专题05 阅读理解之议论文10篇（第一期）-2023高考英语上海市名校模拟真题速递.docx

1、2023高考英语上海市名校模拟真题速递第一期专题05 阅读理解之议论文10篇（2023上海模拟预测）Everything we know suggests that the universe is unusual. It is flatter, smoother, larger and emptier than a “typical” universe predicted by the known laws of physics. If we reached into a hat filled with pieces of paper, each with the specifications

2、 of a possible universe written on it, it is unlikely that we would get a universe anything like ours in one pickor even a billion.The challenge that cosmologists face is to make sense of this specialness. One approach to this question is inflationthe hypothesis (假设) that the early universe went thr

3、ough a stage of fast expansion. At first, inflation seemed to do the trick. A simple version of the idea gave correct predictions for the spectrum of fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background.But a closer look shows that we have just moved the problem further back in time. To make inflation ha

4、ppen at all requires us to fine-tune the initial conditions of the universe. And unless inflation is highly tuned, it leads to a runaway process of universe creation. As a result, some cosmologists (宇宙学家) suggest that there is not one universe, but an infinite number, with a huge variety of properti

5、es: the multiverse. There are an infinite number of universes in the collection that are like our universe and an infinite number that are not. But the proportion of infinity to infinity is undefined, and can be made into anything the theorist wants. Thus the multiverse theory has difficulty making

6、any firm predictions and threatens to take us out of the area of science.These other universes are unobservable and because chance dictates the random distribution of properties across universes, suggesting the existence of a multiverse does not let us get to anything about our universe beyond what

7、we already know. As attractive as the idea may seem, it is basically a sleight of hand, which turns an explanatory failure into an apparent explanatory success. The success is empty because anything that might be observed about our universe could be explained as something that must, by chance, happe

8、n somewhere in the multiverse.We started out trying to explain why the universe is so special, and we end up being asked to believe that our universe is one of an infinite number of universes with random properties. This makes me suspect that there is a basic but unexamined assumption about the laws

9、 of nature that must be overturned.Cosmology has new questions to answer. Not just what are the laws, but why are these laws the laws? How were they chosen? We cant just hypothesise what the initial conditions were at the big bang, we need to explain those initial conditions. Thus we are in the posi

10、tion of a computer program asked to explain its inputs. It is clear that if we are to get anywhere, we need to invent new methods, and perhaps new kinds of laws, to gain a scientific description of the universe as a whole.1According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of our un

11、iverse?AThere are several hypotheses about its early stage.BThere are more than one billion universes similar to ours.CIt is expanding at a greater speed that it did at the stage of the big bang.DIt is different from the predictions made according to the laws of physics.2What does the writer imply a

12、bout the hypothesis of inflation?AIt hasnt been challenged.BIt doesnt make much sense.CIt is by far the most reasonable approach.DIt is the simple version of a complicated idea.3Which word in the passage is similar in meaning to the phrase “sleight of hand” (paragraph 4)?AprocessBpredictionCtrickDin

13、finity4It can be inferred from the passage that the writer_.Abelieves the idea of the multiverse will help us to understand our universe betterBargues there is a fixed proportion of universes like ours to those unlike oursCholds computer programs can work better than humans in cosmologyDthinks some

14、laws of nature that we take for granted may be false（2023上海上海市复兴高级中学校考模拟预测）Dating in the workplace is, if not a taboo, certainly a conundrum-not only for businesses, but also for the employees who find themselves falling for a co-worker. - 1 - Should it be allowed? Would it be authoritarian to ban i

15、t? Should employees inform their bosses of office relationships, or should they conceal them? Is requiring so-called “love contracts” to be signed by both parties before initiating a relationship even realistic?-2Most people spend 30 to 45 hours in the office each week-and with team-bonding activiti

16、es, work celebrations and Friday drinks, its normal for colleagues to build a bond with one another, especially if they find that they have more things in common than just their employer.From the companys point of view, however, couples at work are a serious risk factor which must be mitigated. With

17、out a proper dating policy in place, claims of sexual harassment and accusations of favoritism become a significant risk. Its not necessary to ban office romance (though you are certainly allowed to): but you do need to have clear rules in place, to ensure youre doing all you can to head off any pot

18、ential issues. Ask, for example, that all employees who embark on a relationship have a sit-down, be it casual or formal, with HR. - 3 -As for employees, there are two things to consider when you find yourself romantically interested in one of your colleagues: first of all, is it worth it?-4 - Regar

19、dless of how your employer feels, office romance can be quite complicated-not only because youll most likely be the target of gossip, but also because your work environment will be affected if the relationship does not work out. And secondly, what is your companys dating policy? If they have a zero-

20、tolerance policy, do not risk your job or assume you will be able to keep your relationship on the down low. In the vast majority of cases, its simply not possible.Attitudes towards office romance are certainly changing, with more companies reassessing zero-tolerance policies and opting for a more c

21、asual approach to how their employees connect with one another. That said, however, office romance is still a complex issue, and it should be treated with gravitas.5Who is this article aimed at?AcompaniesBemployees considering a relationship with a colleagueCemployees who are not in a relationship w

22、ith a colleagueDall of the above6Which of the following do employees need to decide before starting an office romance?Awhat their dating policy will beBwhether the advantages of it outweigh the disadvantagesCwhether to inform the companyDwhether to follow the companys dating rules7In paragraph 4, li

23、ne 5, what does the author mean by the phrase “keep your relationship on the down low”Ahiding your relationshipBmaking an example out of your relationshipCprotecting your relationshipDcreating rumors about relationships8In which of the positions 1, 2, 3 or 4 does the following sentence best belong?

