专题07 动词-备战2024年中考英语真题题源解密(江苏专用)(原卷版).docx
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1、专题07 动词 江苏中考英语对动词的考查集中在单项选择题、填空题。考查重点包括动词词义辨析、动词短语辨析和情态动词。本专题目的在于帮助学生梳理动词的用法,以帮助同学们高效复习。考点考向考法/命题角度动词动词词义辨析易混动词辨析动词短语辨析易混动词短语辨析情态动词情态动词的用法和区别 考向一 动词词义辨析1(2023江苏南通)Our English teacher is very confident. And he is always ready to _ a challenge.So he is. We all like him.AtouchBchooseCdiscussDaccept【答案】
2、D【详解】句意:我们的英语老师非常自信。他总是准备好接受挑战。他确实是。我们都喜欢他。考查动词辨析。touch触摸;choose选择;discuss讨论;accept接受。根据“Our English teacher is very confident. And he is always ready to.a challenge”可知他很自信,总是准备好接受挑战。故选D。2(2023江苏镇江)The writer who wrote Learn From the Role Model Lei Feng didnt _ the song would be enjoyed by many peop
3、le for 60 years.AexpectBcreateCacceptDchange【答案】A【详解】句意:学习雷锋好榜样的作者没想到这首歌会被很多人欣赏60年。考查动词辨析。expect预料;create创造;accept接受;change改变。根据“didntthe song would be enjoyed by many people for 60 years.”可知,此处指没有料想到这首歌会如此受欢迎。故选A。3(2023江苏徐州)If you put all your eggs in one basket, you _ losing everything all at one
4、time.AriskBenjoyCavoidDconsider【答案】A【详解】句意:如果你把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里,你就有可能一次失去一切。考查动词辨析。risk冒的风险;enjoy喜欢;avoid避免;consider考虑。根据“If you put all your eggs in one basket, youlosing everything all at one time.”可知,如果把鸡蛋放在一个篮子里,就会有失去全部的风险。故选A。4(2023江苏无锡)Lets go and get something to eat. What do you _?How about fish
5、 and chips?AsuggestBimagineCsupposeDinsist【答案】A【详解】句意:我们去吃点东西吧。你有什么建议?鱼和薯条怎么样?考查动词辨析。suggest建议;imagine想象;suppose设想;insist坚持。根据“How about fish and chips”可知,询问对方的建议,故选A。5(2023江苏泰州)Zhang Hua, our monitor, is organized and thoughtful enough to _ time well.AreduceBmanageCcontrolDinfluence【答案】B【详解】句意:张华,我
6、们的班长,有条理,有思想,能很好地管理时间。考查动词辨析。reduce减少;manage管理;control控制;influence影响。根据“Zhang Hua, our monitor, is organized and thoughtful enough to.time well.”可知,有条理,所以能很好地管理自己的时间,故选B。易混动词词义辨析(1)be / get used to doing sth. 意为“习惯做某事”;used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”;be used to do 意为“被用来做某事”。如:I used to get up late, but
7、 now Im used to getting up early. 我过去常常晚起,但现在习惯早起。Umbrella is used to prevent the rain. 雨伞用来避雨。(2)get to+地点=reach+地点=arrive in+大地方 / at+小地方,表示“到达某地”。arrive是不及物动词,后面可不接地点。注意:home,there,here前面不用介词,get home=reach home=arrive home.如:When will you arrive? 你什么时候到达? They arrived at the village. 他们到达了小村庄。(3
8、)borrow from 意为“从借来(借入)”;lend to 意为“把借给(借出)”;keep意为“保存,借”;return=give back意为“归还”。如:I borrow a book from the school library and I can keep it for a month. 我从学校图书馆借来一本书,我可以借一个月。 Could you lend your bike to me?(=lend me your bike)你可以把自行车借给我吗?(4)look意为“看”,表动作;see意为“看见”,表结果;watch意为“注视”;read意为“看书报,阅读”。如:L
