专题08 六选四10篇（第一期）-2023高考英语上海市名校模拟真题速递.docx

1、2023高考英语上海市名校模拟真题速递第一期专题08 六选四10篇（2023上海模拟预测）Silly Mistakes Hit the HeadlinesWe have probably all had moments when we said the wrong thing. I certainly have. There was the time at university when I met a friend in a coffee bar after class and immediately started complaining about our tutor, who was

2、called Dr Gray. I was going on and on about how miserable she was一strict, boring, unfriendlyand my friend wasnt really saying much. After a minute or so, she interrupted me and said, “Um, I think I should introduce you”. She then turned to this other student who I hadnt really noticed up till then a

3、nd said, ”This is Tracy. Tracy Gray!Fortunately, the result of putting my foot in it was only an awkward moment and a stony silence. Maybe my friends thought a little less of me, maybe they thought I was an idiot, but no real harm was done. _1_Take Gerald Ratner. He was the multimillionaire owner of

4、 a chain of shops that sold cheap jewellery. In what was supposed to be a light-hearted speech to some fellow businessmen, he joked about the quality of some of his products. He said some earrings were cheaper than a sandwich, but probably wouldnt last as long. Other products could be sold at such l

5、ow prices because they were rubbish. _2_ Ratner had to resign as director and shortly afterwards the company was taken over by a competitor.In some ways, Ratner could be seen as unfortunate in that he was in a semi-private meeting with friends and colleagues he was at ease with, but there happened t

6、o be a journalist there. _3_ And with the rise of social media, there have been plenty of others who have been caught out by the increasingly vague boundaries between our private and public faces. For example, a group of flight attendants made jokes about the engines on their planes failing and comp

7、lained about their airline and clients (客户)._4_ Unfortunately, they did it publicly on Facebook and it led to thirteen of them being fired.AUnsurprisingly, when his customers heard about the jokes they didnt see the funny side and the share price of the company crashed.BAll I can say is that its the

8、 same with the famous!CThe same is not true for everyone, particularly if you are famous.DWhat makes things worse for the famous is that these mistakes become even more widely publicised because of 24-hour news channels and websites.EThis is the kind of thing many people might do privately when they

9、 get together with colleagues after work.FAs a result, what was private suddenly became public.（2022秋上海浦东新高三校考一模）How to Think Like A Utopian(乌托邦人）“Its important that you have some idea of where you want to go, some kind of dream,” says Rutger Bregman, 33, a Dutch historian and author who has written

10、 about utopian thinking. _5_ .Throughout history, many significant milestones-democracy, the elimination of slavery, equal rights for men and women-began as utopian dreams.To engage in utopian thinking, you cant just focus on the present Theres nothing Inherent (内在的)about our current political, econ

11、omic and nodal realities; people made these systems and can make them anew. _6_ A sensationalistic daily news cycle can restrict your ability to see the world as anything but dangerous, violent and mean.Utopianism doesnt require you to be optimistic. In Act, that kind of “dont worry, everything will

12、 work out” view can lead to self-content. _7_ To be Utopian takes grand ambitious thinking. But when it comes to implementing these ideas into policies and practice, Bregam suggests a humble and careful approach._8_ “Dystopias (反面乌托邦的）tend to be much better entertainment,” Bregman says. Notice, thou

13、gh, if those plotlines start eroding your view of human nature. To think like a utopian, it helps to believe that humans are fundamentally decent. Be cautious if your utopias all involve technological fixes or escapist colonies on Mars. The work of imagining features is hard. “In this era of climate

14、 breakdown and the extinction of species, its obviously easier to think of how it all could end than how it could become much better,” Bregman says. .AInstead, be hopeful in a way that moves you toward action.BIt always starts with people who are first dismissed as unreasonable and unrealistic,” Bre

15、gman says.CYou can be a utopian and still enjoy dystopian fictional narratives.DExcessively enthusiastic attachment to utopian blueprints can be dangerous.EDont underestimate the power of unusual Ideas.FTo envision something novel, read more history and less news.（2023上海上海市复兴高级中学校考模拟预测）The Look of T

16、rustA few years ago, the scientists Claudia Townsend at the University of Miami and Suzanne Shu at UCLA Anderson School of Management conducted a simple investigation into how aesthetics (美学) influence our investment decisions.They randomly assigned 255 students to receive an annual corporate report

17、. One of these reports was aesthetically pleasing it had high-quality images and a clear layout. The other report was far less attractive. After leafing through these two reports both of which contained the exact same factual information the subjects were asked to estimate the lowest acceptable sell

18、ing price for shares of the company. _9_If investors were rational agents, then the look of the report shouldnt have mattered they should be responding only to its content. _10_ Townsend and Shu found that subjects given the prettier document insisted on an average selling price of $327.01 per share

19、. Those shown less pretty document, meanwhile, concluded that the companys shares were worth only $162.41. This research suggests that the design of the annual report can significantly influence our sense of value._11_ In recent years, scientists have also looked at how aesthetics impacts our percep

20、tions of trust. Do we find prettier Web sites more trustworthy? Theres no logical reason why that would be the case, of course, but the human mind is full of illogical peculiarity. _12_ In a paper, researchers showed that our first impressions of a Web site they showed subjects screen shots for fift

21、y milliseconds, which is too fast for conscious awareness shaped our subsequent sense of trustworthiness.AWhile Townsend and Shu looked at paper reports, the same logic applies to Web sites.BIn essence, they were asked to come up with a valuation of the company based on the information contained in

22、the annual report.CWhen it comes to user assessments of design, function follows form.DSo far, the evidence suggests that the look of a site is highly correlated with our ratings of trust, a phenomenon often referred to as “the halo effect”. (光环效应)EAnd this pattern doesnt apply to other aspects.FBut