24、“It is, of course, it is not surprising that relationships do form in the workplace.”A1B2C3D4（2022上海闵行统考一模）Building good transportation is a good idea. To have environmental value, new transportation has to sufficiently replace or eliminate driving to cut energy consumption overall. That means that

25、a new traffic system has to be supported by reduction in car use. Traffic lanes should be eliminated or converted into bike or bus lanes. Ideally, these should be combined with higher fuel taxes, and parking fees. Needless to say, I have to struggle to make myself extensively understood. But theyre

26、necessary, because you cant make people drive less, in the long run, by taking steps that make driving more pleasant, economical, and productive.Lengthy commuting (通勤) time is a forceful factor which can slow the growth of suburbs. The farther people live away from cities, the longer commuting time

27、they need, which means more pollution their cars produce. If, in a misguided effort to do something of environmental value, governments take steps that make long-distance car commuting faster or more convenientby adding lanes, building bypass, employing traffic-control measures that make it possible

28、 for existing roads to accommodate more cars with fewer delayswe are actually encouraging people to live still farther from their jobs, stores, and schools. As a result, governments are forced to further extend road networks, water lines, and other facilities. If you cut commuting time by 10 percent

29、, people who now drive fifty miles each way to work can find reason to move five miles farther out, because their travel time wont change.Traffic congestion (拥堵) isnt an environmental problem; traffic is. Relieving congestion without doing anything to reduce the total volume of cars can only make th

30、e real problem worse. Highway engineers have known for a long time that building new car lanes only temporarily reduces congestion, because the new lanes add additional driving. Widening roads makes traffic move faster in the short term, but the improved conditions eventually attract additional driv

31、ers, and congestion reappears. With more car on the roads, people think about widening roads again. Moving drivers out of cars and into other forms of transportation can have the same effect, if existing traffic lanes are kept in service: road space stimulates road use.One of the arguments that citi

32、es inevitably make in promoting transportation plans is that the new system, by relieving automobile congestion, will improve the lives of those who continue to drive. No one ever promotes a transportation system by arguing that it would make travelling less convenienteven though, from an environmen

33、tal perspective, inconvenient travel is a worthy goal.9In the first paragraph, the author gives us the hint that his recommendations are _.Anot widely supportedBcostly to carry outCgenerally recognizedDtemporarily beneficial10According to the passage, what will happen if commuting time for drivers i

34、s reduced?ADrivers will become more productive employees.BMass transportation will be extended farther into suburban areas.CDrivers will be more willing to live farther from their working place.DMass transportation will carry fewer passengers and receive less government funding.11Which of the follow

35、ing can be inferred about the authors attitude towards the measures to improve traffic?AThey are environmentally beneficial and should be carried out immediately.BThey are well intentioned but ultimately lead to environmental harm.CThey will definitely arouse peoples awareness of environmental prote

36、ction.DThey will only work if they can make driving more economical and productive.12The author wrote this massage mainly to _.Asupport the claim that efforts to reduce traffic actually increase traffic.Boppose the belief that improving mass transportation systems is good for the environment.Cprovid

37、e a balance between suburban expansion and traffic congestion.Dindicate that making driving less agreeable is a way to reduce negative effects of traffic.（2022秋上海高三上海市进才中学校考一模）How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares? It has become a grimly reliable a

38、nnual ritual: every January the cost of travelling by train rises, imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise. This years rise, an average of 2.7 percent, may be a little bit lower than last years, but it is still well abov

39、e the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation(通货膨胀). Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer. Why, the argument goes, should a

40、 car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have to subsidise(补贴)the daily commute(通勤)of a rail traveller from Surrey? Equally, there is a sense that the sufferings of commuters in the South East, have received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructure of t

41、he Midlands and the North. However, over the past 12 months, those commuters have also experienced some of the worst rail strikes in years. It is all very well train operators boasting about the improvements they are making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of ser

42、vice for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel. The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes rests on the unions. However, there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered. The Gove

43、rnment has promised to change the law to introduce a minimum service requirement so that, even when strikes occur, services can continue to operate. This should form part of a wider package of measures to address the long-running problems on Britains railways. Yes, more investment is needed, but pas

44、sengers will not be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must also endure cramped, unreliable services, along with regular chaos when timetables are changed, or planned maintenance is managed incompetently. The threat of nationalisation may have been seen off for now, but it will return with a r

45、evenge if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order.13The author holds that this years increase in rail passengers fares _.Acreates extra burden on taxpayers.Bhas kept pace with inflation.Cis beyond the expectation of commutersDremains an unreasonable practice.14According to

46、the passage, which of the following is right?ACompensations are to be given to the commuters affected by the strikes.BA minimum service requirement will be likely to settle the railway problems.CIn terms of service, there is a conflict between train operators claim and the reality.DTrain operators h

47、ave suffered huge losses owing to the strikes.15If unable to calm down passengers, the railways may have to face _.Athe loss of investment.Bthe collapse of operations.Ca reduction of revenue(收入)Da change of ownership.16Which of the following would be the best title for the text?AWho Are to Blame for

48、 the Ever-rising Fares?BRail Strikes Need to Be StoppedCEnhance Railway Service, Ease Passenger AngerDEver-rising Fares Are Unreasonable（2022秋上海高三复旦附中校考一模）My friend was heartbroken. Her 8-year-old son had come home from school reporting that they were weighed in gym class, and that it had led to a d

49、iscussion among the boys about their weights. It was the first time her son had realized that he was significantly heavier than most of his friends, and he came home that day with a brand-new message in his head: Being heavier wasnt a good thing. Her story gave me flashbacks to my own gym class weig

50、h-ins. I remember being called up one by one, how the scale was connected to a large digital readout big enough for everyone to seeand how, sadly, it felt like a competition among the girls to be the lightest. Though it varies from state to state, many schools have a program in place to measure heal

51、th and fitness in gym class. The assessment usually includes things like push-ups, flexibility tests, and a scale. Weight is then used with the childs height to calculate their body mass index (BMI). But is BMI a valid and important market of health or a harmful practice that should be retired?“BMI

52、measurement in school can provide some benefits, provided the measurements are done privately and sensitively, free of judgement,” says Dr. Muth. “When its not done with the utmost care, the downside outweighs any upside and its potentially harmful and stigmatizing.” Weighing students should not be

53、done within sight or hearing distance of other students. Still, its inevitable that some kids will compare numbers, and that can be potentially harmful. According to the National Eating Disorders Association, up to 60 percent of elementary school girls are worried about being too heavy. On the flip

54、side, boys may feel shame if theyre seen as too small or scrawny. Thats why its important to avoid any stigmatizing language. “We shouldnt assume that higher weight kids are less healthy. Thats weight stigma, which can increase the risk for eating disorders,” says Rebecca Scritch-field, R. D, author

55、 of Body Kindness. Besides, she adds, some kids naturally tend higher on the growth curve, and thats normal for them. Weighing students in school can be beneficial to help kids get on a healthier path, but it must be done properly. That means away from other students and without any weight stigma at

56、tached. Parents should also communicate with schools to know when and how weigh-ins are being done in order to decide whether or not their kid should participate.17What annoyed the authors friend was that _.AShe has gained much weight after a gym class.BHer son has gained much weight though with exe

57、rcises.CHer son refused to attend the gym class because of his weight.DHer son felt embarrassed when weighed publicly in gym class.18According to the passage, what can we know about BMI?ABMI is employed to measure childrens health, which are used in all schools.BIn order to calculate BMI, a childs w

