专题06 选句填空六选四解题技巧之一-2021年高考英语题型大冲关（上海专用）.docx

1、阅读六选四解题技巧分析（1） 知识导图要点精析一、 题型介绍： 2017年上海高考阅读题型除了增加一篇summary writing之外，还增加一个语篇，挖出4个句子， 进行6选4。此题型在篇章后附有6个句子，每句出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句相匹配的段落。这一阅读新题型固然有着不同于传统阅读解题方法的种种方面，但同时也具备一些可以为考生所利用的新特点。二、 题型特点：1. 题干中的细节往往反映文章的主旨或段落主题，考生可据此了解原文内容。通过快速阅读题干中的若干条细节信息，考生可以迅速了解文章的主旨大意，从而能够在回头阅读原文时加快阅读速度，节省定位时间。2. 题干提供的细节信息中往

2、往暗含一些文章所必需的逻辑关系，考生可以利用这种关系预先对一些表述进行排序。长篇阅读的文章一般为说明文或议论文，而这类文章最显著的特点就是具有严密的逻辑性。所以，在介绍一个新事物时，文章通常会采用循序渐进、前因后果的方法来叙述，而根据这种逻辑进行解题之前的预先排序对于解答此类题型有着非常重要的意义。3. 题干提供的信息表述中通常会出现一些具有特殊意义的指示性词语，这类词语虽然不是通常意义上的定位关键词，但其特殊含义可将考生的注意力指向原文的开头、结尾或是某个具: 特殊特征的段落。这些词通常包括如下三类：能够指示开头段的词，如：overview，introduction, initiation,

3、 main idea, definition 等；能够指示结尾段的词，如 future，solution, conclusion, suggestion, summary等；能够帮助考生回原文定位的特殊词，如rate，ratio, proportion, percentage, number, figure, statistics等。考生能够通过这些指示性词语缩小回原文定位的范围，从而快速判定其所在细节信息对应的原文段落。三、 解题步骤：1. 看标题、副标题预测文章大意2. 看选项，找出和文章相对应的关键词3. 通读全文，查看主题句，分析结构4. 看空前空后内容，分析之间的逻辑性5. 灵活掌握

4、答题顺序(先易后难)6. 代入答案，重点核查逻辑关系。四、 题型分解段首题1空格为主旨句在某段第一句设空的内容通常是该段落主旨句，学生需要通过认真研读该段的内容，然后从选项中查找下文的同义词或其他相关词或句的方法，从而确定答案；有时则需反复读设空处后面一两句或更多内容，确定关键信息词，然后在各个选项中查找关联词和信息句。一般正确答案选项与所设空后的第一句在意义上是紧密衔接的，因此正确选项和原文的内容是连贯且符合逻辑的。典例_37_ In order to make a change，you need to decide why its important. Do you want to get

5、 up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day？Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.B. Find the right motivation.分析：本题空格在段首，需要填一个主旨句或一个承上启下句。由本段中的“为了作出改变，你需要决定为什么它很重要”及“一旦

6、你清楚了自己的理由”等描述可知，你要想清楚为什么要早起，故选B项“找到合适的动机”。本设空类型属于段落主题句类。典例_ If the key to success is to increase our failure, then it makes sense to celebrate our setbacks. Yes, you heard right: if someone turns you down, celebrate it! Instead of mentally punishing yourself for not succeeding, buy yourself ice crea

7、m and say, “Im one step closer to success!” Stop letting failure have a negative impact on your thoughts and emotions. A. See courage as a “muscle”.B. Celebrate your failures.C. Everyone sets success goals.D. With this thought in mind, youre succeeding even when you fail.E. All the courage you need

8、to achieve success is already in you, just waiting for you to take action.F. They see themselves in the middle, and do everything they can to move toward success and away from failure. 【分析】B 本段主要讲对待失败的态度，由此可知应选B为本段标题。2空格为承上启下句在某段第一句设空的内容也有可能为承上启下的句子，这就需要学生做到瞻前顾后，既熟悉上一段结尾的内容，又结合下一段的内容，分析所选的答案是否能够将两段内

9、容连贯起来。典例 No matter where you are on the riskseeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 74 (E.This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.)To help you do that，your brain increases your hunger for new experi

10、ences.New experiences often mean taking some risks，so your brain a rinses your tolerance for risk as well._75_For the riskseekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us，a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.GNew brain research suggests our brai