23、 thats not what happened.（2023上海高三一模）Japanese and American Comic Book HeroesTo some people, the idea of reading comic books seem childish. _13_ Comics are published globally, but Japanese and American versions dominate the market despite factor perhaps becausethey differ in a number of ways._14_ Ame

24、rican comics are a group effort, beginning with the story-writing team and the artist who produces drawings of initial ideas. When these drafts are finalized, the outlines, dialogue, and color are added. Also, creators of comic superheroes sometimes sell their titles to other creative teams, who kee

25、p the superhero “alive”. This is in sharp contrast to manga(日本漫画) creators, who are often individual authors merely responsible for the storylines, dialogue, and artwork. When a manga creator decides to stop, so does the hero.Another difference is the appearance of the heroes. _15_Also, manga heroes

26、 rarely look Japanese and the stories do not typically take place in a Japanese context. However, American comic heroes, despite their masks, are proudly American and are admired for their readiness to defend U.S. cities.Probably the biggest difference is the readership. Up until the 1950s, American

27、 comic books were read by both children and adults, with poplar titles such as Superman selling as many as half a million copies per month. The arrival of TV, however, led to a decline in sales so that now the average reader of an American comic book is a teenage boy with an interest in superheroes.

28、 _16_ There manga sales are still booming, reaching as high as 7 billion dollars each year largely because readers range from young boys and girls up to middle-aged men and women. Manga for men and boys, like the American comics, tend to be action-oriented, while manga for women and girls tend to be

29、 focused on relationships.AThe two types of comics are created in very different ways.BBut for people who love comic books, they can be a fantastic escape from the tough realities of modem life.CThey find it hard to understand why comic books appeal to so many people.DComics have lost its charm in A

30、merica.EIn Japan, the contrast couldnt be greater.FManga heroes look smaller, younger than all-conquering American heroes who have large muscles and lots of themed clothes.（2023上海高三一模）What Would Happen if the World Suddenly Went Vegetarian?People become vegetarians for a variety of reasons. Some do

31、it to make animal suffering less severe, others because they want to pursue a healthier lifestyle. Still others wish to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. _17_ And the more who make the switch, the more those benefits would appear on a global scale.Andrew Jarvis and other experts at Colombias Internat

32、ional Centre for Tropical Agriculture carried out researches to see what might happen if meat dropped off the planets menu overnight.First, they examined climate change. Food production accounts for one-quarter to one-third of all greenhouse gas emissions from human activities worldwide, and the wor

33、st responsibility for those numbers falls to the livestock industry. _18_ In the US, for example, an average family of four produces more greenhouse gases because of the meat they eat than from driving two cars but it is cars, not steaks, that regularly come up in discussions about global warming._1

34、9_ Of the worlds approximately 12 billion acres of agricultural land, 68% is devoted to livestock. Should we all go vegetarian, ideally we would give at least 80% of that pastureland (牧场) to the restoration of grasslands and forests, which would capture carbon and further relieve climate change.The

35、remaining 10 to 20% of former pastureland could be used for growing more crops to fill gaps in the food supply. _20_ Thats because one-third of the land currently used for crops is given to producing food for livestocknot for humans.AClear solutions already exist for reducing greenhouse gas emission

36、s.BDespite this, how our dietary choices affect climate change is often underestimated.CFood, especially livestock, also takes up a lot of room.DIn developed countries, vegetarianism would bring all sorts of environmental and health benefits.ENo matter how much their meat-loving friends might deny i

37、t, vegetarians have a point: cutting out meat delivers multiple benefits.FThough a relatively small increase in agricultural land, this would more than make up for the loss of meat.（2023上海崇明高三一模）In 1969, when Neil Armstrong first landed on the Moon, many people thought soon we would be regularly vis

38、iting other planets. This is clearly not the case. The reality is that space exploration is extremely difficult and dangerous. Some people believe it is a waste of the public purse and does nothing to improve our lives. Why do we continue to explore space, then?_21_ From the very early days of human

39、 life on the Earth, our curiosity about the unknown has kept us adventuring into new places. While space exploration is a reality, we remain curious about the mysteries of the universe. With each space mission comes greater insight, thus motivating us to continue along the same path of adventure.Wit

40、h technologies developed for space exploration, we can solve some big problems facing mankind, making our lives safer and easier._22_ Originally applied to the space shuttle launch, they have also been set up in the cities with a high frequency of earthquakes to protect buildings and save lives.Alth

41、ough space exploration demands huge investment, it can actually bring great economic value. The global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year. _23_ Jobs in the space industry go far beyond the astronauts. There are many support staff on the ground, such as engineers and resear

42、ch assistants.Moreover, the amazing work can provide education and inspiration for the next generation. Such wonders as a space shuttle launch or astronauts walking on the Moon are incredibly inspiring to witness. These moments shape childrens lives forever and motivate them to become the scientists

43、 and engineers of the future. _24_AThese scientific and technological advances can benefit societies in many areas.BIt is in our nature to explore.CThe universe is too mysterious to explore.DOne of these is earthquake shock absorbers.EIt can also provide a variety of career opportunities.FWhen youve

44、 seen a man walk on the Moon, you grow up believing anything is possible!（2022上海黄浦高三一模）Like many other small boys, I was fascinated by cars, especially because my oldest brother was a bit of a car guy and subscribed to cool magazines like Car and Driver and Motor Trend.Every so often, one of those m

45、agazines would run an article on the “Cars of the Future”. _25_ Yet, frankly, my car doesnt do anything that my brothers Studebaker didnt do. It goes, it stops, it burns gasoline. I still have to steer it, and it still runs into things if I dont steer it carefully.But guess what? _26_ It may not bur

