专题07 助动词-小学语法精讲精练（附口诀、练习和答案）.docx

1、小学语法精讲精练 专题07 助动词思考引入这个助动词看起来很眼熟啊!既然眼熟,那你来说说在哪里见过它吧!我们之前学陈述句和疑问句的时候就见过呀,我还记得有一种疑问句就是助动词+主语+其他构成的。对!我们今天要学的就是这个助动词。助动词,顾名思义就是起辅助作用的动词。助动词不能单独作谓语,通常与实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态,以及否定、疑问结构等。今天我们要学习4个常见的助动词:do,will,be,have。知识概览知识精讲一、助动词dodo作助动词时，主要与动词原形一起构成一般现在和一般过去时态，用于否定句和疑问句中，有do,does,did三种形式。1.do,does用于一般现在时态(1)

2、当主语是“I, you,we, they”或复数名词时，用doDo you like hamburgers?你喜欢汉堡吗?What do they like?他们喜欢什么?I dont have a football.我没有足球。We dont have English on Monday.我们周一没有英语课。They dont have too much homework today.他们今天的家庭作业不多。(2)当主语是“she,he,it”或单数可数名词时，用doesShe doesnt go shopping on Sundays.她星期天不去购物。He doesnt go to sc

3、hool today.他今天不去上学。How much does it cost to become a member?要成为会员得花多少钱?Does your dad go to work on Saturdays?你爸爸周六上班吗?2.did用于一般过去时态，无主语人称限制Did you watch TV last night?昨天晚上你看电视了吗?Where did he live last year?他去年住在哪里?I didnt go swimming yesterday.我昨天没去游泳。Linda didnt go to Hangzhou yesterday.琳达昨天没去杭州。热身

4、小练翻一翻。请你将下列中文句子翻译成英文。1.我不喜欢看电视。_2.我昨天没看见你。_3.海伦周末经常做什么?她经常去拜访她的祖父母。_答案：1.I dont like watching TV.2.I didnt see you yesterday.3. What does Helen often do on weekends? She often visits her grandparents.二、助动词willwill作助动词时，主要与动词原形一起构成一般将来时态，表示“将要”,只有这一种形式。I will go to Beijing.我将要去北京。She will have a meet

5、ing this afternoon.今天下午她要参加一个会议。What will you do next week?你下周要做什么? Will you take your kite tomorrow?你明天要带你的风筝吗?No, I wont(= will not).不，我不会带。热身小练翻一翻。请你将下列中文句子翻译成英文。1.我们明天去拜访他。_2.放学后他将和朋友们一起打篮球。_答案：1. We will visit him tomorrow. 2. He will play basketball with friends after school.三、助动词bebe作助动词时，主要与

6、动词的现在分词一起构成进行时态，表示“正在”,有am,is,are, was, were五种形式。1.am,is,are用于现在进行时I am watching TV.我正在看电视。He is reading in the library now.他现在正在图书馆看书。We are playing hide-and-seek.我们正在玩捉迷藏。2. was,were用于过去进行时She was swimming at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候她正在游泳。 What were you doing when I called you?我给你打电话的时候你正在做什么?I

7、was doing my homework.我正在做家庭作业。热身小练填一填。请你根据括号内的单词提示将下列句子补充完整。1. Jack, what_you_(do)now? I_ _(watch)a movie.2. In this video, the birds_ _(sing)in the tree.3.The students_(have)a maths class at 10oclock yesterday.答案：1.are; doing; am watching 2.are singing 3. were having四、助动词havehave作助动词时，主要与动词的过去分词一起

8、构成完成时态，表示“已经”,有have,has,had三种形式。1.have,has用于现在完成时I have got up.我已经起床了。He has left for London.他已经去了伦敦。Have you finished your homework?你的家庭作业已经写完了吗?2.had用于过去完成时By the end of last month, they had finished their work.到上个月底，他们已经完成了他们的工作。He had come back when I woke up.我醒来时他已经回来了。热身小练判一判。请你判断下列句子中的have是否为

