专题09 情景交际和主谓一致专项讲练-2023中考英语二轮复习讲练测（广东专用）.docx

1、2023中考英语二轮复习讲练测（广东专用） 专题09 情景交际和主谓一致考点一、建议、劝告及应答建议： Why not do sth.？/ Lets do sth./ Shall I / we do sth.？/ Will / Would you like do sth.？/ Will / Would you like sth ？/ How / What about doing sth？ 劝告：Youd better do sth./ Youre supposed to / should do sth./ You need (to) do sth.接受： Good idea./ That /

2、It sounds great. That / It would be very nice./ With pleasure. /Id love / like to./ Ill be glad to./ Yes， please. Certainly / Of course / Sure./ No problem. /I agree. /I think so. 拒绝：Im afraid/ I cant / Im afraid not./ I disagree./ I dont think so./ No， thanks./ Id love / like to， but / Thank you， b

3、ut 考点二、问候、介绍和告别问候： Good morning./afternoon/evening./ Hello/Hi./ How do you do./Nice to meet you./ How are you？介绍： This is / My name is 告别： Good bye./ Bye-bye. /See you (later)./ Good night.考点三、打电话请听电话：Hello. May I speake to ， please？ / Is that speaking？接电话： Hold on， please. He/ She isnt in. Can I ta

4、ke a message， please？/ Speaking.电话中介绍自己： This is 询问对方是谁： Who is that？考点四、感谢、祝愿与同情遗憾当别人帮了你或赞扬了你， 你应该表示感谢：Thank you vey much./ Thanks a lot./Many thanks./ Thanks for 当别人要去做一件事时或有喜事时，你应该表示祝愿：Good luck. /Best wishes./ Have a nice time. 当别人发生不幸的事情，应该表示同情与遗憾： What a pity！/ I am sorry to hear that.考点五、就医、就

5、餐与购物 就医：医生说的话： Whats wrong with you？/Whats the matter with you？/ How long have you been like this？ /Take this medicine three times a day./ Nothing serious. 等病人说的话：Ive got a headache/ fever/cold./ I dont feel well/ I am not feeling well./ There is something wrong with for days等。 就餐：服务员说的话： Can I help

6、 you？/ What can I do for you？/ What would you like for supper？ / Would you like something to drink？/ What else would you like？ 顾客说的话： Id like some / Give me some ， please. 等 购物：导购员说的话：Can I help you？/ What can I do for you？/ What color do you like？/ What size do you want？/ What else would you like等。

7、顾客说的话： Id like some /Give me some ， please./ How much is it/ are they？ /Ill take it./ Ill think about it.等。考点六、天气、请求帮助天气： Whats the weather like ？/ How is the weather ？/ Its sunny/rainy/cloudy/snowy . 请求帮助： Excuse me， would you mind doing sth/ Would you please do sth？考点七、问路、禁止、警告与常见标志 问路：Excuse me，

8、could you please tell me the way to /which is the way to /if there is a near here等。Go along the road./ Take the second turning on the right/left./ Go down the road to the end. /You wont miss it.等 禁止或警告别人：You cant do./ You mustnt./ You are not allowed to /If you ， you will./ Be careful./ Take care./

9、Look out. 常见标志和说明：EXIT(出口)./ NO SMOKING(禁止吸烟)./ENTRANCE(入口)./NO PARKING.(不准停车)./NO PHOTOS(不准照相) ./ DANGER(危险)./ BUSINESS HOURS(营业时间)等一、 主要考查方式单项选择题二、 主要题型1._is it from here to the train station？Its about 10 minutesbus rideAHow farBHow longCHow soon【答案】A【考点】距离（how far）2.You come to school early every

10、 day_ is it from your home to school？Its only about one kilometer（）AHow longBHow muchCHow manyDHow far【答案】D【解析】翻译：-你每天来学校很早，从你家到学校有多远？-大约1公里根据答语“Its only about one kilometer”表路程，故直接选D【考点】距离（how far）3. Our mothers birthday is coming. Do you want to buy a wallet or a scarf for her? . She just got a be

11、autiful scarf last week. A. Yes, I do B. No, I dont C. A scarf D. A wallet【答案】D【考查角度】考查情景交际。4.How was your last weekend? It rained all the weekend. I had to stay at home. A. Pretty good B. Terrible C. Not bad D. Great【答案】B 【解析】句意：上周怎么样？糟糕透了。下了一周雨。我不得不呆在家里。A相当好；B槽糕透了；C还不错；D太棒啦！根据语境，可知上周很槽糕，故选B。【考查角度】