46、n gasoline, I may not have to steer it, and it may be a lot better at not running into things._27_ In fact, considering the recent news about people occasionally being killed by their airbags in low-speed crashes, they obviously still need some development. But they arent going away, and in fact, yo

47、u can expect to see cars appearing with additional, side-impact airbags, something some European car manufacturers already offer.Better than systems to minimize injury in the event of an accident, however, are systems that minimize the likelihood of an accident happening in the first place ? Future

48、cars may be able to remove many of the major causes of accidents, including drunk-driving, and tailgating (与前车距离过近) . Cars could be equipped with sensors that can detect alcohol in a drivers system and prevent the car from being started, for example. As early as next year, youll be able to buy cars

49、with radar-equipped control systems. If the radar determines youre closing too quickly with the car in front, it will ease up on the throttle (油门). Scientists are now working on a system that can brake, accelerate and steer a vehicle down a highway on its own. _28_AWill cars eventually be able to dr

50、ive themselves ?BMagazine featuring future cars sell especially well.CAirbags arent the be-all and end-all in safety.DCrazy fans look forward to the launch of future cars.EAll of these things are likely to change in the not-so-distant future.FThey featured unconventional things like small nuclear re

51、actors as power sources.（2022上海奉贤统考一模）At a Loss for WordsImagine a friend is heading out to face a difficult task. As a last word before they disappear, you want to encourage them. What might you say? If you are speaking English, the likeliest choice is “good luck”. If you stop to think about it, th

52、at is a little odd. Though you might indeed hope luck smiles on your friend, neither they nor you can do much about the probability. _29_ That is why the French, in this situation, say “bon courage”, not “good luck”.English does not allow you to pair any old adjective with any old noun in a fixed ex

53、pression. You may wish someone “good morning”, “good afternoon” or “good night”, but not “good weekend”. _30_ However, in other languages it is perfectly usual._31_ English-speakers wish each other a happy birthday, but speakers of many other languages say “congratulations” as if the birthday girl h

54、ad done something impressive merely by surviving another year. The Dutch also say “gefeliciteerd” to members of the family, including the one who really deserves congratulating: the mother. This is close to obligatory(义务的)，while it would come as a strange surprise in English. It is tempting to draw

55、deep cultural conclusions from the presence of this or the absence of that in a language. _32_ For example, the English do say the typical French words bon voyage and bon apptit, and theres no reason to stop there. Congratulate your mother-in-law on your wifes birthday, and you can prepare for a del

56、ighted smile back. It may seem awkward or tricky at first but you can make it stick if you try.ASpecial occasions are another way in which languages differ.BIt is natural to be critical of languages that lack expressions you think necessary.CWhat you really want to wish them is courage not fortune.D

57、Having no English equivalent is annoying for those who are used to it.EYou can say that phrase if you like, but your neighbour would look at you strangely.FBut not having a word for something doesnt mean you cant coin oneor borrow it.（2022上海金山统考一模）I Am Not a RobotAn annoyance, an important security

58、feature, an uncomfortable request: however you feel about being asked to prove you are not a robot, it has become a daily occurrence for most of us, but perhaps not one we would miss if it were to suddenly go away.A new feature in the latest versions of iOS and macOS, Apples operating systems for sm

59、artphones and computers, promises to give the boot to “captchas” once and for all. _33_“Sometimes a captcha is just a button to press,” said Apple engineer Tommy Pauly. “But other times it can be a challenge to fill out.”The term captcha is in fact an acronym (首字母缩略词) for“completely automated public

60、 Turing test (图灵测试) to tell computers and humans apart.” To help stop fraud (欺诈), these little tests often pop up when youre signing up for or onto a website._34_ If you get it wrong, it may ask you to start again, leading you to wonder if you really know what a traffic light looks likeor if you mig

61、ht really be a robot after all.But captchas are now fast becoming unusable, making the Internet a wasteland of difficult puzzles. Users must struggle to do the most basic things. “Weve literally all found ourselves at one time or another complaining: Those were all the pictures with traffic lights,”

62、 said Effie Le Moignan, a researcher in social computing at Newcastle University.Internet users struggle to tell the difference between a wear of paint on a sidewalk and a formalized crosswalk thats often requested in a traditional captcha, and worry that one wrong answer may lock them out of an acc

63、ount. _35_“You likely dont enjoy being interrupted by these,” said Apples Tommy Pauly. “I certainly dont. The reason these experiences exist is to prevent dishonest activity. If you run a server, you dont want it to be defeated by fraud. _36_”The company worked with Fastly and Cloudflare to build th

64、e new feature. It works by allowing your device to send a statement confirming it is being used by a human to the requesting website.AThis is becoming a bigger issue as captchas have grown increasingly confusing.BTherefore, when faced with something really confusing, many people simply give up.CMost

65、 attempts to create accounts or to buy products come from common users, but some attempts can also come from attackers.DCalled “automatic confirmation,” the technology will allow sites to confirm you are not a robot without you having to do anything at all.EThese tests may ask you to spot all the tr

66、affic lights in a picture or to type out some special letters and numbers.FAlthough the service is tied to Apples iCloud network, the requesting site will not receive any personal information about the user or their device.（2022上海静安统考一模）Recently, theres been a lot of talk in U.S. about the “data pro

67、blem.” It ought to give the “datadriven” school reformers pause to reconsider. Maybe we are just creating a bubble that too will burst if we continue to base our actions on the belief that only scores on standardized instruments are evidence of success._37_ Margo, a famous commenter, states that at

68、least tests are more “reliable” than professional judgment. How can she tell? We want a nation of citizens who are less ready to think that the “truth” can only be captured in one of four answersa, b, c, or d. _38_ But how can the general trend guarantee the reliability of the score of one particula