9、助动词(是画“”,不是画“”)。( )1. Have you got a big hat?( )2. I have had the book for 3 years.( )3. They will have a special dinner tomorrow.( )4.I have a bad cold. I wont go to school tomorrow.答案：1. 2. 3. 4.知识精练一、单选题1What _ birds eat? They eat _.Ado; cornBdoes; cornCdo; hay2What _ he do last Friday? He bought

10、 some books.AdidBdoesCdoDdone3Jack _ go to school yesterday. He was sick. AdoesntBisntCdidnt4What _ you do during your winter holiday? I did my homework.AdidBdoesCwereDare5What _ you do the day before yesterday? I _.Ado; stay at homeBdid; stayed homeCdid; stayed at home6_ Tom play football this morn

11、ing? ADoBDidCDoes7What _ you _ yesterday afternoon? Adid, doBdo; didCdo; do8_ your uncle _ you a red dress yesterday? Yes, I like it very much.AWas; boughtBDid; buyCDoes; buysDDid; bought9What _ you often do on the weekend? I often see a film.AdoBdidCdoes10Why _ you look tired? Because I _ sleep wel

12、l last night. Adoes; didntBdo; dontCdo; didnt11When _ the film _? At ten oclock last night.Adoes; beginBdo; beginCwill; beginDdid; begin12It _ sunny and warm in Guangzhou tomorrow. Awill beBwillCisDwill is13_ you sister _ swimming? Yes, she does.ADoes; likesBDoes; likeCDo; likeDDo; likes14He _ busy

13、this week. He _ free next week. Awas; isBis; willCis; will be15She_ buy some books tomorrow.Awant toBis goingCwill二、改写句子16She visited her aunt yesterday. (用tomorrow替换yesterday)She is _ _ visit her aunt tomorrow.17It means you shouldnt litter here. (对划线部分提问)What _ it _?18Liu Tao did his homework late

14、 last night (改为否定句)Liu Tao _ _ his homework late last night.19She goes to school by bike. (对画线部分提问)How _ she _ to school?20The sign means “No parking”. (改为一般疑问句)_ the sign _ “No parking”?21John took the bus to the park last Sunday. (对划线部分提问)_ _ John take the bus to the park?22My family went to the c

15、inema two days ago. (对划线部分提问)_ _ your family _ two days ago?三、用单词正确形式填空23_ Sam _ (find) his kite yesterday? Yes.24Mike always _ (have) meals on time, but his sister _. (do not).25_ the fish _ (have) a big tail?Yes, youre right.26Look! Some people _ (cross) the road. Lets stop and wait.27What _ (do)

16、you do yesterday? I _ (help) my mother sweep the floor.28Helen _ (not wear) her beautiful skirt that day.29_ you _ (live) with your parents before you were seven years old?30They _ (not write ) letters to their parents yesterday.31The boy _ (not pick) apples yesterday, he _ (cook) food.32What _ you

17、_ (do) last week?I _ (visit) a farm.33Look! Liu Tao _ (show) a model plane to his classmates.34_ you _ (write) an email last week? Yes, I _ (write) it on Sunday.35Mike _ (not like) fruit two years ago.36_ (Do) he have any hobbies?Yes, he liked _ (play) the piano.37What _ she _ (do) on weekends?38She

18、 _ (not like) opera.39I _ (not) think so.答案：1A2A3C4A5C6B7A8B9A10C11D12A13B14C15C16going to17does mean18didnt do19does go20Does mean21When did22Where did go23Did find24has doesnt25Does have26are crossing27did helped28didnt wear29Did live30didnt write31didnt pick cooked32did do visited33is showing34Did write wrote35didnt like36Did playing37does do38doesnt like39dont记忆口诀助动词助动词,用法怪,只当佐料不当菜。句型变换显身手,常与时态在一块。过去did,现在do,第三人单用does;will将来,be进行,已经完成有have。