12、考查交际用语。【典例精析】考点一、问候1. A: Hello/Hi. B: Hello/Hi.2. A: Hello. How are you? B: Im fine, thank you. How are you?A: Very well, thank you.3. A: Good morning/afternoon/evening. B: Good morning/afternoon/evening.4. A: Hi，Jim! B: Hi, Bob. Nice to see you again!5. Please say hello to your parents. Please give

13、 my best wishes to your parents.考点二、介绍1. 自我介绍：(1)A: My name is Cindy. Glad to meet you. B: Nice to meet you. My name is Frank. (2)A: Excuse me. Whats your (full) name, please? B: My name is Robert Thomas Brown. A: May I call you Robert? B: Certainly./Of course.2. 介绍他人：(1)A: This is Ms. Brown. B: How

14、 do you do？/Nice to meet you. C: My name is Alan. How do you do？/Nice to meet you， too. (2)A: This is Mr. Smith. B: Nice to meet you. C: Glad to meet you. 注：在交际场合里，介绍常常伴随着问候，可参见问候用语。考点三、告别1. 告别前，客方表示要离开的常用语：(1) Im afraid I must be going now./Im afraid I must go now. (2) I think its time for me to le

15、ave now./I think its time for us to go now. 2. 双方相互道别时的常用语：(1) Goodbye！/Byebye！/Bye!(2) See you later./See you tomorrow./See you. (3) Good night.考点四、感谢和应答1. 感谢某人：(1) Thank you./Thank you very much./Thanks./Thanks a lot.(2) Thank you for your help.(3) Its very kind/nice of you. (4) Thank you anyway/a

16、ll the same.2. 回答感谢时的答语：Its a pleasure./My pleasure./Thats OK./Thats all right./Youre welcome./Not at all.考点五、道歉和应答1. 当要麻烦别人时：(1) Excuse me. (2) I beg your pardon. 2. 当做错某事时：(1)Sorry. (2) Im sorry for(3) Im sorry that3. 回答道歉时的答语：Thats all right./Thats OK./Never mind./Its nothing./It doesnt matter.考点

17、六、邀请和应答1. 表示邀请的用语：(1) Will you come to my party?(2) Would you like to go for a walk?(3) How/What about going for a walk?2. 接受邀请时的答语：(1) Yes, Id like/love to. (2) Yes. Its very kind of you. (3) That would be nice. 3. 拒绝邀请时的答语：(1) No, thank you. (2) Id love /like to, but考点七、请求和应答1. 表请求用语：(1) May I ?(2

18、) Can/Could I ?(3) Would you mind if?2. 表肯定的答语：(1) Sure./Certainly. (2) Yes, do please. (3) Thats all right. (4) Of course，you can. 3. 表否定的答语：(1) Im afraid not. (2) Im sorry, but you mustnt/cant.(3) Youd better not.考点八、祝愿、祝贺和应答1. 祝贺用语：(1) Have a good day/time!(2) Have a good journey/trip!(3) Good lu

19、ck!(4) Enjoy yourself!(5) Best wishes to you!(6) Happy New Year!(7) Merry Christmas!(8) Happy birthday!(9) Congratulations!(10) Well done!2. 应答用语：(1) Thank you.(2) You, too.(3) The same to you. 考点九、提供帮助和应答1. 提供帮助：(1) Can I help you?(2)Would you like me to help you?(3) What can I do for you?(4) Let m

20、e help you.2. 肯定答语：(1) Yes, please./Yes, thanks. (2) Thank you (for your help). (3) That would be nice. 3. 否定答语：(1) No，thanks/thank you. (2) Thats very kind/nice of you, but I can manage it myself.考点十、约会1. 约会前询问对方有无空闲时间：Are you free this afternoon/evening/Sunday?2. 常用答语：(1) Yes，Ill be free then.(2)

21、No, I wont be free then. But Ill be free tomorrow.3. 提出约会时间、地点以征求对方意见的常用语：(1) How about tomorrow morning?(2) Shall we meet at 3：00 p. m. at the school gate?4. 常用答语：Yes，thats all right./All right, see you then.考点十一、打电话1. 打电话人常用语：(1) Hello! May/Can/Could I speak to, please?(2) Is thatspeaking？(注意：不能用A