69、r test-taker? Some educator dares to replace these tests with professional human judgments, which must still rest on a numerical rank order based on a, b, c and d. The big problem is that there is often no technical assurance for the reliability of such exams. No wonder many big-name psychologists a

70、void them.All “reliability” tells us is that the student would get a similar score on a similar test if given at another time or place. But all scores on old or new tests have measurement errors. Like Wall Streets numbers, we have no independent basis for relying on these scores. Likewise, validity

71、is in the eye of a certain standard of judgments. How ridiculous it is to say for sure that these judgments are justified!When some parents told me that their children seemed to read well, but scored poorly, they often believed the indirect evidence, test score, and not the direct evidence, listenin

72、g to their children read. Some parents had been trained to distrust judgment and rely on “real evidence”. My own 8-year-old son also used to “fail” a 3rd grade reading test even though I “knew” he could read fluently. _39_We need schools that “train” our judgment, which help us become adults who are

73、 in the habit of bringing judgment to bear on complex phenomenon. _40_ It also involves acknowledging that even experts must live with a substantial degree of uncertainty. Only in this way, can we, to some extent, rely on the results of the school education in the U.S.AEven the technical meaning of

74、“good tests” is open to question.BIts when I became a test doubter.CDifferent groups of people fit different test patterns.DOn all achievement tests, were promised beforehand a population that fits a normal curve (曲线).EThis includes judging which expertise to “trust” and defending such choices.FTime

75、 spent on standardized tests is, in many cases, equal to that on study.参考答案：1C2A3F4E【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要通过举例子的方式描述了一些人不分场合，时间，地点的随意讲一些本该私下交流的事情，最终可能会导致严重的后果。1上文“Maybe my friends thought a little less of me, maybe they thought I was an idiot, but no real harm was done.”（可能我的朋友会看轻我，可能他们认为我很傻，但对我并没有实质的伤害）说明我

76、的举动虽然尴尬，但没有实质性害处。结合下文Gerald Ratner的例子，说明他在公开场合不合宜的言论给他的公司带来实质性的损害。故C项“The same is not true for everyone, particularly if you are famous.”（这样的结果并不适用每一个人，尤其是当你是名人的时候。）承上启下，符合句意。故选C项。2下文“Ratner had to resign as director and shortly afterwards the company was taken over by a competitor.”（Ratner不得不辞去董事长的

77、职位，不久他的公司就被竞争对手接管了。）可知，他在公开场合不合宜的言论导致了他的破产。A项“Unsurprisingly, when his customers heard about the jokes they didnt see the funny side and the share price of the company crashed.”（不幸的是，当他的客户听到他的玩笑后，他们看到的不是事情有趣的一面，公司股票价格也随之一落千丈。）表明了客户听到他的言论后的反应，最终导致了Ratner的辞职。故选A项。3上文“In some ways, Ratner could be seen

78、 as unfortunate in that he was in a semi-private meeting with friends and colleagues he was at ease with, but there happened to be a journalist there. ”（从某种程度看，Ratner不幸的原因在于他参加的是一个半私密的会议，有相处融洽的朋友和同事，但是碰巧还有记者。）说明Ratner不幸的原因是在记者面前谈论了私密的事情，记者会把这些公之于众。故F项“As a result, what was private suddenly became pu

79、blic.”（结果，私密的事突然变成了公开使事。）说明了记者在场的后果，符合句意。故选F项。4上文“For example, a group of flight attendants made jokes about the engines on their planes failing and complained about their airline and clients”（举例来说，一群乘务员开玩笑说飞机引擎坠落了，抱怨他们的航行和客户。）说明乘务员在公开谈论不合宜的事情，与E项“This is the kind of thing many people might do priva

80、tely when they get together with colleagues after work.”（对于在这种事情，许多人会在下班之后聚在一起私下交流。）中“This is the kind of thing”形成照应，并给出了应对这样的事情的正确办法，符合题意。故选E项。5E6F7A8C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何进行乌托邦式的思考。5根据后句“Throughout history, many significant milestonesdemocracy, the elimination of slavery, equal rights for men and

81、 womenbegan as utopian dreams.(纵观历史，许多重要的里程碑民主、废除奴隶制、男女权利平等都始于乌托邦的梦想。)”可知，历史上许多不寻常的想法都始于乌托邦的梦想，所以不要低估这些不寻常的想法。所以选择项E“Dont underestimate the power of unusual Ideas.(不要低估不寻常想法的力量。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。6根据后句“A sensationalistic daily news cycle can restrict your ability to see the world as anything but dangerou

82、s, violent and mean. (每日耸人听闻的新闻循环会限制你看待世界的能力，让你看不到危险、暴力和卑鄙。)”可知，作者建议要少读新闻。所以选择项F“To envision something novel, read more history and less news. (为了想象一些新奇的东西，多读历史，少读新闻。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。7根据前句“In Act, that kind of “dont worry, everything will work out” view can lead to self-content.(在行动中，这种“别担心，一切都会解决”的观点会

83、导致自我满足。)”和后文“To be Utopian takes grand ambitious thinking. But when it comes to implementing these ideas into policies and practice, Bregam suggests a humble and careful approach. (要成为乌托邦主义者，需要有宏伟的雄心壮志。但当涉及到将这些想法落实到政策和实践中时，布雷甘建议采取谦逊而谨慎的方法。)”可知，这里介绍行动时应具有的态度。所以选择项A“Instead, be hopeful in a way that m

84、oves you toward action.(相反，抱着希望去行动吧。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。8根据后句“Dystopias (反面乌托邦的）tend to be much better entertainment,” Bregman says. (“反乌托邦往往是更好的娱乐，”布雷格曼说。)”可知，这里与反乌托邦有关。所以选择项C“You can be a utopian and still enjoy dystopian fictional narratives.(你可以是一个乌托邦，但仍然享受反乌托邦的虚构叙事。)”符合上下文语境。选择项中的dystopian与后句中的Dystop