58、eight and height are needed.CBMI is such an important factor that it should be made public among kids.DThe disadvantages of BMI measurement in school outweighs any advantages.19What does “scrawny” (paragraph 5) mean?AtallBdepressedCenergeticDskinny20What is the authors attitude towards weighing stud

59、ents in school?AIt should be totally banned.BParents should protest against it.CIt should be held cautiously.DIt should be posted in public.（2022秋上海高三上海市复兴高级中学校考一模）We are encountering real-world examples of how AI can harm human relations. As digital assistants such as Alexa or Siri become popular,

60、we are becoming accustomed to talking to them as though they were alive; writing in these pages last year, Judith Shulevitz described how some of us are starting to treat them as friends and therapists. Shulevitz herself says she confesses things to Google Assistant that she wouldnt tell her husband

61、. If we grow more comfortable talking to our devices about our secrets, what happens to our human marriages and friendships? Designers and programmers typically create devices whose responses make us feel betterbut may not help us be self-reflective or think over painful truths. As AI goes deeper in

62、to our lives, we must face the possibility that it will prevent our emotions and deep human connects.Besides, we will fight with some other challenges. The age of driverless cars, after all, is upon us. These vehicles promise to substantially reduce the exhaustion and distraction that put human driv

63、ers in danger, thus preventing accidents. But what other effects might they have on people? Driving is a very modern kind of social interaction, requiring high levels of cooperation. I worry that driverless cars, by taking away from us an occasion to exercise this ability, could contribute to its de

64、cline.Not only will these vehicles be programmed to take over driving duties and hence to remove from humans the power to make moral judgments (for example, about which pedestrian to hit when a crash is inevitable), they will also affect humans with whom theyve had no direct contact. For instance, d

65、rivers who have steered awhile alongside an autonomous vehicle traveling at a steady, invariant speed might drive less attentively, thus increasing their likelihood of accidents once theyve moved to a part of the highway occupied only by human drivers. Alternatively, experience may reveal that drivi

66、ng alongside autonomous vehicles travelling in perfect accordance with traffic laws actually improves human performance.Either way, we should be careful to launch new forms of AI without first taking such social spilloversor externalities, as theyre often calledinto account. We must apply the same e

67、ffort that we apply to the hardware and software that make self-driving cars possible to managing AIs potential effects on those outside the car. After all, we install brake lights on the back of your car not just, or even primarily, for your benefit, but for the sake of the people behind you.21What

68、 can be inferred about human relationships from the first paragraph?AWe will feel comfortable speaking to others online.BAI will lead to shallow inter-personal relationships.CAI will enable people to communicate more with others.DWe will be more self-reflective in interaction thanks to AI.22In parag

69、raph 2, the phrase “its decline” refers to the decline in _.Adrivers interaction with the carsBdrivers exhaustion and distractionCour ability to cooperate with others while drivingDour ability to deal with emergencies while driving23According to the passage, which of the following statements is true

70、 of driverless cars?AThey may be better at making more judgments than human drivers.BThey need to vary their speed to make contact with human drivers.CThey may make human drivers in other cars drive more safely.DThey need to force human drivers to concentrate in the car.24Which of the following is t

71、he writer most likely to agree with?ABrake lights on the back of our car are installed mainly to warn us of danger.BWe should figure out how new technology affects people before developing it.CIt is hard to say why social spillovers will work in terms of self-driving cars.DMore effort should be made

72、 to advance the hardware and software of driverless cars.（2022上海嘉定高三一模）Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient institution, which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always bad and usually foolish, but in the past human race managed to live with it.

73、Modern technology has changed this. Either man will abolish war, or war will abolish man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, ou

74、r work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in killing people, but by arbitr

75、ation (通过仲裁) in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology would prevent war. I believe this to be a big error. All ideologies are based upon dogmatic

76、 (武断的) statements that are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their followers believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of them.The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a commo

77、nplace that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the world, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiation

78、s should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between different countries, but between man and the atom bomb.25Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined wor

79、d “approached”?AAddressed.BReached.CDivided.DPraised.26A probable interpretation of the sentence in bold (黑体) in the 1st paragraph could be _.AMan, as well as war, will have to make the ultimate choice between them twoBModern technology has empowered man to choose war or notCPeople will eventually d

80、estroy themselves if they choose to go to war at modern timesDAt least 6, 000 years later, man has finally decided to abandon war once and for all27From paragraphs 1 and 2, which of the following conclusion could we arrive at?AThe author believes any ideology is either doubtful or false.BArbitration

81、 instead of contests can help change old mental habits.CNuclear weapons have posed the greatest threat to human race.DAdoption of one ideology or another does nothing to prevent wars.28The authors attitude towards “the world opinion of nuclear war” is _.ApessimisticBindifferentCoptimisticDneutral（20

82、22上海嘉定高三一模）Why are so many people so afraid of failure? Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure becomes an experience that will lead to growth. We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that every person has the right to fail.Most parents work hard at either

83、preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed. One way is to lower standards. A mother describes her childs hurriedly-made table as “Perfect!” even though it doesnt stand still. Another way is to shift blame. If John fails science, his teacher is unfair or

84、stupid.The trouble with failure-prevention methods is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world. The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything, no one can win all the time and that its possible to enjoy a game even when we dont win. A child whos not invited to a b

85、irthday party, who doesnt make the honor roll on the baseball team, feels terrible, of course. But parents should not offer a quick consolation(慰藉), prize or say, “It doesnt matter,” because it does. The young should be allowed to experience disappointmentand be helped to master it. Failure is never

86、 pleasant. It hurts grown-ups and children alike. But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it. Step one is to ask “Why did I fail?” Resist the natural impulse (冲动) to blame someone else. Ask yourself what you did wrong and how you can improve. If someone else can he

87、lp, dont be shy about asking. Success, which encourages repetition of old behavior, is not nearly as good a teacher as failure. You can learn from a disastrous party how to give a good one, from an ill-chosen first house what to look for in a second. Even a failure that seems total can stimulate fre

88、sh thinking, a change of direction.After 12 years of studying ballet, a friend of mine went for a professional company. She was turned down. “Would further training help” she asked. The ballet master shook his head. “You will never be a dancer”, he said, “You havent the body for it.”In such cases, t

89、he way to use failure is to take stock of (估量) the situation courageously, asking, “What have I left? What else can I do?” My friend put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy, a field where shes both able and useful. Failure frees one to take risks because theres less to lose. Often there