22、re you？或Who are you？)(3) Can I leave a message?(4) Ill call back later/again.(5) Ill ring him/her up again.考点十二、就餐1. 主人常用语：(1) What would you like to have?(2) Would you like something to drink?(3) Help yourself to some chicken.(4) Would you like some more rice?2. 客人常用语：(1) Yes, Id like a drink. (2)

23、Id like rice and chicken.(3) Just a little, please.(4) Can I have some more soup?(5) Its so delicious. Thank you. (6) No, thank you. Ive had enough. (7) Im full, thank you. 考点十四、看病1. 医生诊断常用语：(1) Whats the matter？/Whats wrong with you?(2) What seems to be the trouble?(3) Do you have a fever?(4) How l

24、ong have you felt like this?(5) Its nothing serious. (6) Take this medicine three times a day.(7) Youll be all right/well soon.2. 病人叙述病情常用语：(1) I feel terrible/bad.(2) I dont feel well. (3) Ive got a cough/headache. (4) Ive got a pain here.(5) Theres something wrong with my eyes.(6) It hurts here. (

25、7) I cant sleep well. 考点十五、购物1. 售货员常用语：(1) Can/May I help you?(2) What can I do for you?(3) How many/much would you like?(4) What color/size/kind do you like/want?(5) What about this one?(6) Heres your change. 2. 顾客常用语：(1) I want/Id like to buy(for)(2) How much is it/are they?(3) May I try it on?(4)

26、 Its too big/small. (5) Sorry，its too expensive.(6) Do you have any other colors/sizes/kinds?(7) Two and a half kilos/pounds，please.(8) Thats fine. Ill take it. (9) Just have a look. (10) Well, Ill think about it.考点十六、问路和应答1. 问路用语：(1) Excuse me, where is the nearest post office?(2) Excuse me, can yo

27、u tell me the way to the post office?(3) Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest post office?(4) How far is it?(5) Which bus can I take?2. 应答：(1) Its over there.(2) Its next to the/in front of the/behind the /betweenand(3) Its about 500 meters from here.(4) Go down this street until you see the tall

28、 red building.(5) Turn right/left at the first/second crossing/corner.(6) You cant miss it. (7) You can take bus No.103.(8) Youd better take a taxi.(9) Sorry，I dont know. Im a stranger here.(10) Its about 15 minutes walk.考点十七、谈论天气1. 询问天气情况：(1) Whats the weather like today?(2) Hows the weather in Bei

29、jing?2. 陈述天气情况：(1) What a cold/hot day today!(2) Its a nice/fine/beautiful/horrible day today.(3) Its sunny/cloudy/windy/rainy/snowy/foggy.(4) Its getting cool/cold/warm/hot. 考点十八、语言交际困难Pardon？/I beg your pardon.Sorry，I cant follow you. Could you speak again/more slowly?How do you sayin English?I do

30、nt know how to say that in English.I dont know the word in English.How do you spell it, please?Im sorry I only know a little English.考点十九、提醒注意Dont forget your raincoat. Remember to lock the door. Mind your head/step!No spitting！Wet floor!Look out! Be careful!Dont touch！Its dangerous!考点二十、劝告Youd bett

31、er go to see the doctor.You should listen to and read English every day.You need to buy a ChineseEnglish dictionary.Dont rush/hurry/push.Please stand in line.考点二十一、建议Lets go and have a look. What/How about a picnic this Sunday?Why dont you buy a computer?Why not go to a movie?Shall we go this aftern

32、oon?考点二十二、态度1. 同意和不同意：(1) 表示赞同的常用语：Certainly./Sure./Of course./Yes, please./Yes, I think so./All right./OK./Thats a good idea./I agree (with you)(2) 表示不同意的常用语：No, I dont think so.Im afraid not.I really cant agree with you. (3) 表示不完全赞同的常用语：Yes, maybe./You may be right.2. 希望和愿望：I wish to see you again

33、. I hope to become a doctor. I hope it stays fine. I hope so. I hope not.3. 表扬和鼓励：(1) 表示表扬和鼓励的常用语：Very good！/Well done！/Wonderful！/Excellent！/You speak English very well！/Your dress is beautiful！/Come on！/Keep trying！/You can do it!(2) 应答：Thank you.OK，Ill try it again.考点二十三、情感1. 高兴：How wonderful/nic