85、ias相一致。故选C。9B10F11A12D【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究者发现美学影响我们的投资决策，公司年度报告的外观会影响受试者对公司股价的估计，相同的逻辑也适用于网页。9根据前文“the subjects were asked to estimate the lowest acceptable selling price for shares of the company(受试者被要求估计该公司股票的最低可接受售价)”可知，此处是指对公司股票的估价，所以选项B“本质上，他们被要求根据年报中的信息对公司进行估值。”切合文意。故选B。10根据前文“If investors were rati

86、onal agents, then the look of the report shouldnt have mattered they should be responding only to its content.(如果投资者是理性的代理人，那么报告的外观就不重要了他们应该只对报告的内容做出回应。)”和后文“Townsend and Shu found that subjects given the prettier document insisted on an average selling price of $327.01 per share. Those shown less p

87、retty document, meanwhile, concluded that the companys shares were worth only $162.41. This research suggests that the design of the annual report can significantly influence our sense of value.(Townsend和Shu发现，给了更漂亮文件的受试者坚持每股327.01美元的平均售价。与此同时，那些显示的文件并不那么漂亮，他们得出的结论是，该公司的股票价值仅为162.41美元。这项研究表明，年度报告的设计

88、可以显著影响我们的价值感。)”可知，此处是指事实并不像前文中提到的那样，所以选项F“但事实并非如此。”切合文意。故选F。11根据后文“In recent years, scientists have also looked at how aesthetics impacts our perceptions of trust. Do we find prettier Web sites more trustworthy?(近年来，科学家还研究了美学如何影响我们的信任感。我们是否发现更漂亮的网站更值得信赖？)”可知，此处是指相同的逻辑也适用于网页，所以选项A“尽管汤森和舒研究的是纸质报告，同样的逻

89、辑也适用于网站。”切合文意。故选A。12根据后文“In a paper, researchers showed that our first impressions of a Web site they showed subjects screen shots for fifty milliseconds, which is too fast for conscious awareness shaped our subsequent sense of trustworthiness.(在一篇论文中，研究人员表明，我们对网站的第一印象他们向受试者展示了50毫秒的屏幕截图，这对于有意识的意识来说太

90、快了塑造了我们随后的可信度。)”可知，此处是指网站的外观与我们的信任度高度相关，所以选项D“到目前为止，证据表明网站的外观与我们的信任度高度相关，这一现象通常被称为“光环效应”。”切合文意。故选D。13B14A15F16E【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本漫画和美国漫画的区别。13根据前句“To some people, the idea of reading comic books seem childish.(对一些人来说，看漫画书的想法似乎很幼稚。)”可知，前文讲述看漫画书被认为很幼稚，后文“Comics are published globally, but Japanese

91、 and American versions dominate the market despite factor perhaps becausethey differ in a number of ways.(漫画在全球范围内出版，但日本和美国的版本主导着市场，尽管事实上也许是因为它们在许多方面有所不同。)”讲述漫画全球出版，说明被人喜欢，前后为转折关系，因此推断空处讲述喜欢漫画书，所以选择项B“But for people who love comic books, they can be a fantastic escape from the tough realities of mod

92、em life.(但是对于喜欢漫画书的人来说，漫画书是对现代生活中艰难现实的一种奇妙的逃避。)”符合上下文语境，喜欢漫画不是幼稚，而是对现实的逃避。故选B。14根据后文“American comics are a group effort, beginning with the story-writing team and the artist who produces drawings of initial ideas. When these drafts are finalized, the outlines, dialogue, and color are added. Also, cr

93、eators of comic superheroes sometimes sell their titles to other creative teams, who keep the superhero “alive”. This is in sharp contrast to manga(日本漫画) creators, who are often individual authors merely responsible for the storylines, dialogue, and artwork. When a manga creator decides to stop, so

94、does the hero. (美国漫画是一个团队的作品，首先是故事写作团队，然后是把最初的想法画出来的艺术家。当这些草稿最终确定后，大纲、对话和颜色就添加进去了。此外，漫画超级英雄的创作者有时会把他们的作品卖给其他创作团队，让超级英雄“活着”。这与日本漫画创作者形成了鲜明的对比，漫画创作者通常只是负责故事情节、对话和美术作品的个人作者。当漫画创作者决定停止创作时，英雄也会停止。)”可知，本段主要介绍美国漫画和日本漫画创作之间的区别。所以选择项A“The two types of comics are created in very different ways. (这两种类型的漫画创作方式非

95、常不同。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。15根据前句“Another difference is the appearance of the heroes. (另一个不同是英雄的外观。)”和后文“Also, manga heroes rarely look Japanese and the stories do not typically take place in a Japanese context. However, American comic heroes, despite their masks, are proudly American and are admired for the

96、ir readiness to defend U.S. cities.(此外，漫画英雄很少长得像日本人，故事通常也不是发生在日本的背景下。然而，美国漫画英雄尽管戴着面具，但他们是自豪的美国人，并因他们随时准备保卫美国城市而受到钦佩。)”可知，这里介绍日本和美国漫画英雄的外观形象的不同。由also可知，空处介绍日本漫画英雄的外表，所以选择项F“Manga heroes look smaller, younger than all-conquering American heroes who have large muscles and lots of themed clothes. (日本漫画英

97、雄看起来更小，比所有征服的美国英雄都年轻，他们有着巨大的肌肉和大量的主题服装。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。16根据前文“Up until the 1950s, American comic books were read by both children and adults, with poplar titles such as Superman selling as many as half a million copies per month. The arrival of TV, however, led to a decline in sales so that now the av