9、ook at the blackboard, please. Can you see it clearly? 请看黑板。你能看清吗? Id like to watch a film tonight我想今晚去看电影。 Dont read books in the sun. Its bad for your eyes. 别在太阳下看书,对眼睛有害。(5) say 意为“说”,后面常接说的内容(用“” 引用,或用it,what,that从句代替说的内容);speak 意为“说,演讲”,后面接语言,或指在会议上发言, sb. speaking电话用语,某人正在接电话;talk 意为“交谈”,不及物动词
10、,常用talk to或talk with意为“同某人谈话” ;tell 意为“告诉,讲述”,常用搭配:tell a story“讲故事”,tell a lie“说谎”,tell the truth“说真相”,tell sb. sth.告诉某人某事,tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不)做某事。如:I cant understand what you said just now我不能理解你刚才所说的话。 Most of people in the world speak English. 世界上大多数的人讲英语。 He likes talking to / with
11、me. 他喜欢跟我交谈。 She told me a secret yesterday. 她昨天告诉我一个秘密。(6)spend 意为“花费时间或金钱”,主语是人,spend on sth.;spend (in) doing sth.;cost 意为“某物值多少钱,花费多少钱”,主语是物, sth. cost sb. some money;pay 支付钱,主语是人,pay for ;take 用于固定句型中,It takes / took sb.+时间+to do sth.如:I spent 30 yuan on the book.=I spent 30 yuan buying the boo
12、k. =The book cost me 30 yuan. =I paid 30 yuan for the book. 我花了30元买这本书。 (7)bring意为“带来”;take意为“拿去,带走”;carry意为“扛,搬,抱”,常用于重物;fetch意为“去拿来,往返拿”。如:The box is too heavy to carry. 这箱子太重了,抬不起。Sorry, I forgot to bring my bag here.抱歉,我忘记把包带来这里了。 Kate, take the umbrella with you. Its going to rain. 凯特,把伞随身带去,快下
13、雨了。(8)wear意为“穿着”,表示状态;put on意为“穿上”,表示动作;in+颜色,表示“穿着某颜色衣服”;dress意为“穿衣”,dress sb. 意为“给某人穿衣”,dress oneself意为“某人自己穿衣服”,dress up as 意为“装扮成”。如:Look at the man in green! He is wearing a thick coat in such a hot day! When did he put it on?看那个穿着绿衣服的男士!他大热天正穿着一件厚厚的大衣!他什么时候穿上的?Children dress up as ghosts on Ha
14、lloween.孩子们在万圣节的时候装扮成鬼神的样子。(9)listen意为“听”,不及物动词,listen to sth./ sb.;hear意为“听到”,表结果;sound意为“听起来”,接形容词。如:Listen! There is a girl singing outside. Can you hear? 听,有个女孩在外面唱歌。你能听见吗?(10) look for意为“寻找”,强调的是过程;find意为“找到”,强调的是结果;find out意为“查明”。如:I looked for my key everywhere, but I couldnt find it. 我到处找钥匙,
15、但我找不到。 The window is broken. Can you find out who broke it? 窗坏了。你能查出是谁打破的吗?(11)leave意为“遗漏,落下”,leave sth.+地点“把某物落在某地” ;forget意为“忘记”,forget to do 忘记要做某事,forget doing 忘记做过某事;lose意为“丢失”。如:I lost my watch and I wanted to buy a new one.我手表丢失了,我想买个新的。 I forgot to bring my bag home. Maybe I left it in the r
16、eading room.我忘记把包带回家了。可能我把包落在阅览室了。(12)join意为“参加党派或组织,成为其中一员”,join the Party入党,join the army参军,join the club加入俱乐部;take part in=join in参加聚会或活动;attend参加会议,attend the meeting。如:Well take part in social practice during the summer vacation. 我们将在暑期参加社会实践。 Come and join us! 快来加入我们吧。(13)lose意为“输给某人”,lose to