34、e!Thats lovely/great/wonderful!Im happy. Its well done. Im pleased to know that.2. 满意：Good！/Well done！/Perfect！/Thats fine./Thats better./Thats good enough./Im pleased with your spoken English.3. 惊奇：Really？/Oh dear！/Is that so？/What a surprise！/How nice to see you！/How surprising！/Im surprised.4. 忧虑

35、：Whats wrong?Whats the matter?Anything wrong?What should we do?5. 恐惧：Help!How terrible!Im afraid of that dog.Im terrified of the lion.Im frightened.6. 安慰：Dont be afraid.Dont worry.Its (quite) all right.7遗憾同情：Im so sorry!Im sorry to hear that.What a pity!What a shame!Thats too bad.【易错易难】考点一、忌上词下用上词下用

36、指的是答句部分沿用了题干句子的重点词、信息词，按表层意思似乎合情合理，但往往为错误的“虚像”，需经进一步分析后才能确定正确选项。避免“上词下用”误区的方法：一是确认题目涉及的交际功能项目；二是确认句子上下文语境；三是确认正确的话语方式。例：How was your last weekend? It rained all the weekend. I had to stay at home. A. Pretty good B. Terrible C. Not bad D. Great【答案】B 【解析】句意：上周怎么样？糟糕透了。下了一周雨。我不得不呆在家里。A相当好；B槽糕透了；C还不错；D太

37、棒啦！根据语境，可知上周很槽糕，故选B。【考查角度】考查交际用语。考点二、 忌中文思维 与上词下用比较，这一误区更具迷惑力，因为无论按题目内容或是按思维方式来考虑，都非常符合中国学生的习惯。显然，掌握英汉两种语言和文化之间的相同和相异之处，对于准确解题至关重要。我们解题失误之一是按汉语的表达方式和结构去套英语、选答案，这属于语言知识的“负迁移”。 例：Our mothers birthday is coming. Do you want to buy a wallet or a scarf for her? . She just got a beautiful scarf last week.

38、 A. Yes, I do B. No, I dont C. A scarf D. A wallet【答案】D 【考查角度】考查情景交际。考点三、 忌直接回绝 这主要是指在对方要求得到帮助，提出请求或邀请时，回答过于直接，不够委婉。尽管从语义角度分析是没毛病的，但不符合英语国家的交际习惯。 “请求”方面的问话有May I？/Can I？/I wonder if I could/Do you mind if I？等；“邀请”方面的问话有Will you？/Would you like to？/Id like to invite you to等。在作否定回答时，为了表示礼貌和委婉，通常要用一些委婉

39、词，如But， Im afraid/Im sorry/Thanks等。例：Would you like to go for a walk with me? . But I have to clean the living room first. A. Yes, I would B. No, I wouldnt C. Sorry D. Yes, Id love to【答案】D【考查角度】考查情景交际。考点四、 忌答非所问 应该说答非所问的错误比较容易察觉，如果问话与答话的内容毫无相关性的话，学生可以迅速排除。有时双方的对话内容有所关联，但仔细推敲发现其实答语并不切题。最典型的例子是With pl

40、easure和Its a pleasure。前者一般在事前回答，表示“没问题；非常愿意”；后者一般在事后回答，表示“不必谢；不用客气”。 Dont eat junk food. Its bad for you._.A. Sorry, I wontB. Sure, I willC. Take it easyD. Never mind【答案】A 【解析】句意：不要吃垃圾食品了。它对你是有害的。_。A.对不起，我将不会了；B.当然可以，我将会； C.慢慢来；D. 不要紧。否定祈使句的回答应该为Sorry, I wont。【考查角度】考查交际用语。 主谓一致中考对主谓一致的考查主要包括以下三种情况：1

41、名词作主语；表示时间、长度、价格、质量等短语作主语；“the姓氏名词复数”作主语；一些以s结尾的不可数名词作主语，如news，maths；“不定代词名词”作主语，如both of，neither等。2主语后带有with，except，like，as well as等介词短语。3就近原则，如there be句型，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also等。考点一、语法一致原则语法一致即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词就用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词就用复数形式。当and连接两个或多个名词，或bothand连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Tom an

42、d Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是学生。不定代词either，neither，anybody，anyone，anything，someone，somebody，something，everyone，everybody，everything，nobody，no one，nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Is there anything wrong with your bike？你的自行车有什么毛病吗？Everyone is ready for the sports m