11、ns work differently when we face a nervous situation.分析：本题空格在段首，需要填一个主旨句或一个承上启下句。上文主要讲述了科学家的观点对冒险活动的热爱在青少年时期有所增长。大脑增加了对新经历的渴望，而新的经历也意味着许多冒险。75题承接上文，引入下文的讲述，即“新的大脑研究表明当我们面对紧张的情况时，我们的大脑的工作方式是不同的。”接着阐述是如何的不同。故选G项。段尾题1空格为总结、概括句做题时一要注意空格前的一句或两句；二是注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结的信号词，如to conclude，in a word，thus，hence，i

12、n short，to sum up，therefore，as a result等词语；三是要注意与前文的逻辑关系，找到关键的线索词句，如表示转折、对比、并列或排比的关系。如果第一段的段尾是空格，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。 【典例】Rumination: This is when you are too worried about how bad the situation is, focusing only on your fears. Psychologists say th

13、e best way to fight this type of thinking is to find something positive about the experience, no matter how small, and refocus your thinking on that thing. It could be the nice view out your window or the movie being shown. _ A. The best way to fight it is to close your eyes and relax, trying to enj

14、oy a good sleep.B. In this case, it might involve severely criticizing oneself for being afraid of flying.C. The best way to fight this type of fear is acknowledge your fear and challenge it.D. Whatever it is, moving your thoughts outside the situation can help calm your anxiety.E. This is when you

15、cant stop thinking about what may happen if you leave anything valuable behind.F. This is when a person allows himself to feel hopelessly out of control of the environment around him.【分析】D . 本句是对本段的总结。通读本段可知，本段介绍了害怕飞行的原因之一，即过度专注于自己的害怕情绪，并提出了最好的解决方案是想想飞行中积极正面的东西来转移对害怕情绪的过度关注，与选项D的内容相符。2空格为承上启下句还有可能这一

16、空是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否能与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。【典例】Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation includ

17、es knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources._. 【分析】G这个选项是一个段落的结尾句，这种选项通常起着总结上文，提示下文的功能。根据文章第二段、第三段、第四段的首句可以看出作者提供了一些建议，因此本空引出了下文的多个建议，故选择G项。段中题段中设空即主题句或展开句。尤其注

18、意分析空前后的逻辑关系和行文逻辑及内容的连贯性，注意句间的衔接手段。其特点主要以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充前文具体的事实、事例和说明。因此第一步需要依据信息词将选项进行排除之后，把剩下的几个可能正确的选项依次代入设空处，最终判断和确定一个选项和空白处前后内容能达到语意连贯，逻辑关系清晰，于是得出了正确答案。下面列举常考的依据逻辑关系设置的考题。1.从行文逻辑上判断例证关系前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。【典例】The Bottom Line. _70_ Consumer R

19、eports recommends that adults eat no more than 1 to 2 cups of cooked (brown or white) rice a week. And here is a way to lessen risk: Rinse your rice, cook it in six parts water to one part rice until it reaches eating texture, and then pour off the extra water. This can remove about half the arsenic

20、.D. Until more studies are done, curb your consumption of arsenic.F. Brown rice tends to have more arsenic because the metal concentrates in the outer layers, which are burnished off in white rice.【分析】D。总起句为The Bottom Line.底线，而后文又提及到一系列具体做法，所以判断为D，直到更多相关研究出来之前，控制你自身对于砷的消耗。2.从行文逻辑上判断转折关系转折关系主要指英语行文中后

21、句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间有however(然而)，nevertheless(然而，不过)，still(还，仍然)，though(可是，不过，然而)，yet(然而)，on the contrary(正相反)，in contrast(与此相反，相比之下)，in comparison(比较起来，与比较)，by comparison(相比之下)等连接词，则表明前后两句话是逻辑上的逆转，空格处很有可能表示转折。【典例】People tend to think in an either-or way. If youre stuck in traffic, then everythi

22、ng else must be going horribly too, says Anne Parker, a wellness counselor. . Instead, acknowledge that youre stuck in traffic, but also bring to mind something good, like the beautiful scenery outside the window. That way, youll get in the habit of forbidding negative circumstances from blanketing

