专题08动词的时态和语态及主谓一致（讲义）（原卷版）.docx

1、专题08 动词的时态和语态及主谓一致(讲义)目 录考点 动词的时态和语态及主谓一致 -1页 -1页 -2页【真题研析规律探寻】-3页考向1 考查一般过去时态和语态-3页考向2 考查一般过去时的时态和语态及主谓一致-3页考向3 考查现在完成时的时态和语态及主谓一致-3页考向4 考查一般现在时的时态和语态及主谓一致-3页【核心提炼考向探究】-4页1一般现在时与一般过去时-4页2现在完成时、过去完成时与现在完成进行时-5页3现在进行时、过去进行时与将来进行时-7页4一般将来时和过去将来时-8页5被动语态的高频考点-9页6主谓一致的 “三原则”-9页动词的时态和语态及主谓一致考点的解题关键-10页【题

2、型特训命题预测】-11页预测考向1 考查动词的一般过去时的时态和语态及主谓一致-11页预测考向2 考查现在完成时的时态和语态及主谓一致-12页预测考向3 考查一般现在时的时态和语态及主谓一致-12页预测考向4 考查将来时的时态和语态-12页预测考向5 考查进行时的时态和语态-12页考点 动词的时态和语态及主谓一致考情分析：分析2021-2023年新高考有动词的时态和语态及主谓一致的考向分布。题型语法填空高考考点动词的时态和语态（考查的具体内容展示）主谓一致新高考I卷20232022were一般过去时is designed一般现在时的被动语态主谓一致2021was一般过去时主谓一致新高考II卷2

3、023wished一般过去时2022was fixing过去进行时threw一般过去时主谓一致2021wished一般过去时新高考浙江卷2023年1月were permitted一般过去时的被动语态featured一般过去主谓一致2022年1月37is viewed/has been viewed38are41have promised主谓一致2022年6月36be appreciated43noticed2021年1月39is considered41was主谓一致2021年7月36.has proved/has proven45sold40was painted主谓一致总结高考考点，探究动

4、词的时态和语态及主谓一致的命题规律。近年来，高考动词的时态和语态及主谓一致主要考查：一般过去时的时态和语态；一般现在时的时态和语态；现在完成时的时态和语态；涉及被动语态和相关时态有和主语一致的考查。考点要求考题统计考情分析一般过去时3年11考【命题规律】根据新高考三年的考情分析，动词的时态和语态主要集中考查：一般过去时的时态和语态；一般现在时的时态和语态；现在完成时的时态和语态；主谓一致主要是涉及语态和现在时态的与主语一致的问题；但复习时也要兼顾其他时态，做到有备无患。【命题预测】2024年高考还会集中考查现在时态和过去时态及一致问题，原因是：涉及其他时态的语篇很难找到合适的语篇，故想考无法考

5、，也不是其他时态不重要。现在完成时3年4考一般现在时3年5考过去进行时3年1考考向1 考查一般过去时态1.(2023年新高考II卷) As a little girl, I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, Im living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.2.（20231月新高考浙江卷）The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy

6、 businessmen often _ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).3. （2022新高考卷）He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly _ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 考向2 考查一般过去时的语态及主谓一致1.（20231月新高考浙江卷）Citizens of higher social classes _ (permit

7、)to live closer to the center of the circles. 2.（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in ma

8、nagement. 3.（2021新课标I卷）You cant help wondering how hard it _（be）for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 4.（2021新课标II卷）Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, Id send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to _ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 考向3 考查现在完成时的时态和语态及主谓一致1.（2022全国甲卷

9、）In the last five years， Cao _ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africas highest mountain. 2.（2022年浙江卷1月）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics many of them climate scientists _ （promise） to fly as littl

10、e as possible since the effort started two years ago.3.（2021年浙江卷）It doesnt impress like George Washingtons plantation on the Potomac, but Lincolns home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.4.（2021年北京卷）There _(be) a dramatic rise in the nu

11、mber of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, causing largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. 考向4 考查一般现在时的时态和语态及主谓一致1.（2023全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still (employ) today to

12、draw attention to important truths.2.（2022新高考I卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP _ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecol

13、ogical buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.3.（2023全国乙卷）The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could b

14、e photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.4.（2021年浙江卷1月）It is calculated by dividing a persons weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _ _ (consider) healthy. 动词的时态和语态及主谓一致考点的必备知识：1一般现在时与一般过去时般现在时和一般过去时是近几年语法填空必考的语法项目，而且考查的均是最基本的用法。(一)一般现在时一般现在时常用来表示习惯性、经常性