17、sb.;fail意为“失败”,fail to do sth.做某事失败了,fail the exam考试不及格;beat意为“打败”,beat sb.打败某人,beat+队伍 打败某队;win意为“赢得(荣誉、地位、比赛、战争等)”,win the game。如:We lost the match. 我们比赛输了。=We didnt win the match. Team A beat Team B. A组打败了B组。(14)turn常指颜色变化,turn+颜色;get / grow指天色变化;get指天变长、变短、变暖、变冷;become指天变暖、变冷。如:The leaves were t
18、urning brown. 叶子变成了褐色。 The sky grew / got dark soon.天很快变黑了。 The days are getting longer and longer now. 现在白天变得越来越长了。考向二 动词短语辨析6(2023江苏常州)Can you _ the sign for the community party?Sure, where should I hang it?Akeep upBtake upCgive upDput up【答案】D【详解】句意:你能张贴社区聚会的招牌吗?当然可以,挂在哪儿呢?考查动词短语。keep up保持;take up
19、占据;give up放弃;put up张贴。根据“where should I hang it”可知,张贴标识,故选D。7(2023江苏南通)The wind energy costs very little and will never _. Besides, it produces little pollution.Ablow outBrun outCput outDbreak out【答案】B【详解】句意:风能花费很少并永远不会被用光。除此之外,它产生很少的污染。考查动词短语辨析。blow out吹灭;run out用光;put out扑灭;break out爆发。根据“The wind
20、 energy costs very little and will never.”可知风能应是用之不竭的。故选B。8(2023江苏徐州)I loved the book so much that I could hardly _.Aput it upBput it downCput it onDput it out【答案】B【详解】句意:我太喜欢这本书了,简直爱不释手。考查动词短语。put up张贴;put down放下;put on穿上;put out扑灭。根据“I loved the book so much”可知,“我”非常喜欢这本书,几乎放不下。故选B。9(2023江苏泰州)Most
21、 neighbours _ the habit of square dancing to create a quieter environment for us.Aget intoBcare aboutCcarry onDgive up【答案】D【详解】句意:为了给我们创造一个更安静的环境,大多数邻居都放弃了跳广场舞的习惯。考查动词短语辨析。get into陷入;care about关心;carry on继续;give up放弃。根据“Most neighbours.the habit of square dancing to create a quieter environment for
22、us.”可知,创造更安静的环境,所以是放弃跳广场舞,故选D。易混动词短语辨析 动词短语主要涉及3种形式:同一介词/副词型;同一动词型;混合型 1. 同一介词/副词型for短语 ask for请求pay for为付钱 care for照顾;关怀leave for动身去prepare for为做准备 stand for代表 thanks for 因而感谢wait for 等待up短语 clean up收拾干净;打扫 bring up提出,养育,培养 cheer up (使)振作起来;(使)高兴起来 cut up切碎,剁碎dress up打扮;乔装打扮 eat up吃光,吃完end up最终成为;最
23、后处于 get up起床;起来give up放弃grow up成长,长大 look up查(字典等);抬头看 make up编造;组成,构成;化妆 pick up搭载;捡起;获得;收拾;接电话 put up张贴;挂起set up建立;设立;开办show up出现;露面stand up站起来 stay up不睡觉;熬夜take up 占据;占去;从事 wake up睡醒;醒来;唤醒use up 用完;耗尽about短语talk about谈论;讨论care about关心,在意come about产生;发生dream about梦想,梦到 hear about听说know/learn about
24、了解think about思考;思索;考虑worry about担心;烦恼out短语 find out发现;找出blow out熄灭;吹灭break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生,爆发bring out使显现,使表现出come out开花;出现,显露;出版cut out 切断,删除,停止;裁剪die out灭绝;消失eat out出去吃hand out分发hang out闲逛leave out忽略;不提及;不包括look out小心,当心point out指出put out扑灭;熄灭run out用完,耗尽sell out售完,卖光set out出发;开始turn out结果是,证明是wo
25、rk out算出,解决at短语 aim at瞄准;旨在arrive at到达(小地方)laugh at嘲笑look at看着knock at敲point at指向shout/smile at对大喊/笑throw at投向,掷向away短语 blow away吹走,驱散give away赠送;捐赠;泄露move away搬走pass away去世put away将收起来;攒钱run away跑开,逃跑;失控throw away扔掉;抛弃take away带走,拿走back短语 bring back带回;恢复;使想起;归还come back回来;回想起;再度流行go back回去give back