23、your whole day.C. Act in an optimistic way: smile, laugh, tell a joke.D. By blowing negative events out of proportion, you re setting yourself up for feeling down all day.F. Being grateful and happy arent always easy.【分析】D。根据后句Instead, acknowledge that youre stuck in traffic, but also bring to mind

24、something good, like the beautiful scenery outside the window.可知该空要填的句子应与instead内容相反，所以选D.3.从行文逻辑上判断因果关系做题时最重要的是要在读懂空格前后的句子的基础上，依据彼此的关系来确认答案。有时，前后的句子之间出现as a result(结果)，thus/therefore(因此)，so(such).that(如此以至于)等标志性词语，表明前后句有着原因和结果之间的关系，说明前因后果或者前果后因等情况。【典例】Large cities were impossible until agriculture

25、became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninetyfive people on farms to feed five people in cities. _.A.That kept cities very small.【分析】A 空格的上一句话提到了，即使在先进的农业社会，也需要大约95个农民养活5个城市人，这只有一个结果，就是使得城市很小，与A项信息呼应。4.从行文逻辑上判断递进关系递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间有also(也，而

26、且)，further(进一步地，而且)，furthermore(而且，此外)，likewise(同样地，也)，similarly(相同地，类似地)，moreover(而且，此外)，in addition(另外，加之)，whats more(更重要的是)，not only.but also(不但而且)等连接词或词组，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的递进关系，空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。【典例】Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the co

27、untry. _. Today, instead of needing ninetyfive farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred nonfarmers.F.Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.【分析】F。解析空格前面的一句话提到，在过去的两个世纪里，工业革命打破了城乡之间的平衡。后一句话提到，现在的情况不需要95个农民养活5个城市人了，在美国一

28、个农民就能养活一百多个非农民，与F项信息，即：“现代化把人们吸引到城市里来，并使得农民更加多产”一致。5.从行文逻辑上判断并列关系如果空格前后两句话之间有first(首先，第一)，second(第二)，third(第三)；firstly(第一，首先)，secondly(第二(点)，其次)，thirdly(第三)；first(第一)，next(其次)，then(那么，然后)；in the first place(第一，首先)，in the second place(第二，其次)；for one thing(首先，一则)，for another(其次)；to begin with(首先，第一)，t

29、o conclude(最后)等连接词或词组，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的并列关系，空格处很有可能是个并列的句子。【典例】Swearing to lose 20 pounds or to run a marathon seems like goals leading to happiness, but they take time to achieve. By focusing on not having accomplished them yet, you will start to feel down on yourself. _. However: if you focus on the sm

30、all milestones that occur along the way, you will feel positive about your progress, which will give you the strength to keep going.B. Youll fail to appreciate more important things in your life.E. You may even end up admitting that you have been defeated. 【分析】E。根据By focusing on not having accomplis

31、hed them yet, you will start to feel down on yourself.及空格后However: if you focus on the small milestones that occur along the way, you will feel positive about your progress, which will give you the strength to keep going.可知空格应与前句构成并列与后句构成转折关系，所以选E.课堂典例1Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in

32、 each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(8%)A. Not only must minerals be solid but they also must have a fixed chemical makeup.B. The meaning of mineral depends on its originC. What exactly is mean

33、t by a mineral in chemistry term?D. She is establishing habits of thought she can call upon in order to understand or solve future problems.E. For example, many minerals originate from melted rock called magma(岩浆）that comesfrom deep within Earth.F. Instead, its deliberate practice. Have you ever pla

34、yed the game Twenty Questions? If so, you may have been asked the questions”Is it animal, vegetable, or mineral? “The definition of mineral in chemistry, however, differs from the definition of mineral in Twenty Question. （1）_Minerals share five basic characteristics in chemistry. If a material lack

35、s even one of these characteristics, the material is not a minerals. To begin with, minerals must be naturally occurring. Scientists define “naturally occurring” as coming from natural processes within the earth. Because minerals come from the earth, they are indeed naturally occurring. （2）_ Over ti

36、me. Some of it rises to the surface, and large glassy particles called crystals are formed. Crystals come in a variety of colors and include quartz and diamond. Minerals must also be inorganic(无机). （3）_ Inorganic material doesnt have any organic matter. Additionally, minerals have a solid structure.