15、发生的动作或存在的状态。1谓语动词的构成：do/does2基本用法(1)表示经常性的动作。【记住这些时间状语标志词是快速解题的关键】常与usually，always，often，sometimes，never，every day等表示频度的时间状语连用。On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work.星期一早晨，我通常花费一小时开车去上班。(2)表示客观真理、格言或者警句等。表示客观真理时，即使主句是一般过去时，宾语从句还要用一般现在时。As we all know, the earth travels around

16、 the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。(3)表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作。【易错提醒】谓语动词是come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, live, fly等，可以用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。My dream school starts at 8：30 am and ends at 3：30 pm.我理想的学校上午8：30上课，下午3：30放学。(4)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。【易错提醒】If you come this afternoon, well have a meeting.如果你今

17、天下午过来，我们将开个会。(二)一般过去时1谓语动词的构成：did2基本用法(1)表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示具体的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday, last month, just now, the other day, three days ago, in 1989等。【记住这些时间状语标志词是快速解题的关键】The other day I came across an old friend on the top of Mount Tai.前几天，我在泰山顶上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。(2)在时间、条件等状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。【易错提醒】He

18、said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。(3)表达“原以为/本来认为/原希望”等意义时，know，think，expect等动词常用一般过去时。【易错提醒】Much to my disappointment，the film is not as moving as I expected.使我非常失望的是，这部电影不像我原来预料的一样感人。(4)常见句型：【高频再现】It is time that sb. should do/did sth.该到的时候了It is/has been一

19、段时间since.did sth.自从做某事已经一段时间了would/had rather sb. did sth.宁愿某人做某事It is time that we took action to protect our environment.该到我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。As far as I know，it is/has been three years since he joined the army.据我所知，他参军三年了。(5)句中暗含有表示过去的时间状语。【难点提醒】George said that he would come to school to see me the

20、next day，but he didnt.乔治说他会在第二天来学校看我，但是他没有来。2. 现在完成时、过去完成时与现在完成进行时(一)现在完成时1谓语动词的构成：done2基本用法(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常用的时间状语：already，so far，never，just，before，recently，for a long time，in the past/last few years等。Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years.在过去的10年中我们的城市发生了很大

21、变化。(2)表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态，常与“since时间点”或“for时间段”等表示一段时间的状语连用。He moved here in 2019 and he has lived here ever since.他2019年搬到这里，自那之后他一直住在这里。3现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。Please return the book to me when you have finished it.当你读完这本书请归还给我。【高频再现】(1)注意牢记以下固定句型：It is/has been时间段since.表示

22、“自从以来已经”。It is/has been ten years since I graduated from the university.我大学毕业已十年了。This/It/That is the first/second/third.time that.表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”，that从句中要用现在完成时。It is the first time that I have visited the city.这是我第一次游览这座城市。This isthe形容词最高级名词that.结构，that从句要用现在完成时。This is the best film that Ive (

23、ever) seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。(2)【易错提醒】注意避免思维定式：一看到for时间段，就用动词的现在完成时态。一定要看语境强调是“该动作曾经做过多长时间”(一般过去时)，还是“该动作已经做完多长时间”(现在完成时)。 Yang Zhenning lived in America for many years and now he lives in China.杨振宁在美国定居多年，现在他生活在中国。Dashan has lived in China for many years.大山在中国住了许多年。 (二)过去完成时1谓语动词的构成：haddone2基本用法(1)表示到过去某

24、一时间之前动作已经完成即“过去的过去”，常见的时间状语有by.，until.，when.，before.等。【解题关键】When he was in Beijing, he visited places where he had played as a child.他在北京的时候游览了他儿时曾玩过的地方。By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had already graduated from college.杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。(2)表示意向的动词，如hope，wish，expect，think，in

25、tend，mean，suppose 等，用过去完成时表示“原本(事实上未能)”。【易错提醒】We had expected that you would be able to win the match.我们原来预料你们能够赢比赛。(3)表示一个过去的动作先于另一过去的动作发生，这种情况多见于宾语从句。He remembered that he had left the key at home.他记得他把钥匙落家了。(4)过去完成时的常用句型【高频再现】It was the first/second.time that.这是第一/第二次It was the third time that th

26、e boy had been late.这是那个男孩第三次迟到了。had hardly.when刚就；had no sooner.than一就。如：I had hardly opened the door when he hit me.我刚打开门，他就打了我。He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。(三) 现在完成进行时1谓语动词的构成：beendoing2基本用法(1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间，一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。For days the kids have been looking