90、is recovery of energya way to find new possibilities.29According to the passage, how does a person usually cover his failure up?AHe refuses to acknowledge that failure will eventually lead to growth.BHed rather praise than state the fact despite any apparent deficiency.CHe tries all the possible mea

91、ns to hide the truth from being revealed.DHe will take every opportunity to pronounce his natural right to fail.30What could be meant by the underlined “make”?AproduceBbecomeCachieveDdraw31Whats the authors assessment of failure vs success?AComparatively speaking, success is a much better teacher.BF

92、ailure teaches humans as much as success, if not any less.CEveryone fails now and then, but they may not succeed at all.DSuccess arouses fresh thinking, thus leading to further success.32By the example of the ballet student, the author tells us _.AIt is natural for a failure to shift blame onto othe

93、rs.BFailure enables someone to rethink their potential.CSuccess paves the way to find new possibilities.DIn failure lies recovery where one has less to lose.（2022上海嘉定高三一模）The other night I had dinner with my friend Kim, who in midlife is trying to change her career. She has spent decades as a succes

94、sful photographer, but she knows its time to do something different. What, however, is she qualified to do, besides photography? “Im good at parties,” she told me with a shrug. “And parallel parking.” We refilled our wineglasses and laughed really hard as we dreamed up the various careers in which t

95、hat particular combination might be useful.Heres a humbling exercise: Ask yourself what youre good at, aside from the skills you use at work. After my conversation with Kim, I put this question to a handful of friends and got responses ranging from “finding restaurants for people” to “spotting terri

96、fic old chairs.” The more I think about my own answer to this question, the more confused I seem to get.A year ago this month I left a job, and a career, that brought me great satisfaction for more than two decades. Can serendipity(意外惊喜)be a strategy? It certainly worked for me. I happened to find a

97、 field in which my skills and the requirements of the job were a Venn diagram (韦恩图) with near total overlap. Like most of my friends, I spent my 20s and 30s marching determinedly along my given path, working hard, with purpose, and by the time I reached my 40s, I was able to enjoy the fruits of my l

98、abor. Isnt that the way the American Dream goes?Heres what you learn when you wake up from that dream: hubris (自负) is the unpleasant by-product of success. If you are really good at your job for a long enough time, you begin to believe that you can be good at any job and therefore can easily jump fr

99、om one thing to another, switching horses in midstream. Examples of this mistaken thinking are everywhere, from the harmlessly frivolous (Dancing With the Stars) to the dangerously serious (the current presidency). As it turns out, humility is its own kind of skill; developing it hurts, but falling

100、on your face hurts more.Over the years a number of 20-somethings have come to me for advice, which I have dutifully given: Work hard, meet lots of people, say yes to many things. Dont complain, put a smile on your face, and remind yourself that studying Foucault for four years in college might not p

101、rove to be particularly relevant in the working world. Swallow your pride and ask a lot of questions.What I should be telling the young and ambitious is this: being really good at one thing is fantastic until it isnt. The day may come, in my experience, will come, when you know you want to do, want

102、to be, something else. For example, 20-somethings, one day you might want to appear on Dancing With the Stars. Im not sure if Sean Spicer is a fool or a genius for turning down this opportunity for his first post-Administration performance. Maybe hes not aware that Apolo Ohno was placed first on the

103、 show.Or maybe youll want to run for President. Never mind that it was a PresidentAbraham Lincolnwho popularized the warning about switching horses in midstream. If you are a real estate tycoon and loud-mouthed TV star who made a name for yourself with a combination of instinct, bravado(虚张声势)and rid

104、ing the wave of chaos you create everywhere you go, then who cares what Abe Lincoln said? The White House is the logical next career step.Or, 20-somethings, maybe youll do both! At the same time! After all, doesnt todays White House sort of resemble Dancing With the Stars, if you squint(眯眼)hard and

105、use your imagination? With experts and amateurs working together, trying to make it all look graceful while the audience alternatively laughs and cries?So, folks, an assignment: Ask yourself what youre good at. As for me, aside from what I most recently did for a livingwriting, editing, managing peo

106、ple and showing up to meetings on timemy greatest strengths seem to be making vacation packing lists and remembering which houses in my town are on the market. So I have entered this next phase of my life with gratitude (for what Ive accomplished), humility (about all that I dont know) and fear (see

107、 random greatest strengths). I used to be filled with optimism: if Donald Trump could become President, anything seemed possible. But with each passing month, and each new failure, my optimism dims. If he wanted to try something new, wouldnt Dancing With the Stars have been a wiser choice?33Which of

108、 the following statements can be inferred from the passage?AOnly failure contributes to the development of ones humility.BDonald Trump is the very person for the US presidency.CCareer success encourages overestimate of oneself.DCollege education is a must for a successful career.34What is the writer

109、s attitude towards job hopping?ACheck whether ones skill meets the requirements of the potential new job.BSeize each and every random opportunity that comes along.CBe optimistic about the potential new job and anything is possible.DJob hopping is such a severe danger as to be avoided.35The writers i

110、mplicit comment on the White House could be _.AIt functions ideally as the political center of the United States.BIt is the logical next career step for a wealthy and famous person.CIt is as attractive and interesting as Dancing with the Stars.DIt is a stage where officials dont know how to run the

111、country.36What could be implied by the underlined “it isnt”?AWhat one is really good at disappears.BOne feels no more fantastic about the job.COnes ambition weakens as he or she ages.DOne tries to change to a new job.（2022秋上海高三上海市向明中学校考一模）During a judging period for a recent short story contest, I s

112、tarted thinking a lot about dialogue tags. Because in many submissions characters didnt “say” a thing. They shouted, they inquired, they assumed. Some characters screamed while others murmured. But no one “said” anything. And I started wondering why.Why do we tell beginner writers to avoid creative

113、dialogue tags in the first place? Why do we insist that characters should stick to “said,” “asked,” and the occasional “sighed?” And, if the advice is so oft-repeated, why are writers still unable to resist the siren call of weep, scream, snap, or laugh?The more I thought about it, the more I unders

114、tood the temptation. Were always encouraged to use strong, actionable verbs in our prose. Why walk when you can skip or wander? Why cry when you can sob on weep? Why wouldnt we reach for exciting verbs instead of mild-boring dull-blah said? Why couldnt each verb be a tiny sparkling gem in its own ri

115、ght?The problem, I think, is that every jewel needs a setting to become something more than the sum of its parts. Without something to provide structure, a collection of the worlds most glorious diamonds would still only amount to a heap of rocks.And a dialogue tag should never, ever be the diamond