37、 Unlike gasses and liquids that expand to fill whatever container they are placed in, minerals maintain a constant solid shape. （4） _ Minerals are made from atoms that are linked in specific ways. For example, common salt is always composed of one chlorine(CI) atom bonded to one sodium(Na) atom. The

38、se atoms form one NaCI molecule. Therefore, no matter how much salt, or sodium chloride, is present, it is always arranged in a one-to-one ratio of sodium(Na) to chlorine(CI) atoms. The final feature required of minerals is that their individual atoms be organized into regular repeated patterns. The

39、se patterns are called crystal structures. Crystals are similar to a set of blocks, stacked alongside and on top of one another. What distinguishes crystals from other materials is that crystals have a 3D shape that is consistently repeated throughout the substance.【答案】CEDF【解析】1.横线前面一句是讲矿物质在化学中的定义是不

40、同两个问题中是不同的，横线后面是讲解矿物质又物种特性。所以中间很明显是它在化学术语中的不同所以选择C. 2. 前面两句主要说的是矿物质是来源于地表，所以选择E. 3. 前面一句讲矿物质必须是无机的。后面一句说无机物质是不会又有机物质的。所以很明显是选择D。4.需要把这一段读完，我们可以发现这段主要讲解是矿物质和其他化学成分不同所以选择F. 2Directions : Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used o

41、nly once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. Will cars eventually be able to drive themselves ?B. Magazine featuring future cars sell especially well.C. Airbags aren t the be-all and end-all in safety.D.Crazy fans look forward to the launch of future cars.E. All of these things

42、 are likely to change in the not-so-distant future.F. They featured unconventional things like small nuclear reactors as power sources.Like many other small boys, I was fascinated by cars, especially because my oldest brother was a bit of a car guy and subscribed to cool magazines like Car and Drive

43、r and Motor Trend.Every so often, one of those magazines would run an article on the Cars of the Future. (67) Yet, frankly, my car doesnt do anything that my brothers Studebaker didnt do. It goes, it stops, it burns gasoline. I still have to steer it, and it still runs into things if I dont steer it

44、 carefully. But guess what ? (68) It may not burn gasoline, I may not have to steer it, and it may be a lot better at not running into things. (69) In fact, considering the recent news about people occasionally being killed by their airbags in low-speed crashes, they obviously still need some develo

45、pment. But they arent going away, and in fact, you can expect to see cars appearing with additional, side-impact airbags, something some European car manufacturers already offer. Better than systems to minimize injury in the event of an accident, however, are systems that minimize the likelihood of

46、an accident happening in the first place ? Future cars may be able to remove many of the major causes of accidents, including drunk-driving, and tailgating (与前车距离过近) . Cars could be equipped with sensors that can detect alcohol in a drivers system and prevent the car from being started, for example.

47、 As early as next year, youll be able to buy cars with radar-equipped control systems. If the radar determines youre closing too quickly with the car in front, it will ease up on the throttle (油门). Scientists are now working on a system that can brake, accelerate and steer a vehicle down a highway o

48、n its own. _(70) 【答案】 67-70 FECA【分析】67.F中的They 代指前面的cars of the future，且句子意思对应。选F68.All of these things 代指前面的traditional cars 的内容。选E69.空格后面一句的they 代指前面的空格的airbags，跟安全有关。选C70.空格前面的内容其实代表的是autonomous driving，自动驾驶，所以空格选择的A。3Most parents know that they need life insurance. But many would rather have a r

49、oot canal than shop for the best life insurance policy.“People dont think about,What will my family do if I am gone and not earning a living?”says Peter Katt, a fee-only life insurance adviser.“The whole point of this kind of planning is to provide the family with maximum flexibility so theyre not s

50、tuck.”Planning for your death is not a cheerful topic. Too often, parents make a quick decision, ignoring important considerations. Among their mistakes one is that they do not buy enough life insurance. _47_“They dont think that the person who is not bringing in an income needs life insurance,”says

51、 Greg Daugherty, executive editor of Consumers Union. But if that person dies, the other parent cant stop working and usually has to pay someone to help care for the family._48_. Katt recommended that one young couple should buy $3 million for the husband who earns $100,000 a year and $1 million for

52、 the stay-at-home wife.At the same time, many families rely on employer-provided life insurance, but employer-provided coverage is rarely sufficient to support your family. Many employer-provided policies provide a death benefit of $10,000 to $25,000barely enough to cover your funeral expense. Some