98、erage reader of an American comic book is a teenage boy with an interest in superheroes. (直到20世纪50年代，美国的漫画书还深受儿童和成人的喜爱，超人等热门漫画每月的销量高达50万册。然而，电视的出现导致了销量的下降，所以现在美国漫画书的平均读者是对超级英雄感兴趣的十几岁的男孩。)”和后文“There manga sales are still booming, reaching as high as 7 billion dollars each year largely because readers

99、 range from young boys and girls up to middle-aged men and women. Manga for men and boys, like the American comics, tend to be action-oriented, while manga for women and girls tend to be focused on relationships.(日本的漫画销售仍然很火爆，每年高达70亿美元，这主要是因为读者从年轻的男孩和女孩到中年男人和女人。针对男性和男孩的漫画，就像美国漫画一样，倾向于以动作为导向，而针对女性和女孩

100、的漫画则倾向于关注人际关系。)”可知，上下文介绍了美国漫画和日本漫画在读者方面的反差。所以选择项E“In Japan, the contrast couldnt be greater. (在日本，这种反差再大不过了。)”符合上下文语境，引出对日本漫画读者的介绍。故选E。17E18B19C20F【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如果世界上的人都吃素，会发生什么呢?17根据上文“People become vegetarians for a variety of reasons. Some do it to make animal suffering, others because they

101、 want to pursue a healthier lifestyle.(人们成为素食者的原因有很多。有些人这样做是为了让动物受苦，另一些人是因为他们想追求更健康的生活方式。)”以及下文“And the more who make the switch, the more those perks would manifest on a global scale.(而且，转换的人越多，所获得的好处在全球范围内越明显。)”可知，本段讲述的是吃素食的好处。所以选择项E“No matter how much their meat-loving friends might deny it, vege

102、tarians have a point: cutting out meat delivers multiple benefits.(不管他们的食肉朋友们有多大的拒绝，素食者有一个观点：切断肉可以带来多种好处。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。18根据上文“First, they examined climate change. Food production accounts for one-quarter to one-third of all greenhouse gas emissions from human activities worldwide, and the worst resp

103、onsibility for those numbers falls to the livestock industry. (首先，他们研究了气候变化。粮食生产占全世界人类活动温室气体排放量的四分之一至三分之一，而对这些排放量最坏的责任落在畜牧业身上。)”和下文“In the US, for example, an average family of four produces more greenhouse gases because of the meat they eat than from driving two cars but it is cars, not steaks, tha

104、t regularly come up in discussions about global warming.(例如，在美国，一个四口之家因食用肉类而产生的温室气体比开两辆车产生的温室气体还要多但在有关全球变暖的讨论中，经常出现的是汽车，而不是牛排。)”可知，人们低估了饮食的选择对气候变化的影响。所以选择项B“Despite this, how our dietary choices affect climate change is often underestimated. (尽管如此，我们的饮食选择如何影响气候变化往往被低估。)”符合上下文语境。故选 B。19根据下文“Of the wo

105、rlds approximately 12 billion acres of agricultural land, 68% is used for livestock. Should we all go vegetarian, ideally we would give at least 80% of that pastureland (牧场) to the restoration of grasslands and forests, which would capture carbon and further relieve climate change. (在全球约120亿英亩的农业用地中

106、，68%用于畜牧业。如果我们都成为素食主义者，理想情况下，我们将至少80%的牧场用于恢复草原和森林，这将捕获碳，进一步缓解气候变化。)” 可知，本段讲述的是用来养殖家禽家畜的土地占比太大,因此如果吃素食的话，那么这些土地可以恢复为绿地与森林进而可以缓解气候变化。所以选择项C“Food, especially livestock, also takes up a lot of room. (食物，尤其是牲畜，也占据很大的空间。)”符合上下文语境。故选 C。20根据上文“The remaining 10to 20% of former pastureland could be used for g

107、rowing more crops to fill gaps in the food supply.(剩下的10%到20%的以前的牧场可以用来种植更多的作物来填补粮食供应的缺口。)”以及下文“Thats because one-third of the land currently used for crops is dedicated to producing food for livestock-not for humans.(这是因为目前三分之一的农作物用地是专门为牲畜而非人类生产食物的。)”可知，空格后的句子讲述了原因,即当前1/3的土地种植的庄稼是给饲养的动物吃的。所以选择项F“Th

108、ough a relatively small increase in agricultural land, this would more than make up for the loss of meat. (虽然农业用地的增加相对较小，但这足以弥补肉类的损失。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。21B22D23E24F【导语】这是一篇说明文，分别从人类天性、科技发展、经济价值等方面讲述了尽管探索太空充满危机，但我们仍要探索太空的原因。21根据后文“From the very early days of human life on the Earth, our curiosity about th

109、e unknown has kept us adventuring into new places. While space exploration is a reality, we remain curious about the mysteries of the universe. With each space mission comes greater insight, thus motivating us to continue along the same path of adventure.(从人类在地球上出现的最早期开始，我们对未知的好奇心促使我们不断探索新的地方。虽然太空探索

110、已成为现实，但我们仍对宇宙的奥秘充满好奇。每一次太空任务都会带来更大的洞察力，从而激励我们继续沿着同一条冒险之路前进)”可知，本段主要说明了人类从诞生之时便对周围事物充满好奇，每次太空探索都能带来更大的好奇。因此，这一段讲述的是人类天性就爱探索，故B选项“探索是我们的天性”符合语境，故选B。22根据上文“With technologies developed for space exploration, we can solve some big problems facing mankind, making our lives safer and easier.(随着太空探索技术的发展，我们