116、in any given sentence.Dialogue is your diamond, friends. When we read your work, your dialogue should be so bright, so sparkling, so lifelike, so wonderfully realistic that our brains “hear” each line instead of merely reading it. We dont need to be told a character is shouting - we can sense it in

117、the way they spit out words, clench fists, or storm from the room.A dialogue tag is a mere signpost along the narrative journey, gently indicating who said what. Its part of a storys experience, but its not part of the story itself, nor should it be treated as such. Dialogue tags are similar to ligh

118、ting in a Broadway play: without it, the audience would have no idea what was going on, but it usually strives to shine without calling too much attention to itself.Whats more, readers may not initially imagine a particular line being “sobbed.” When we reach the end of a sentence and find out our le

119、ading lady has actually sobbed instead of whispered, it pulls us right out of the story. We pause. We reread the line. We adjust our understanding and begin again. But that wonderful momentum when were fully immersed in the scene, holding our breath to find out what our heroine says next, is lost.Cr

120、eating a successful work of fiction is about giving the reader all the materials they need to build your fictional world in their mind and not a scrap more. Readers need believable dialogue. They need voices so compelling that they pop right off the page and into our ears. And if youve created dynam

121、ic characters who speak words we can really hear you will never need to tell us how something was said.Senior Editor37According to the Senior Editor, the beginner writers are tempted to _.Areplace a dull “said” with exciting verbsBomit what the character said in a dialogueCresist the warning against

122、 strong emotionsDoveruse the word “said” in their submissions38The Senior Editor compares dialogue tags to _.Aglorious diamondsBheaps of rocksCtiny, sparkling gemsDBroadway play lighting39What can be inferred about the dialogue in a novel?AThe dialogue tag “say” can help keep readers immersed in the

123、 plot.BA dialogue tag indicates a characters way of speech is part of narration.CWriters should state in the dialogue whether the character sobbed or whispered.DReaders are advised to imagine the scene after rereading the line in a dialogue.40The writer most probably agrees that _.Adynamic character

124、s voices are quoted from peoples exact words in real lifeBcreative dialogue tags play a vital role in building a realistic fictional worldCthe more materials a work fiction contains, the more successful it isDwhat was said should be prioritised over how it was said参考答案：1D2B3C4D【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了一些我

125、们认为理所当然的自然法则一定是真实的吗？作者认为一些自然法则未必是真实的，一些未经检验的假设必须被推翻。1细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“It is flatter, smoother, larger and emptier than a “typical” universe predicted by the known laws of physics.”（它比已知的物理定律所预测的“典型”宇宙更平坦、更光滑、更大、更空洞。）可知，真实的宇宙比已知的物理定律所预测的“典型”宇宙更平坦、更光滑、更大、更空洞，由此可知，我们的宇宙与根据物理学定律所作的预测不同。故选D项。2推理判断题。根据第三段关键

126、句“To make inflation happen at all requires us to fine-tune the initial conditions of the universe. And unless inflation is highly tuned, it leads to a runaway process of universe creation.”（要使膨胀发生，需要我们对宇宙的初始条件进行微调。除非膨胀得到高度调整，否则它会导致宇宙创造失控。）可知，作者认为，要想宇宙膨胀的假设成立，就需要我们对宇宙的初始条件进行微调，但除非膨胀得到高度调整，否则它会导致宇宙创造失

127、控，在这种情况下，宇宙膨胀的假设并不成立，由此可知，作者认为膨胀假设是没什么意义的。故选B项。3词义猜测题。根据画线短语句中“which turns an explanatory failure into an apparent explanatory success”（这将解释性失败转化为明显的解释性成功）和下文“The success is empty because anything that might be observed about our universe could be explained as something that must, by chance, happen

128、somewhere in the multiverse.”（成功是空洞的，因为我们宇宙中可能观察到的任何东西都可以解释为在多元宇宙中偶然发生的事情。）可知，宇宙学家的这种想法将解释性失败转化为明显的解释性成功，但这种成功是空洞的，由此可知，这种想法基本上是一种巧妙的把戏，因为我们宇宙中可能观察到的任何东西都可以解释为在多元宇宙中偶然发生的事情，“trick”意为“把戏”，能够表达画线短语在句中所要表达的意思。故选C项。4推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“It is flatter, smoother, larger and emptier than a “typical” universe pre

129、dicted by the known laws of physics.”（它比已知的物理定律所预测的“典型”宇宙更平坦、更光滑、更大、更空洞。）和倒数第二段关键句“This makes me suspect that there is a basic but unexamined assumption about the laws of nature that must be overturned.”（这让我怀疑，关于自然法则，有一个基本但未经检验的假设必须被推翻。）可知，我们的宇宙比已知的物理定律所预测的“典型”宇宙更平坦、更光滑、更大、更空洞，作者认为一些自然法则未必是真实的，基本但未经

130、检验的假设必须被推翻，由此可知，作者认为一些我们认为理所当然的自然法则可能是错误的，需要被推翻。故选D项。5D6B7A8B【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者认为办公室恋情对于企业和员工个人造成一定的负面影响，呼吁企业和个人要慎重对待办公室恋情这个复杂的难题。5细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Dating in the workplace is, if not a taboo, certainly a conundrum not only for businesses, but also for the employees who find themselves falling for a co-wo

131、rker.”（在工作场所约会，如果不是禁忌的话，肯定也是一个难题不仅对企业而言，对那些发现自己爱上了同事的员工也是如此。）可知，办公室恋情这个问题不仅涉及企业也涉及企业的员工，所以这篇文章是针对企业和员工的。故选D项。6细节理解题。根据第三段“As for employees, there are two things to consider when you find yourself romantically interested in one of your colleagues: first of all, is it worth it?”（对于员工来说，当你发现自己对同事产生了浪漫的

132、兴趣时，有两件事需要考虑：首先，这值得吗？）及“And secondly, what is your companys dating policy? If they have a zero-tolerance policy, do not risk your job ”（第二，你们公司约会的政策是什么？如果他们有零容忍政策，不要拿你的工作冒险）可知，员工在开始办公室恋情前一定要权衡利弊，也就是要考虑这样做的结果是否利大于弊。故选B项。7词义猜测题。根据上文“And secondly, what is your companys dating policy? If they have a zer

133、o-tolerance policy, do not risk your job ”（第二，你们公司约会的政策是什么？如果他们有零容忍政策，不要拿你的工作冒险）推知，下文“or assume you will be able to keep your relationship on the down low”意为“或者也不要以为你可以影藏你们的关系”，由此可知，划线部分意为“隐藏关系”符合句意。故选A项。8推理判断题。根据第二段“Most people spend 30 to 45 hours in the office each week-and with team-bonding acti