53、employers provide a years salary, but that may also fall well short of the amount your family would need to maintain its standard of living.Some employers let workers buy group life insurance through payroll deductions. They may be a good deal for workers who have health problems that would disquali

54、fy them for an individual policy. But if youre young and healthy, you may be able to get a better rate on your own.Another drawback is that if you leave your job, you may not be able to take your insurance.“Given the job market, most of us are not absolutely certain that our jobs are secure,”Daugher

55、ty says.“_49_.”On the other hand, some families buy too much insurance. Not everyone needs life insurance. Some people buy life insurance for babies, which is unnecessary, unless the baby is a child model who is supporting the family, Daugherty says: The purpose of insurance is to replace the income

56、 that a family has been relying on. Single people and those who have no children to care for usually dont need life insurance.Katt says a man with substantial savings in stocks and bonds and other sources of income recently asked him how much life insurance he needs.“I said none,”Katt says.“_50_.” A

57、. There are people who dont need life insurance but have it and many more people who need it but are woefully uninsured.B. Families dont always insure a parent who is staying home to care for the children.C. Most people put off buying life insurance for any number of reasons if they even understand

58、it.D. Even if you have a lot of insurance at work, it makes sense to have some more insurance on your own.E. If you fall seriously ill of suffer significant injury later, it will make it tougher to get that kind of policy, if any at all.F. To make insurance more affordable, you may not need to buy t

59、he same amount of insurance for both parents.【答案】B F D A【分析】本文是一篇社会生活类短文。大多数父母都知道他们需要生命保险，但不愿购买最优质的人寿保险。有些人不需要保险却持有着保险，而许多需要保险的人不幸的是，没有保险。【47题详解】根据空格后：因为他们不认为没有收入的人需要人身保险。得知前面说的是人们不会为在家照顾孩子的一个家长买保险。故选B。【48题详解】根据空格后：凯特建议一对年轻夫妇给每年收入10万美元的丈夫买300万美元保险，给当家庭主妇的妻子买1百万。可以得知夫妻双方购买的保险数目不用相同。故选F。【49题详解】根据空格前：考

60、虑到务工市场，多数人不能确定自己工作的保障性。因此即使你有工作保险，拥有一些保障自己的保险仍然是重要的。故选D。【50题详解】根据空格前：卡特说，一个在股票、债券和其他来源上有大量储蓄的人咨询自己要买多少人寿保险，说明卡特想要指出有些人不需要保险却持有着保险，而许多需要保险的人不幸的是，没有保险。故选A。【点睛】六选四题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握。所以懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构对解题很有用。分析本文的语篇结构，可以知道第一段是文章的主题句，然后接下来各段的语篇结构都是主题句

61、（总）+支撑句（分）（分述主题的具体内容/说明原因/举例证明等）。所以第2小题是本段的主题句凯特建议夫妻双方购买的保险数目不用相同，这对年轻夫妇给每年收入10万美元的丈夫买300万美元保险，给当家庭主妇的妻子买1百万。可以得知夫妻双方购买的保险不用相同，故选F。 4We Americans ingest an average of 25 pounds of rice a yearand a portion of that comes drinking beer Yes， rice is a sample in our diet But is it a safe one？ Consumer Re

62、ports recently found troubling levels of inorganic arsenic， a known human carcinogen （a substance which can cause cancer）， in almost every ricecontaining food it tested （1） But rice takes up arsenic from soil and water more readily than other grains doHealthconscious consumers rely on brown rice， wh

63、ich has even more arsenic In the Consumer Reports test， a quarter cup of uncooked white rice had from roughly 1 to 7 micrograms of inorganic arsenic， while brown rice had from 4 to 10 micrograms Why the difference？ （2） What about rice cakes？ They contained from 2 to 8 micrograms per serving， while h

64、ot and readytoeat rice cereals had 2 to 7 micrograms： These levels are at least five times higher than rice cereals had 2 to 7 micrograms These levels are at least five times higher than those found in other cereals， such as oatmealStudies show that people exposed to large amounts of arsenic for man

65、y years are more likely to die of cancer In Bangladesh， people who drank tap water that contained 50 to 149 micrograms of arsenic per liter for a 0 or 30 years， for example， were 44 percent more likely to die of cancer （3） （The US Environmental Protection Agency limits the total amount of arsenic in