26、归还pay back偿还(借款等)talk back回嘴,顶嘴call (sb.) back (给某人)回电话down短语 break down损坏;分解;抛锚;停止运转,出故障calm down平静/镇静下来cut down砍倒;削减put down放下die down逐渐变弱;逐渐消失fall down突然倒下;倒塌;摔倒lie down躺下let down使失望look down俯视go down下降sit down坐下slow down减速pull down 拆下,摧毁;推倒turn down调低,关小;拒绝write down写下,记录下off短语 break off中止,弄断cle
27、an off把擦掉cut off切除;剪掉;切断(水源、电源等)fall off跌落;从掉下来get off下车,下班give off发出,放出(光、热等)pay off偿清(欠款等);成功put off推迟send off发出,寄出set off出发,动身show off炫耀shut off关闭;停止运转take off起飞;脱下;摘掉;离开turn off关掉(水、电、电视、收音机等)kick sb. off开除某人see sb. off为某人送行on短语 call on号召;拜访carry on继续come on快点儿;加油;来吧 depend on取决于;依靠,依赖go on继续,发生
28、get on上车;进展;应付;对付hold on等一等(别挂电话);坚持live/feed on以为食;靠为生put on穿上;上演;增加体重,发胖try on试穿turn on打开over短语 come over过来;顺便来访fall over 绊倒get over克服;恢复;原谅go over复习,重温hang over悬挂look over (仔细)检查think over仔细考虑with 短语 (dis)agree with (不)同意 begin/start with以开始communicate with与交流compare with与作比较connect with与相连deal w
29、ith解决,处理end with以结束play with和玩share with和分享catch up with赶上;超过come up with想出;提出(主意、计划、回答等)fall in love with喜欢上,和相爱2. 同一动词型look短语 look for寻找;寻求look after照顾;照看look at看look like看起来像look out小心;注意look over检查look through快速查看;浏览look up to钦佩;仰慕look down upon瞧不起;看低look forward to盼望;期待look back at回首(往事);回忆;回顾l
30、ook up (在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅;抬头看come短语 come down下来come back回来;想起来come from来自come over过来;顺便来访come true 实现come out出现;出版come in/into 进入;进来come across(偶然)遇见(或发现)come on快点儿;加油come back to回到(主题、想法等)上来come into being形成come up with想出;提出(主意、答案等) come up to(为攀谈而)走到跟前;走近get短语 get away 逃离get back 回来get in进入;到达;收获ge
31、t on上车get off 下车get out离开,出去get over克服get to到达get up起床;站起get into陷入;参与get away from避免,摆脱;逃离get out of离开;从出来 get used to习惯于get into the habit of养成的习惯get in the way (of)挡的路;妨碍get on/along with 与和睦相处/关系良好get ready for为做准备give短语 give away 捐赠give back 还给,归还give in屈服;让步give off发出(光、热等)give out散布;分发give up
32、 放弃make短语 make sure确信,证实make up编造(故事、谎言等);化妆make sense有道理;有意义make fun of取笑make full use of充分利用make up of构成,由组成put短语 put away放好put down写下,记下put off推迟put back将放回put out熄灭put up搭建;张贴put on上演;增加(体重);发胖 put in安装;把写进(信函、故事等)put into投入;投放(资金)put through使经受(磨炼、痛苦等)put together组装;把放在一起put up with容忍;忍受、take短语
33、 take after与长得像take down 拆除;往下拽;记录take in吸收;吸入take off起飞;脱掉take over接收,接管take up占用,占据;开始从事take care of照顾take part in参加take pride in以为傲take the place of代替take out切除;摘除;带走take away from从拿走turn短语 turn around转身;调转方向turn off关掉turn up调高(声音turn into变成turn out结果是turn.over使翻转turn to转向;求助于turn down拒绝;调低(声音)tu
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2019届人教A版数学必修二同步课后篇巩固探究:2-1-1 平面 WORD版含解析.docx