134、vities, work celebrations and Friday drinks, its normal for colleagues to build a bond with one another, especially if they find that they have more things in common than just their employer.”（大多数人每周在办公室的时间有30-45个小时并且通过团队活动、工作庆祝和周五的酒会，同事之间建立联系很正常，尤其是当他们发现自己的共同点不仅仅是谈论他们的雇主的时候。）可知，这具体解释了办公室恋情容易发生的原因和题

135、目所给的句子“It is, of course, it is not surprising that relationships do form in the workplace.”(当然，在工作场合发生办公室恋情一点也不稀奇。)形成了因果关系。故选B项。9A10C11B12D【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者提出了为缓解交通对环境造成的破坏，需要减少汽车使用，把汽车出行变得不方便。这一观点并不为大众所接受。他通过指出减少通勤时间的好处和现行的一些缓解措施的不足分析支持自己的观点。9推理判断题。根据第一段第五句“Needless to say, I have to struggle to make

136、myself extensively understood.(更不用说，我必须努力让自己被广泛地理解)”可知，作者的想法目前并没有被广泛接受，即没有被大众广泛支持。故选A项。10推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“If you cut commuting time by 10 percent, people who now drive fifty miles each way to work can find reason to move five miles farther out, because their travel time wont change.(如果你将通勤时间减少10%，那么现

137、在每天单程开车50英里上班的人就有理由再往外走5英里，因为他们的行程时间不会改变)”可知，如果通勤时间减少，人们会愿意住得离上班的地方更远些。故选C项。11推理判断题。根据第三段第一二句“Traffic congestion (拥堵) isnt an environmental problem; traffic is. Relieving congestion without doing anything to reduce the total volume of cars can only make the real problem worse. Highway engineers have

138、 known for a long time that building new car lanes only temporarily reduces congestion, because the new lanes add additional driving.（交通拥堵不是环境问题；交通本身就是。不采取任何措施减少汽车总量来缓解拥堵只会使真正的问题变得更糟。公路工程师们早就知道，修建新的车道只是暂时减少拥堵，因为新车道增加了额外的驾驶。）”可知，作者认为现有的比如增加车道目的在不缓解拥堵，但实际上增加了驾驶，从长远看反而对环境有害。故可推测出作者认为这些措施是出自好心，但对环境有害。故选

139、B项。12主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第三句“That means that a new traffic system has to be supported by reduction in car use.(这意味着新的交通系统必须通过减少汽车使用来支持)”和最后一句“No one ever promotes a transportation system by arguing that it would make travelling less convenienteven though, from an environmental perspective, inconvenient tra

140、vel is a worthy goal.(从来没有人通过争论某个交通系统会使旅行变得不那么方便来推广这个交通系统，尽管从环境角度来看，不方便的旅行是一个值得追求的目标)”可知，在作者眼里，为了缓解环境压力，把开车出行变得不那么方便，不那么让人开心是一个好方法在，这也是他在本文中推崇的。故选D项。13D14C15D16D【导语】本文是议论文。文章围绕铁路乘客车费再次上涨的问题展开，说明了费用上涨的原因和产生的后果，针对花费上涨作者并不同意。13推理判断题。根据第一段It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual . imposing a signif

141、icant extra burden on those.由grimly(冷酷地，讨厌地)和a significant extra burden(一个巨大的额外负担)可知，作者对铁路乘客车费上涨的态度是负面的。再根据题干关键词this years increase定位到第一段“This years rise, an average of 2.7 per cent, may be a fraction lower than last years, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure o

142、f inflation.”(今年平均2.7%的上涨，也许比去年的上涨稍微低一些，但是它仍然远远高于官方消费者物价指数衡量的通货膨胀程度)推知，作者认为车费上涨是不合理的。故选D。14细节理解题。根据第三段“It is all very well train operators boasting about the improvements they are making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they ar

143、e now paying to travel”(火车运营商宣扬他们对铁路网作出的改进无可非议，但考虑到乘客如今为出行支付的大量费用，他们理应能够期待基本水平的服务)可见，在服务方面，列车经营者的主张与实际存在着矛盾。故选C。15细节理解题。根据最后一段“The threat of nationalisation may have been seen off for now, but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order”(国有化的威

144、胁也许暂时可以避免，但是，如果乘客的正当愤怒不能被立即解决，这种威胁会卷土重来)可见，如果铁路公司不能让乘客镇静下来，铁路公司将会面临国有化的威胁，即所有权的变更。故选D。16主旨大意题。文章首段提出铁路乘客车费再次上涨的问题，即文章讨论的主题；二段简单阐述历届政府允许车费上涨的理由；三至四段聚焦于乘客所付车费和享受到的服务不对等的问题。作者认为乘客应该受到补偿，英国铁路服务标准必须得到保障，并指出如果服务得不到保障，乘客将不会无止境地支付更多车费。D项中的Ever-Rising Fares(不断上涨的车费)是文章讨论的主题，Are unreasonable(是不合理的)是作者的观点。D项完整

145、地概括了全文内容。故选D。17D18B19D20C【导语】这是一篇议论文，作者在文中论述了孩子们是否应该在体育课上称重。作者认为在学校称孩子体重可能有助于帮助孩子走上更健康的道路，但要正确处理。做得不好，它可能会伤害儿童。17推理判断题。根据第一段“My friend was heartbroken. Her 8-year-old son had come home from school reporting that they were weighed in gym class, and that it had led to a discussion among the boys about

146、 their weights. It was the first time her son had realized that he was significantly heavier than most of his friends, and he came home that day with a brand-new message in his head: Being heavier wasnt a good thing.(我的朋友伤心欲绝。她8岁的儿子放学回家说，他们在体育课上称了体重，这引起了男孩们关于体重的讨论。这是她儿子第一次意识到自己比大多数朋友都重得多，那天他回到家，脑子里有

147、一个全新的信息：重一点不是一件好事。)”可推知孩子们在体育课上公开称了体重，朋友的孩子因为自己比别人重很多而感到尴尬，这让朋友很生气、难过。故选D。18细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Weight is then used with the childs height to calculate their body mass index (BMI).(然后根据体重和身高来计算他们的身体质量指数(BMI)”可知计算BMI需要身高和体重。故选B。19词义猜测题。根据第五段的第二、三句“According to the National Eating Disorders Association, up

148、 to 60 percent of elementary school girls are worried about being too heavy. On the flip side, boys may feel shame if theyre seen as too small or scrawny. (根据美国National Eating Disorders Association的数据，高达60%的小学女生担心自己太胖。另一方面，如果男孩被认为太小或scrawny，他们可能会感到羞耻。)”中的“On the flip side(另一方面)”以及“too small or scraw