111、可以解决人类面临的一些大问题，使我们的生活更安全、更容易)”以及后文“Originally applied to the space shuttle launch, they have also been set up in the cities with a high frequency of earthquakes to protect buildings and save lives.(它们最初用于航天飞机发射，现在也被设置在地震频发的城市，以保护建筑物和拯救生命)”可知，空前说，我们可以解决一些人类面临的重大问题，空后提及地震频发的城市，故本句是在说明解决地震问题的方法。故D选项“其中

112、之一是地震减震器”符合语境，故选D。23根据上文“Although space exploration demands huge investment, it can actually bring great economic value. The global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year.(虽然太空探索需要巨大的投资，但它实际上可以带来巨大的经济价值。全球太空经济每年以数十亿美元的速度增长)”以及后文“Jobs in the space industry go far beyond the ast

113、ronauts. There are many support staff on the ground, such as engineers and research assistants.(航天行业的工作远不止宇航员。地面上有许多支持人员，如工程师和研究助理)”可知，空前说，太空探索可以带来巨大的经济价值，空后说，空间工业的工作岗位有很多，所以这里说的是，在太空提供了很多就业机会，故E选项“它还可以提供各种职业机会”符合语境，故选E。24根据上文“Moreover, the amazing work can provide education and inspiration for the

114、next generation. Such wonders as a space shuttle launch or astronauts walking on the Moon are incredibly inspiring to witness. These moments shape childrens lives forever and motivate them to become the scientists and engineers of the future.(此外，惊人的工作可以为下一代提供教育和灵感。像航天飞机发射或宇航员在月球上行走这样的奇迹是令人难以置信的鼓舞人心的

115、见证。这些时刻将永远影响孩子们的生活，激励他们成为未来的科学家和工程师)”可知，空前说，航天飞机发射和在月球上行走塑造了孩子们的生活，激励他们成为未来的科学家和工程师，这里在写对未来的展望，故F选项“当你看到人类在月球上行走时，你会相信一切皆有可能！”符合语境，故选F。25F26E27C28A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了未来汽车的一些特点。25根据上文“Every so often, one of those magazines would run an article on the “Cars of the Future”.( 每隔一段时间，这些杂志就会刊登一篇关于“未来汽车”的文

116、章)”可知，本句承接上文继续说明这些文章的内容，且F中的They代指前面的cars of the future。故F选项“他们采用了非常规的东西，比如小型核反应堆作为动力来源”符合语境，故选F。26根据上文“But guess what?(但你猜怎么着？)”以及后文“It may not burn gasoline, I may not have to steer it, and it may be a lot better at not running into things.(它可能不烧汽油，我可能不需要驾驶它，它可能在不撞东西方面做得更好)”可知，后文主要对未来汽车的性能和特点进行了设想

117、，说明是可以实现的。故E选项“所有这些都可能在不远的将来发生改变”符合语境，故选E。27根据后文“In fact, considering the recent news about people occasionally being killed by their airbags in low-speed crashes, they obviously still need some development. But they arent going away, and in fact, you can expect to see cars appearing with additional

118、, side-impact airbags, something some European car manufacturers already offer.(事实上，考虑到最近关于人们偶尔在低速碰撞中被安全气囊杀死的新闻，它们显然还需要一些发展。但它们不会消失，事实上，你可以期待看到汽车出现额外的侧面碰撞安全气囊，一些欧洲汽车制造商已经提供了这种气囊)”可知，后文提到了人们偶尔在低速碰撞中被安全气囊杀死的新闻，说明安全气囊并不能完全保证安全。故C选项“安全气囊并不是安全的全部”符合语境，故选C。28根据上文“Scientists are now working on a system tha

119、t can brake, accelerate and steer a vehicle down a highway on its own.(科学家们目前正在研究一种能够在高速公路上自动刹车、加速和驾驶车辆的系统)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，应对上文进行总结，且空格前面的内容其实代表的是autonomous driving，即自动驾驶，故A选项“汽车最终会自动驾驶吗？”符合语境，故选A。29C30E31A32F【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对比了语言之间的区别，例如在给人加油鼓劲时和过生日时，各个语言说的话反应出了不同的文化背景。29下文“That is why the French, in t

120、his situation, say “bon courage”, not “good luck”.(这就是为什么法国人在这种情况下说“要有勇气”，而不是“祝你好运”)”提到法国人常说“bon courage”，指的是要有勇气，表示鼓励、加油等含义，关键词为courage“勇气”，空处位于段中，为承上启下，也需要提到courage。C项“你真正想祝福他们的是勇气而不是好运。”中courage为原词复现。故选C项。30上文“English does not allow you to pair any old adjective with any old noun in a fixed expre

121、ssion. You may wish someone “good morning”, “good afternoon” or “good night”, but not “good weekend”.(英语不允许你在固定表达中把任何旧形容词和任何旧名词搭配在一起。你可能会对某人说“早上好”、“下午好”或“晚安”，但不是“周末好”)”提到英文中的表达习惯；下文“However, in other languages it is perfectly usual.(然而，在其他语言中这是非常常见的。)”对上文内容进行转折，表示在其他语言中说“周末好”等是很常见的现象。由此推知，空处应该表达上文提到

122、的事情是不常见的。E项“如果你愿意，你可以说那句话，但是你的邻居会奇怪地看着你。”符合逻辑，因为所提事情不常见，所以如果你违反英文表达习惯说英语，你的邻居会用奇怪的眼神看着你。故选E项。31空处为本段主旨句，起总述作用。下文“English-speakers wish each other a happy birthday, but speakers of many other languages say “congratulations” as if the birthday girl had done something impressive merely by surviving ano

123、ther year.(说英语的人互相祝对方生日快乐，但说其他许多语言的人说“祝贺”，好像寿星女仅仅是又活了一年就做了什么了不起的事似的。)”提到一个特定场合生日，所以本段主要内容为不同语言在特定的场合下的不同之处。A项“特殊场合下的语言又会有其他的不同之处。”符合段意。故选A项。32下文“For example, the English do say the typical French words bon voyage and bon apptit, and theres no reason to stop there.(例如，英国人确实会说典型的法语单词bon voyage和bon app