66、 drinking water to 10 micrograms per liter） But our total risk is unclear There isnt enough date to set a limit on inorganic arsenic in food， says the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of SciencesThe Bottom Line： （4） Consumer Reports recommends that adults eat no more than 11/2 to 2 cups

67、 of cooked（brown or white）rice a week， And here is a way to lessen risk： Rinse your rice， cook it in six parts water to one part rice until it reaches eating texture， and then pour off the extra water This can remove about half the arsenicAYou might wonder what one conscious portion of rice could do

68、 for your whole bodyBAmericans are lucky to be exposed to lower levels of arsenicCThis poisonous element is in a wide range of foodincluding fruits， vegetables and grainsDUntil more studies are done， curb your consumption of arsenicEBrown rice appears to be the most effective whole grain for the hea

69、lthy growth of humanbeings，but its darker color can easily absorb too much arsenicF. Brown rice tends to have more arsenic because the metal concentrates in the outer layers， which are burnished off in white nice【解答】CFBD1C联系上文题根据前文Consumer Reports recently found troubling levels of inorganic arsenic

70、， a known human carcinogen （a substance which can cause cancer）， in almost every ricecontaining food it tested可知消费者报告最近发现，几乎每一种大米中都含有令人不安的无机砷，一种已知的人类致癌物C项：This poisonous element is in a wide range of foodincluding fruits， vegetables and grains这种有毒元素存在于多种食物中，包括水果、蔬菜和谷物符合文意，故选C2F理解判断题根据前文In the Consum

71、er Reports test， a quarter cup of uncooked white rice had from roughly 1 to 7 micrograms of inorganic arsenic， while brown rice had from 4 to 10 micrograms Why the difference？可知在消费者报告测试中，四分之一杯未煮熟的白米含有大约1到7微克的无机砷，而糙米含有4到10微克的无机砷为什么会有差异？F项：Brown rice tends to have more arsenic because the metal concen

72、trates in the outer layers， which are burnished off in white nice 糙米往往含有更多的砷，因为金属集中在外层，外层被打磨成白色符合文意，故选F3B语境辨析题根据后文The US Environmental Protection Agency limits the total amount of arsenic in drinking water to 10 micrograms per liter可知美国环境保护署将饮用水中砷的总量限制在每升10微克B项：Americans are lucky to be exposed to l

73、ower levels of arsenic美国人很幸运能接触到低水平的砷符合语境，故选B4D逻辑推理题根据后文Consumer Reports recommends that adults eat no more than 11/2 to 2 cups of cooked（brown or white）rice a week，可知消费者报告建议成年人每周食用不超过11/2至2杯煮熟（棕色或白色）大米D项：Until more studies are done， curb your consumption of arsenic在做更多的研究之前，控制你对砷的消费符合文意，故选D实战演练 1Di

74、rections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences listed below. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.A. Even now, some Adidas employees and Puma employees dont talk to each other.B. The brothers finally began to talk with each other

75、again after so many years.C. At first he wanted to call it Ruda, but eventually he called it Puma,after the wild cat D. You cannot play sports wearing shoes that youd walk around town withE. But in 1948 the brothers arguedF. It became popular almost overnight. Brotherly Love? Adidas and Puma have be

76、en two of the biggest names in sports shoe manufacturing for over half a century.But the story of these two companies begins in one house in the town of Herzogenaurach，Germany Adolph and Rudolph Dassler were the sons of a shoemakerThey loved sport but complained that they could never find comfortabl

77、e shoes to play inRudolph always said，“67”So they started making their ownIn 1920 Adolph made the first pair of athletics shoes with spikes(钉)，produced on the Dasslerskitchen table On lst July 1924 they formed a shoe company，Dassler Brothers Ltd and they worked together for many yearsThe company bec

78、ame successful and it provided the shoes for Germanys athletes at the 1928 and 1932 Olympic Games 68 No one knows exactly what happened，but family members have suggested that the argument was about money or womenThe result was that Adolph left the companyHis nickname was Adi，and using this and the f

79、irst three letters of the family name，Dassler，he founded Adidas Rudolph relocated across the River Aurach and founded his own company too._69_The famous Puma logo of the Jumping cat has hardly changed since After the big split of 1948 Adolph and Rudolph never spoke to each other again and their comp

80、anies havc now been in competition for over sixty yearsBoth companies were for many years the market leadersthough Adidas has always been more successful than PumaThe terrible family argument should really be forgotten，but ever since it happened，over sixty years ago,the town has been split into two.