149、ny”可知scrawny与too heavy意思相反，与small意义相近，所以D选项“skinny(极瘦的，皮包骨的) ”符合词义。故选D。20推理判断题。根据最后一段“Weighing students in school can be beneficial to help kids get on a healthier path, but it must be done properly. That means away from other students and without any weight stigma attached. Parents should also comm

150、unicate with schools to know when and how weigh-ins are being done in order to decide whether or not their kid should participate.(在学校给学生称重可以帮助孩子们走上更健康的道路，但必须正确地进行。这意味着远离其他学生，没有任何体重耻辱。家长还应该与学校沟通，了解何时以及如何进行称重，以便决定他们的孩子是否应该参加称重。)”可知作者认为在学校给学生称重可以帮助孩子们走上更健康的道路，但必须正确地进行，谨慎对待，以免对学生造成伤害。故选C。21B22C23C24D【导

151、语】这是一篇议论文。作者通过日常生活中Alexa和Siri的例子，提出自己的论点人工智能会组织人们之间更深层次的交流。接着开始提出自己对于无人驾驶汽车的看法和担忧，并提出需要进一步提升无人驾驶汽车的软件和硬件，让它们更好、更安全地服务于人们。21推理判断题。根据文章第一段“As AI goes deeper into our lives, we must face the possibility that it will prevent our emotions and deep human connects. (随着人工智能深入我们的生活，我们必须面对这样一种可能性，即它将阻止我们的情感和深

152、层次的人际联系。)”可知，作者认为人工智能会阻止我们和身边的人进行更深层次的联系。也就是说，人工智能会导致人与人之间的联系变得越来越肤浅、浅显。故选B项。22词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“I worry that driverless cars, by taking away from us an occasion to exercise this ability, could contribute to its decline.(我担心，无人驾驶汽车夺走了我们锻炼这种能力的机会，可能会导致这种它的衰落。)”可知，“its decline”指的是前文“this ability”的衰弱和下降。再根

153、据前文“But what other effects might they have on people? Driving is a very modern kind of social interaction, requiring high levels of cooperation.(但它们还会对人类产生什么影响呢?开车是一种非常现代的社会互动，需要高度的合作。)”可知，“this ability”指的是“high levels of cooperation”，即开车时的合作能力。故选C项。23细节理解题。根据文章第三段“For instance, drivers who have ste

154、ered awhile alongside an autonomous vehicle traveling at a steady, invariant speed might drive less attentively, thus increasing their likelihood of accidents once theyve moved to a part of the highway occupied only by human drivers. Alternatively, experience may reveal that driving alongside autono

155、mous vehicles travelling in perfect accordance with traffic laws actually improves human performance.( 例如，在一辆以稳定不变速度行驶的自动驾驶汽车旁边驾驶了一段时间的司机可能会不太注意驾驶，因此，一旦他们行驶到只有人类司机占据的高速公路路段，发生事故的可能性就会增加。经验表明，与完全遵守交通法规行驶的自动驾驶汽车并排行驶实际上会提高人的表现。)”可知，无人驾驶汽车能降低其他车辆中的司机出现交通事故的概率，也就是说它们能使人类驾驶员在其他车辆中更安全。故选C项。24推理判断题。根据文章最后一段

156、“We must apply the same effort that we apply to the hardware and software that make self-driving cars possible to managing AIs potential effects on those outside the car. After all, we install brake lights on the back of your car not just, or even primarily, for your benefit, but for the sake of the

157、 people behind you.(我们必须付出使自动驾驶汽车成为可能的硬件和软件所付出的同样努力，来管理人工智能对车外人员的潜在影响。毕竟，我们在你的车后面安装刹车灯不仅仅是，甚至主要是为了你的利益，而是为了你后面的人。)”可知，作者认为对于自动驾驶汽车，我们应该努力提高它的硬件和软件，让它更加安全。故选D项。25A26C27D28C【导语】本文是一篇议论文。在当前的国际形势之下，作者阐述人类应该以一种新的方式看待国际问题，而不是把它看作武力的较量。这种方式就是通过根据公认的法律原则进行仲裁。25词句猜测题。根据划线词中的句子“Of course very difficult probl

158、ems remain in the world, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago.”可知，划线词是定语从句中的谓语动词，句子的主语they指代前文的difficult problems，此处表示虽然仍然存在着非常困难的问题，但是人们以一种坚定的意志去处理这些问题。由此推知，划线词的意思意为“处理，解决”，与address为同义词。故选A。26词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Either man will abolish war, or war wi

159、ll abolish man.(不是人类消灭战争，就是战争消灭人类)”可知，此处强调的人类选择战争所带来的消极后果即在现代，如果人们选择参战，最终会毁灭自己。故选C。27推理判断题。根据第二段中“There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology would prevent war. I believe this to be a big error. All ideologies are based upon dogmatic (武断的) statements that are, at best, doubtfu

160、l, and at worst, totally false.(有人说，采用这种或那种意识形态可以防止战争。我认为这是一个很大的错误。所有的意识形态都是基于教条的陈述，这些陈述往好了说是可疑的，往坏了说是完全错误的) ”可知，在作者看来，采用意识形态或另外一种意识形态对于防止战争来说是没有任何用处的。故选D。28推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a commonplace

161、 that nuclear war must be avoided. (在过去几年里，世界舆论的动向在很大程度上是我们可以欣然接纳的。必须避免核战争已成为共识)”以及“It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between different countries, but between man and the atom bomb.(人们开始认识到，当今重要的冲突不是国家之间的冲突，而是人与原子弹之间的冲突)”可知，作者对于全人类对“核战争的世界舆论”的态度是接受的，即持有积极的态度。故

162、选C。29B30C31C32B【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要讨论了每个人都会时不时地失败，以及我们应该如何正确地面对失败。29推理判断题。根据第二段“Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed. One way is to lower standards. A mother describes her childs hurriedly-made table as “Perfect!” even th

163、ough it doesnt stand still. Another way is to shift blame. If John fails science, his teacher is unfair or stupid.”（大多数父母要么努力防止失败，要么保护孩子不让他们知道自己失败了。一种方法是降低标准。一位母亲形容她的孩子匆忙做的桌子“完美！尽管它并不是站着稳着的。另一种方法是推卸责任。如果约翰理科不及格，他的老师就是不公平或愚蠢的。）故可推知，根据文章，一个人尽管有明显的缺陷，他宁愿赞扬而不愿陈述事实来掩盖他的失败。故选B项。30词义猜测题。根据第三段中“A child whos