124、tit，而且没有理由在那里停下来。)”提到英国人有时会借鉴法语单词，由此可以推出，有时候我们可以借用外国的词汇。F项“但是没有表达某事的词并不意味着你不能创造一个词或者借用一个词。”符合前后逻辑。故选F项。33D34E35B36C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了互联网用户非常厌烦被要求证明自己不是机器人和为什么互联网用户会被要求证明自己不是机器人，以及苹果推出一个新功能改善体验。33根据前文“A new feature in the latest versions of iOS and macOS, Apples operating systems for smartphones and

125、computers, promises to give the boot to “captchas” once and for all.(苹果智能手机和电脑操作系统iOS和macOS最新版本的一项新功能承诺将一劳永逸地启动“验证码”)”，可推知，此处对新功能介绍的并不详细，所以空处是对这个功能的进一步说明，D项“Called “automatic confirmation,” the technology will allow sites to confirm you are not a robot without you having to do anything at all.(这项技术被

126、称为“自动确认”，无需你做任何事情，网站就能确认你不是机器人。)”符合文意，是对这个功能的进一步说明。故选D项。34根据后文“If you get it wrong, it may ask you to start again, leading you to wonder if you really know what a traffic light looks likeor if you might really be a robot after all.(如果你弄错了，它可能会让你重新开始，让你怀疑你是否真的知道红绿灯的样子或者你是否真的是个机器人)”可知，可推知，前文是在讲做测试，做错了

127、会有什么后果，所以E项“These tests may ask you to spot all the traffic lights in a picture or to type out some special letters and numbers.(这些测试可能会要求你找出图片中所有的红绿灯，或者输入一些特殊的字母和数字)”符合文意。故选E项。35根据前文“Internet users struggle to tell the difference between a wear of paint on a sidewalk and a formalized crosswalk that

128、s often requested in a traditional captcha, and worry that one wrong answer may lock them out of an account.(互联网用户很难分辨人行道上油漆的磨损和传统通行证中经常要求的正式人行横道之间的区别，并担心一个错误的答案可能会让他们无法登录)”可推知，空处应是对此句话下结论，所以B项“Therefore, when faced with something really confusing, many people simply give up.(因此，当面对一些真正令人困惑的事情时，许多人就

129、放弃了)”符合文意。故选B项。36根据前文“I certainly dont. The reason these experiences exist is to prevent dishonest activity. If you run a server, you dont want it to be defeated by fraud.(我肯定不喜欢。这些体验存在的原因是为了防止不诚实的行为。如果您运行一个服务器，您不希望它被欺诈打败)”此处属于引用他人说的话，话还未说完，可推知，空处应该是对这些体验存在原因进一步解释，所以C项“Most attempts to create accoun

130、ts or to buy products come from common users, but some attempts can also come from attackers.(大多数创建账户或购买产品的尝试都来自普通用户，但也有一些尝试来自攻击者)”符合文意。故选C项。37A38D39B40E【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是什么是“好的”考试，是测试还是专业判断。37空前说“Maybe we are just creating a bubble that too will burst if we continue to base our actions on the belie

131、f that only scores on standardized instruments are evidence of success.(也许我们只是在制造一个泡沫，如果我们继续把我们的行动建立在只有在标准化工具上的分数才是成功的证据的信念上，这个泡沫也会破裂。)”，因此到底什么才算是好的考试是值得让人质疑的，A选项“Even the technical meaning of “good tests” is open to question.(甚至“好的测试”的技术意义也是存有疑问的。)”说明了什么才算是好的考试是值得让人质疑的，因此A选项承接上文，符合语境，故选A。38空前说“Marg

132、o, a famous commenter, states that at least tests are more “reliable” than professional judgment. How can she tell? We want a nation of citizens who are less ready to think that the “truth” can only be captured in one of four answersa, b, c, or d.(一位著名的评论家Margo说，至少测试比专业判断更“可靠”。她怎么知道的？我们想要的是这样一个国家，这个

133、国家的公民不太愿意认为“真相”只能在四种答案之一中得到a、b、c或d。)”，空格处应说为什么测试比专业判断更“可靠”，D选项“On all achievement tests, were promised beforehand a population that fits a normal curve (曲线).(在所有的成绩测试中，我们事先得到的承诺都是符合正常曲线的总体。)”说明了测试比专业判断更“可靠”的原因，因此D选项承接上文，符合语境，故选D。39空前说“My own 8-year-old son also used to “fail” a 3rd grade reading tes

134、t even though I “knew” he could read fluently.(我自己8岁的儿子也曾在三年级的阅读测试中“不及格”，尽管我“知道”他能流利地阅读。)”，空格处应说明作者对此的看法，作者应该会怀疑这样的考试，B选项“Its when I became a test doubter.(那是我开始怀疑考试的时候。)”说明了作者从那以后开始怀疑考试，因此B选项承接上文，符合语境，故选B。40空前说“We need schools that “train” our judgment, which help us become adults who are in the ha

135、bit of bringing judgment to bear on complex phenomenon.(我们需要学校来“训练”我们的判断力，帮助我们成为成年人，养成对复杂现象作出判断的习惯。)”，空后说“It also involves acknowledging that even experts must live with a substantial degree of uncertainty.(它还包括承认，即使是专家也必须生活在很大程度的不确定性中。)”，空格处应说“它包括什么”，E选项“This includes judging which expertise to “trust” and defending such choices.(这包括判断应该“信任”哪些专业知识，并为这些选择辩护。)”说明这包括了什么，和空后的“它还包括”相对应，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。