81、_70_Keys: 67-70:DECA2Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. The thing that relieves stress from dual-working couples is having a job with considerable flexibility B. B

82、ut research shows that if you are coupled up these days, theres a good chance that both you and your partner are in paid workC. They officially have a relationship contract requiring 100 minutes of deadline time together a weekD. It is important to recognize that when that happens rather than heap m

83、ore on each other and look at bringing in extra handsE. Some power couples emphasize quality over quantity in terms of sacrifice F. Committing to both careers often mean that one person will have to sacrifice for the otherThe Special Skills Power Couples CultivateThere is no question that George Clo

84、oney is one of the most successful actors in Hollywood. But it wasnt until he teamed up with Amal Alamuddin, a barrister specializing in public international law and human rights who has represented high-profile clients like WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange that he suddenly made up one half of anoth

85、er status all together-that of the power couple. Power couple-those in a relationship who strive for success in their field while supporting each others ambitions-come in many different forms. Its obviously not necessary that both have careers._67_Today about 48% of married couples in the US, for ex

86、ample, arent dual income, compared with 25% in 1960. That percentage increases to 61% if the couple has children. How do successful dual income couples balance the demands of their careers and relationships? _68_But it should be taken in turns with long-term goals in mind. Phyllis Moen, a sociologis

87、t at the University of Minnesota, says, People found that one career might have to come first. It wasnt and shouldnt necessarily be the same career over time. You can leapfrog over time so it will be a different person whose career take priority. She adds that its easier to prioritize your partner s

88、 career over your own when you know its temporary and will even out over time. Carving out time and holding it sacred for families is critical. If it falls through because of work, its essential to rebook that time somewhere else. Some couples, like Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan, acknowledged t

89、he time commitment officially. _69_It is critical to outsource household work when possible so it doesnt fall on one person over the other. Moen and his wife employ housekeepers and a dog-walker. We are both maxed out in terms of bandwidth. _70_Keys: 67-70 BFCD 3Directions: After reading the passage

90、 below, choose the best answers from the six statements according to what you have just read.AThe affected person will go to great lengths to avoid the situation or object, typically to a degree greater than the actual danger posed.B. You probably dont, and yet these are recognized medical condition

91、s, though very rare ones.C. Phobias often originate from upsetting experiences earlier in life.D. There are, of course, dozens of different kinds, ranging from the obscure to the well-known.E. Phobias can be divided into specific phobias, social phobia, and agoraphobia.F. Therapy of this kind is sai

92、d to be very effective, although in this case perhaps not very enjoyable.Do you know anyone who suffers from equinophobia, pluviophobia or leukophobia? Or, to put it another way, do you know anyone who is very afraid of horses, rain or the colour white? (67)._ According to many surveys, more than te

93、n per cent of people in the United States have some kind of phobia (the word comes from the Greek phobs, meaning fear). (68) _ The names of most of them have been created by adding phobia to a Greek or Latin root a process that has turned into something of a word game, with people inventing names fo

94、r conditions that perhaps exist only in theory (for example androidophobia, the fear of robots).True phobias consist of an intense fear that produces a very strong desire to avoid the object of that fear. Without specialist help they are very difficult to control and tend to disrupt the daily life o

95、f the sufferer. _ (69) For example, an intense fear of dogs (cynophobia) often comes from having been bitten by one; In some cases, however, experts suggest phobias are to some extent evolutionary, arising not from personal experience but from inherited memory lying deep in our brains. Arachnophobia

96、 and ophidiophobia (the fear of snakes) are often suggested as examples: for our distant ancestors, who lived closer to nature than we do, fear of poisonous spiders and snakes would have served the useful evolutionary purpose of helping them avoid potentially fatal bites.A common technique for treat

97、ing some phobias is that of progressive exposure in which sufferers are encouraged by a therapist to gradually get closer to the object of their fear. The idea is that at each step the patient realizes nothing bad is happening to them, which should lead to their fear gradually decreasing. With someone who is terrified of spiders, for example, the therapist might start by showing them a picture of a spider, then introducing a real spider in a glass box and slowly moving the box closer to them, then finally having them hold the spider in the palm of their hand. (70)_.Keys: 67-70 BDCF