43、eeting.大家都在为运动会做准备。由each，eachand each，everyand every，every作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每一个男孩和每一个女孩都被给了一本新书。主语后有with，along with，together with，as well as，no less than，more than，including，besides，like，except，but等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。如：Mr.Green with his wife and tw

44、o daughters is coming to Beijing.格林先生将和他的妻子及两个女儿一块儿来北京。“a number of名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：A number of trees are cut down.许多树木被砍倒了。The number of students in our class is 32.我们班学生人数为32。“a lot of(lots of，plenty of，a pile of，piles of，most of)名词”和“分数或百分数名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形

45、式取决于名词，如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：Lots of people have been there.很多人去过那儿。由“a pair(a kind，a series)of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“pairs(kinds)of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.一副太阳镜放在桌子上。Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.每天能制作十五双鞋。某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes，t

46、rousers，shorts，pants，shoes，gloves)作主语时，谓词动词用复数形式。如：My shoes were worn out.我的鞋子穿坏了。不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Reading is learning.读书就是学习。【例】 How much _ the pair of shoes?Twenty dollars _ enough.(2017，南宁预测)Ais；is Bis；areCare；is Dare；are【答案】A【解析】the pair of shoes的中心词是pair，则谓语动词用单数；把twenty dollars看成整体，则谓语动

47、词也用单数。【例】 There _ a number of books in the library and the number of them _ increasing.(2016，烟台)Ahas；is Bhave；are Care；is Dis；are【答案】C考点二、意义一致原则意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。由and连接的两个名词，如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词)，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week.那位老师兼作家下周要

48、来给我们作报告。The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了聚会。表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词及词组作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：Three years is a long time.三年是一段很长的时间。集体名词如family，team，crowd，company，class，group，government，如果表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：My family is a small one with three p

49、eople.我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。people，police，cattle等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The police are helping a girl find her mother.警察正在帮助一个女孩找妈妈。算式中，表示加法和乘法时谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式，但表示减法和除法时谓语动词必须用单数形式。如：What is/are three times three？3乘以3是多少？【例】 There _ fortytwo students in our class last term.(2016，梧州)Ais Bare Cwas Dwere【答案】C

50、【解析】fortytwo students表示的是复数意义，则there be句型中的be动词应用复数，由句中时间状语last term可知应用be动词的过去式。【例】 _ Lily _ Lucy is going with you because one of them must stay at home.ANot only；but also BNeither；norCBoth；and DEither；or【答案】A考点三、就近原则有时谓语动词的形式与最靠近它的名词保持一致，这种原则叫做就近原则，又叫做邻近原则。由eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut(also).，

51、notbut或or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如：Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.不但我父母而且我也盼望看到我叔叔。Not only Jim but also his parents want to live in China.不仅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中国。He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。There be和Here be这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。如：There is an app

52、le and two bananas on the table.桌子上有一个苹果和两根香蕉。【例】 There _ some flowers on the teachers desk just now，but now there _ nothing on it.Ahave；has Bwere；hasCwere；is Dhas；has【答案】C【解析】第一空应根据some flowers来确定谓语动词应用复数，just now表明是一般过去时；第二空根据nothing来判断谓语动词应用单数，now表明一般现在时。二、 主要考查方式单项选择题三、 主要题型1.The twins fond of t

53、he new idea in the magazine article. A. beB. amC. isD. are【答案】D【解析】试题分析：be fond of意为“喜爱；喜欢”。由the twins可知句子的主语是两个人，故选are。 2. The number of the volunteer in our city 2，000. And sixty percent of them teachers and students. A. is;isB. is;areC. are;isD. are;are【答案】B3. Both Kate and I ready for the new hi

54、gh school life. A. amB. isC. areD. be【答案】C【解析】句意：凯特和我都为新的中学生活做好了准备。both and 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，后面的谓语动词要用复数形式，故选C。4. My sister with my parents dumplings when I got home yesterday evening. A. are makingB. is makingC. was making D. were making【答案】C5. Andy，with his parents， to Hong Kong，and they will stay th

55、ere for a week. A. have goneB. has goneC. have been D. has been【答案】B【解析】句意：安迪和他的父母已经去了香港，他们将在那里待上一个星期。“have/has been to+地点”意为“曾经去过某地”；“have/has gone to +地点”意为“已经去了某地”。从后一分句知，Andy和其父母是已经去了香港，排除C、D两项；本句的主语为第三人称单数Andy，而介词短语with his parents作伴随状语，句子谓语动词用第三人称单数。故选B。【典例精析】考点一、 意义一致意义一致就是根据句子主语的意义来确定谓语动词的单复

