must I finish reading the book today, Mr. Brown?No, you_. You can finish it in two days.A.needntB.mustnt C.cantD.couldnt【答案】A【解析】本题考查情态动词。以情态动词must开头的一般疑问句,其否定回答应用neednt或者dont have to。

37、由此可知解析本题选择A。8.Are you going to the cinema tonight?I dont know. I_go or I_stay at home.A.will;willB.must;must C.should;shouldD.might;might【答案】D【解析】本题考查情态动词。will将要;must必须;should应该;might可能。根据关键信息I dont know.和or可知存在不确定性,故选D项。9._I hand in the report today?No, you neednt.A.CanB.MustC.ShallD.Could【答案】B【解析】

38、本题考查情态动词。根据答语“No, you neednt.”可知用must 提问,故选B。10.May I take the dog with me, sir?_. Pets are not allowed to enter the hall.A.Yes, you mayB.No, you mustnt C.Yes, you canD.No, you neednt【答案】B【解析】本题考查情态动词。may可以;mustnt禁止;can能;neednt不必。根据句意可知,宠物应是被禁止进入礼堂的,故选B项。11.I dont care what people think.Well, you_.

39、Youre not alone in this world.A.canB.mayC.shouldD.will【答案】C【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。can能,会;may可能;should应该;will愿意。根据句意可知应该选择C项。12.Have you got the results of the exam?No. All we_do now is to wait.A.mustB.canC.mayD.could【答案】B【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。must必须;can能,会;may可能,可以;could能(can的过去式)。根据【句意】可知B项符合题意, 故选B项。13.When yo

40、u are travelling, bring a map because it_help you.A.cantB.mustnt C.used toD.may【答案】D【解析】本题考查情态动词。A项意为“不能;不可能”,B项意为“禁止”,C项意为“过去常常”,D项意为“可能”。根据句意应选D项。14.Must I prepare for the trip today?No, you_prepare for it today. You can do it tomorrow.A.needB.dont need C.neednt【答案】C【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。 由句意可知A选项不正确。B选

41、项中need为实义动词,其后应加to。neednt意为“不必”,后加动词原形,故解析本题选择C。15.Must I prepare for the trip today?No, you_prepare for it today. You can do it tomorrow.A.need B.dont need C.neednt【答案】C【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。 由句意可知A选项不正确。B选项中need为实义动词,其后应加to。neednt意为“不必”,后加动词原形,故解析本题选择C。16.Can I go swimming, Mom?Certainly. But you_be bac

42、k by four.A.canB.mayC.mightD.must【答案】D【解析】本题考查情态动词。can可以,能够;may或许,可以;might或许;must必须。根据句意选D。17.Look at the young lady in red. Is it Mrs. Li?No.It_be her. She is wearing a white dress today.A.mustntB.needntC.cant【答案】C【解析】本题考查情态动词。mustnt不准;neednt不必;cant不可能。根据句意应选C。18.Where are you going this month? We_

43、go to Xiamen, but were not sure.A.needntB.mightC.mustD.mustnt【答案】B【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。neednt不必;might可能;must必须,也可表示肯定的推测,但语气十分肯定;mustnt表示禁止。根据答语中的but were not sure可知选B。19.You_take me to the station. My brothers taking me.A.cantB.mustnt C.shouldntD.dont have to【答案】D【解析】本题考查情态动词。cant 不能;mustnt 不准;shouldnt不

44、应该;dont have to没必要。根据句意可知答案为D项。20.Mum,_I visit the Movie Museum tomorrow?Im afraid you cant.It is closed on Monday.A.mustB.mayC.shouldD.need【答案】B【解析】本题考查情态动词。must必须;may可以;should应该;need需要。根据答语可知答案为B项。21.Nathan likes his job because he_enjoy the beauty of nature.A.canB.must C.shouldD.is supposed to【答案

45、】 A【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。can可以,能;must 必须;should 应该;be supposed to应该。根据句意和语境,选择A项。22.Ive got a toothache, Mom. Oh, you_eat too much candy.A.shouldntB.needntC.shouldD.need【答案】A【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。A:不应该;B:没必要;C:应该;D:需要。结合语境“牙疼”可知,此处应该表示“不应该吃太多糖”,故选A。23._I have a word with you, Mr. Green? It wont take long. Okay.

46、A.ShouldB.MayC.NeedD.Must【答案】B【解析】本题考查情态动词。should应该;may可以;need需要;must必须。根据句意选B。24.Yuan Longping, a famous Chinese scientist, is now doing research on sea rice.If farmers_start planting rice in salty water, Chinas food supply will surely rise.A.canB.cantC.mustD.mustnt【答案】A【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。can用于肯定句,意为“

47、能,可以”,表示能力;must用于肯定句,意为“一定”,表示非常肯定的推测。根据句意可知答案为A项。25.This book_be Lucys. Look! Her name is on it.A.canB.mayC.mustD.might【答案】C【解析】本题考查情态动词。can表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中。may表示不太肯定的推测,意为“可能,也许”,用于陈述句中。must表示有把握的推测,意为“一定”。might表示推测,意为“可能,其可能性比may小”。根据题意可知选C。26.Must I go out to have dinner with you, Mum?No, you_, my dear. Youre free to make your own decision.A.shouldntB.mustnt C.needntD.cant【答案】C【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。must的否定回答为neednt。shouldnt不应该;mustnt不允许;cant不能。