164、 not invited to a birthday party, who doesntfeels terrible, of course.”（一个没有被邀请参加生日聚会的孩子，一个没有，当然会感觉很糟糕。）故可猜测，此处make为“达到，成功进入”的意思，结合选项C项achieve“达到，实现”意思一致。故选C项。31推理判断题。根据第三段中“The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything, no one can win all the time and that its possible to enjoy a ga

165、me even when we dont win.”（没有人可以在所有事情上都是最好的，没有人可以一直赢，即使我们没有赢，也可以享受比赛。）故可推知，作者对失败和成功的评价是每个人都会时不时地失败，但他们可能根本不会成功。故选C项。32细节理解题。根据最后一段“In such cases, the way to use failure is to take stock of the situation courageously, asking, “What have I left? What else can I do?” My friend put away her toe shoes an

166、d moved into dance therapy, a field where shes both able and useful. Failure frees one to take risks because theres less to lose. Often there is recovery of energya way to find new possibilities.”（在这种情况下，利用失败的方法是勇敢地评估情况，问自己：“我还剩下什么？”我还能做什么？”我的朋友收起了她的脚趾鞋，开始从事舞蹈治疗，这是一个她既能干又有用的领域。失败让人敢于冒险，因为可以失去的东西更少。通

167、常会有能量的恢复一种寻找新可能性的方法。）可知，通过芭蕾舞学生的例子，作者告诉我们失败能让人重新思考自己的潜力。故选B项。33C34A35D36B【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者就除了在工作中使用的技能外，我们擅长的东西提出了自己的看法和见解。强调要努力地工作，结识很多人，对很多事情说“是”。不要抱怨，要在脸上露出微笑，提醒自己。以感激，谦卑和畏惧的心态来进入人生的下一个阶段。33推理判断题。由文章第四段“If you are really good at your job for a long enough time, you begin to believe that you can be g

168、ood at any job and therefore can easily jump from one thing to another, switching horses in midstream. (如果你真的很擅长你的工作足够长一段时间，你就会开始相信你可以胜任任何工作，因此你可以很容易地从一件事跳到另一件事，中途换马。)”可知，职业的成功会让人们高估自己。故选C项。34推理判断题。由文章第三段“I happened to find a field in which my skills and the requirements of the job were a Venn diagr

169、am (韦恩图) with near total overlap. Like most of my friends, I spent my 20s and 30s marching determinedly along my given path, working hard, with purpose, and by the time I reached my 40s, I was able to enjoy the fruits of my labor. (我碰巧发现一个领域，我的技能和工作要求是一个几乎完全重叠的维恩图。和我的大多数朋友一样，我在20多岁和30多岁的时候，坚定地沿着既定的道

170、路前进，努力工作，有目标，到了40多岁，我已经能够享受我的劳动成果了。)”可知，作者认为，跳槽时需要考虑自己的技能是否符合潜在的工作。故选A项。35推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“At the same time! After all, doesnt todays White House sort of resemble Dancing With the Stars, if you squint(眯眼)hard and use your imagination? With experts and amateurs working together, trying to make it all l

171、ook graceful while the audience alternatively laughs and cries?(同时毕竟，如果你眯起眼睛使出想象力，今天的白宫不就有点像与星星共舞吗？有专家和业余爱好者一起工作，试图让一切看起来优雅，而观众却在笑和哭？)”可知，作者以与星星共舞为例，说明专家预期的舞台效果和实际观众感受的不一样，暗示白宫也一样，不知道如何正常的运转。故选D项。36推理判断题。由文章倒数第四段“What I should be telling the young and ambitious is this: being really good at one thin

172、g is fantastic until it isnt. The day may come, in my experience, will come, when you know you want to do, want to be, something else.(我应该告诉年轻人和有抱负的人：在一件事上做得真的很好，直到 。根据我的经验，当你知道你想做什么、想成为什么、做什么的时候，总有一天会到来。)”可知，文章后面讲了总有一天你会发现你想做什么，但在这之前你应该坚持做好一件事，直到你不再对这件事情感兴趣。故选B项。37A38D39A40D【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者认为在文学作品中对话

173、方式并不应做过多的描述，而是应该注重对话的内容描写。37细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Were always encouraged to use strong, actionable verbs in our prose.”(我们总是被鼓励在散文中使用有力的、可操作的动词。)和倒第二句“Why wouldnt we reach for exciting verbs instead of mild-boring dull-blah said?”(为什么我们不能用激动人心的动词代替温和乏味的“说”呢？)可知，初学写作的人很容易用激动人心的动词来代替枯燥的“说”。故选A。38细节理解题。根据第七段最

174、后一句中的“Dialogue tags are similar to lighting in a Broadway play”(对话标签类似于百老汇戏剧中的灯光)可知，这位高级编辑将对话标签与百老汇戏剧灯光进行比较。故选D。39推理判断题。根据第七段前两句“A dialogue tag is a mere signpost along the narrative journey, gently indicating who said what. Its part of a storys experience, but its not part of the story itself, nor

175、should it be treated as such.”(对话标签仅仅是叙述过程中的路标，轻轻地表明谁说了什么。这是故事经历的一部分，但它不是故事本身的一部分。)和第九段前两句“Creating a successful work of fiction is about giving the reader all the materials they need to build your fictional world in their mind and not a scrap more. Readers need believable dialogue.”(创作一部成功的小说，就是给读者

176、提供他们在脑海中构建虚构世界所需的所有材料，而不是一堆废品。读者需要可信的对话。)可知，对话标签“说”可以帮助读者沉浸在故事情节中。故选A。40推理判断题。根据第五段“And a dialogue tag should never, ever be the diamond in any given sentence.”(对话标签永远不应该是任何句子中的钻石。)和第六段“Dialogue is your diamond, friends. When we read your work, your dialogue should be so bright, so sparkling, so lif

177、elike, so wonderfully realistic that our brains “hear” each line instead of merely reading it. We dont need to be told a character is shouting - we can sense it in the way they spit out words, clench fists, or storm from the room.”(朋友们，对话是你的钻石。当我们阅读你的作品时，你的对话应该是如此明亮，如此闪亮，如此逼真，如此真实，以至于我们的大脑“听到”每一行，而不仅仅是阅读它。我们不需要被告知一个角色在大喊大叫我们可以从他们吐出话语的方式、握紧的拳头或来自房间的风暴中感受到。)可知，作者最有可能认同“说话的内容应该优先于说话的方式”的观点。故选D。