27、for others we can help.几天以来，孩子们一直在找我们能够帮助的其他人。(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。I have been calling him many times this morning，but theres no answer.今天早晨我一直给他打了很多电话，但是没人接。3. 现在进行时、过去进行时与将来进行时(一)现在进行时1谓语动词的构成：doing2基本用法(1)表示此刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态，常与时间状语now，at the moment，at present等连用。He is watching a football matc

28、h on TV at home now.他现在正在家里看电视上的足球赛。(2)一些特定的表示动作趋向性的短暂性动词come, go, leave, get, start, open, arrive, begin, return等常用现在进行时表将来。I am leaving for Shanghai to attend an important international meeting.我要出发去上海参加一个重要的国际会议。(3)现在进行时态与频率副词always，constantly连用表达某种感情色彩，如不满、厌恶、赞赏等。You are always forgetting the im

29、portant thing.你总是把重要的事情忘掉。(表达出不满的情绪)(二)过去进行时1谓语动词的构成：doing2基本用法(1)过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作或者存在的状态。He was playing basketball with his friends on the playground at 3：00 pm yesterday.昨天下午3点他正在操场与他的朋友们一起打篮球。(2)表示过去一个动作发生时另外一个动作正在进行。She was watching TV when a burglar broke into her house.她正在看电视，这时一个盗贼闯入她家。(3

30、)表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作，此用法常见动词有go，begin，leave，arrive，come，return等。I was coming to visit you later that day，but I had to phone and cancel.我本打算那天晚些时候去看你，但是我不得不打电话取消了。(三)将来进行时1谓语动词的构成：will be doing2基本用法表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。This time next week Ill be lying on the beach，enjoying the sunshine.下星期这个时候，

31、我正躺在海滩上，享受着阳光。4. 一般将来时和过去将来时(一)一般将来时1表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态常用以下四种结构(1)will/shall动词原形(2)be going to动词原形(3)be to动词原形(4)be about to do sth.2基本用法(1)一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，即单纯的将来事实。He will graduate from Beijing University next year.明年，他将毕业于北京大学。(2)be going to do sth.表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。Look at the cloud. It is go

32、ing to rain.瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。(3)be to do sth.表示按计划或安排即将要做某事，或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。We are to obey these rules when we go into the library.当我们进了图书馆，就要遵守这些规章制度。(4)be about to do sth.表示即将要发生某事。该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用。The train is about to leave.火车即将开出。(二)过去将来时1谓语动词的构成：2基本用法过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即过去将来时是“立足过去，着眼未来”

33、的一种时态，常用于宾语从句中。The shop would soon close，and all the people would go home.这个商店不久将关闭，所有的人将回家。5被动语态的高频考点（1）不能用被动语态的特殊动词系动词类(look，seem，feel，taste，sound，prove，appear等)。表示主语特征的词(read，wash，write，sell，wear，lock等)，常与not，hardly，well，easily，badly，nicely等副词连用。This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布料容易洗。（2）get构成的表

34、示被动的短语此类短语主要有get paid/lost/hurt等。We get paid every week.我们按周获得薪酬。（3）主动形式表示被动意义在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词；worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing/to be repaired.这房子需要修理。在某些“主语(人/物)be形容词不定式”中不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pl

35、easant，interesting等。The problem is difficult to work out.这道题很难计算出。6. 主谓一致的 “三原则”(1)“语法一致”原则【解题指导】1可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。2在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与先行词的数保持一致。3单个的动词-ing形式、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。4主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, but, e

36、xcept, along with, rather than等连接另一主语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。(2)“意义一致”原则【解题指导】1集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词则用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。2“分数/百分数/the majorityof名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主

37、语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。“a number of名词”作主语，其谓语动词常用复数形式；“the number of名词”作主语，其谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。 (3)“就近一致”原则【解题指导】1由either .or ., neither .nor ., not only .but also .等连接的并列主语或者在there be句型中，谓语动词常与最邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。2在There be句型中，若有几个并列成分作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式由最邻近的主语决定。动词的时态和语态及主谓一致考点的解题关键： (1)通过“标志性状语”解决时态问题在题干中，y

38、esterday, tomorrow, always, since, in the past few years, over the years, by时间， so far等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语，做题时可以通过寻找这些标志性状语来判定时态。(2)通过“并列谓语动词”解决时态问题当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，它们之间可能是同时发生，也可能有一定的先后关系，我们可以根据这种谓语动词的关系来判定时态。同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词的时态要一致。 (3)通过“语境暗示”解决时态问题有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过“语境暗示”，正确分析语境也是解决时态问题的

39、一条行之有效的方法。 (4)通过“时态定义”解决时态问题准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。 (5)通过“固定句式”解决时态问题掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方法。【高频再现】Its (high) time sb did sth表示“正是某人做某事的时候”，从句要用一般过去时。It is/has been . since . 表示“自从以来”，since 之前用一般现在时或现在完成时，since后用一般过去时或接表示过去的时间状语。sb was/were doing sth when sb did sth表示“正在做某事，这时突然”。“It/This/That is/wasth

40、e形容词最高级n.定语从句”句型中，定语从句的时态用现在/过去完成时。“It is/was the first timethat从句”句型中，从句的时态一般用现在/过去完成时。hardly, scarcely, barely过去完成时when一般过去时，表示“一(刚)就”。no sooner过去完成时than一般过去时，表示“一(刚)就”。by (the end of)过去时间，句子谓语动词用过去完成时，表示“到过去某时为止，已经做了某事”。by (the end of)将来时间，句子谓语动词用将来完成时，表示“到将来某时为止，已经做了某事”。“祈使句and/or/otherwise陈述句”，

41、陈述句用一般将来时。【易错提醒】在时间、条件状语从句中，主句用一般/过去将来时，从句用一般现在/过去时。在宾语从句中，如果主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去的某种时态；从句表示客观事实或真理，用一般现在时。2通过“逻辑关系”解决语态问题有时候做题时，我们对于时态问题比较关注，但往往忽略了语态，因此我们可以采用“先语态、后时态”的方式。解决语态问题主要是根据谓语动词与句子主语之间的逻辑关系，二者为主动关系用主动语态，是被动关系则用被动语态。3.主谓一致把握三原则即可。（语法填空中主谓一致的难度较小，一般就是根据真正主语的单复数判断谓语动词的单复数）【2024年高考命题预测】根据高考考情分析2024年

42、高考将：（1）一般现在时和一般过去时仍然是考查的重点；（2）现在完成时是考查的难度；（3）根据语境中的主谓关系判断被动语态；（4）在时态和语态中连带考查主谓一致。预测考向1 考查动词的一般过去时的时态和语态及主谓一致1.（2024湖北省宜荆荆随联考）This “book doctor” has been engaged in restoring lots of ancient cultural relics since she (graduate) from Peking university in 2015.2. （2024河南省信阳市一模）The opening ceremony of t

43、he 19th Asian Games (hold) at the Hangzhou Olympic Sports Center Stadium on the evening of September 23, which was a spectacular display of Chinese culture and innovation.3.（2024广西南宁市高三一模）The famous historical painting “Emperor Taizong Receiving the Tibetan Envoy (使团)”，created by remarkable painter

44、Yan Liben(601-673), (shine) brilliantly in the Palace Museum on April 29, 2023.4.（2024广西南宁市高三一模）Princess Wencheng _(appreciate) by Tibetan people soon after she arrived at Tibet, because she taught the locals farming techniques， greatly improving the yield (产量) of the land.预测考向2 考查现在完成时的时态和语态及主谓一致1.

45、（2024河南省豫北名校新高考英语联考试题（二）So far, a total of 90 films and TV series from 7,024 submission s by artists of 104 countries and regions like the US, India and Iran (select) for the next stage.2.（2024吉林省长春市东北师范大学附属中学第二次模拟）“The studying method (improve) us a lot in the past three years since we were taught

46、to finish research projects and writing tasks,” one of the students said.3.（2024浙江省绍兴蕺山外国语学校9月检测）In Sichuan, local chefs add thebest soup to the noodle, in which chicken (boil) for eight hours before being filtered (过滤) to make it nearly as clear as water.预测考向3 考查一般现在时的时态和语态及主谓一致1.（2024山东省烟台市高三期中）In

47、ternational Chinese Language Day (fall) on April 20, and this year a series of celebrations, themed Together for the Future, were held by three different organizations at home and abroad successfully.2.（2024河北省保定市保定市部分高中期中）With a combination of resistance to diseases and insects, some of the trees (

48、claim) to be more than 2,500 years old.3.（2024安徽皖江名校联盟10月阶段考试）Best known for its skillful and delicate needlework, Su embroidery (praise)for its use of the finest threads, balanced compositions, dense stitching (密集的针法) and smooth finish.预测考向4 考查将来时的时态和语态（2024广西北海市高三上学期一模）The exhibition also included

49、 a range of childrens books and a collection of poems. Its expected that the books (donate)to local libraries and schools and the paintings will be given to local childrens hospitals.预测考向5 考查进行时的时态和语态（2024四川省五市联考月考）Chongqing Hotpot is the staple dish of the city. Hotpot restaurants in Chongqi ng are everywhere if you look up on the street you are in, chances are that you (stand) exactly near a hotpot restaurant.