56、数。如：Maths is difficult for us. 数学对我们来说很难。The police are trying to search for the thief on the hill. 警察们正在山上尽力搜查小偷。例The woman behind the girls a famous actress. A. isB. areC. haveD. has【答案】：A【解析】：在本句中，句子主语为woman，所以谓语动词应用单数形式，排除B、C两项。本句为系表结构，排除D项。2. 语法一致语法一致即单数主语要用单数谓语动词，复数主语要用复数谓语动词。如：My bike is unde

57、r the tree. 我的自行车在树下。These books are old. 这些书是旧的。例The Greens dinner in the kitchen now. A. is havingB. havingC. are having【答案】：C【解析】：the Greens意为“格林一家；格林夫妇”，表复数意义，故选C。3. 就近原则就近原则即当主语被某些连词(短语)连接时，谓语动词的数与离它最近的词保持一致。如：Either my father or brother is coming. 我父亲来，要不然就是我弟弟来。Not only you but also they are

58、good students. 不仅你是好学生，而且他们也是好学生。例This is my twin sister，Lucy. Not only she but also I good at drawing. A. isB. amC. are【答案】：B考点二、并列结构作主语由and或both and连接两个名词、代词作主语，表示不同的人或事物时，句子的谓语用复数。如：John and Mike are good friends. 约翰和迈克是好朋友。Both bread and milk are good for you. 面包和牛奶对你都有好处。【注意】and连接的两个名词作主语，在意义上指

59、同一人、同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。如：The famous singer and dancer is coming to Chongqing. 那位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家要来重庆。考点三、“名词+介词短语”作主语名词或代词后接as well as，with，along with，together with，except，but等短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。She as well as other students likes playing computer games. 她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。He with his parents

60、 is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。Nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我，没人知道。考点四、不定代词作主语1. 当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Each student has a book. 每一个学生都有一本书。Either answer is correct. 两个【答案】都是正确的。Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都没有和他在一起。Every minute is imp

61、ortant to us. 每一分钟对大家都很重要。2. 当复合不定代词someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。Is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了吗? Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天没有人离开。例Now t

62、he students each an English-Chinese dictionary. A. hasB. haveC. is havingD. are having【答案】：B考点五、There be和Here be的就近原则There be和Here be 结构后面接并列名词时，谓语动词be均应与最近的名词在数上保持一致。如：There is a pen，a pencil，a knife and three books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔，一支铅笔，一把刀和三本书。Here are some flowers and a card. 这里有一些花和一张卡片。例W

63、hy are you in such a hurry，Mike? There an NBA basketball game in ten minutes. A. will haveB. will beC. is going to haveD. are going to be【答案】：B考点六、特殊名词作主语1. 国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。The United States lies to the east of China. 美国在中国的东方。(国名)Engels was good at learning foreign la

64、nguages. 恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名)2. “the+形容词”作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。The sick are taken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顾。The old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人讲话要有礼貌。3. 以-s结尾的名词，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如news，plastics等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。Physics is very difficult for me to learn. 物理对我来讲很难The news was very e

65、xciting. 这条新闻十分激动人心。4. 单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。A Chinese wants to see you. 一个中国人想见你。Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那边有10只绵羊在吃草。【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：The Chinese speak Chinese. 中国人说汉语。例Physics more interesting than maths，I t

66、hink. A. areB. isC. wasD. were【答案】：B考点七、表数量概念的词或短语作主语1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Ten years has passed quickly. 10年很快就过去了。Ten dollars is enough. 10美元就够了。100 kilometers is a long way. 100千米是一段很长的路。2. 加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。Two and two is/are four. 2加2等于4。Six times one is/are six.

67、 6乘以1等于6。3. “many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。There is more than one answer. 有不止一个【答案】。Many a student has passed the exam. 许多学生通过了考试。4. “one and a half+复数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数。One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。One and a half pears is left on the plate. 一个半梨被留在盘子里。5. the rest of 短语

68、作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。The rest of the bikes are on sale. 余下的自行车降价出售。The rest of the bread is gone. 剩余的面包不见了。6. “none of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。None of the dogs was/were there. 那儿没有狗。7. “a number of+名词复数”表示“许多/大量的”，其后的谓语动词用复数；“the number of+名词复数”表示“的数量”，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。A nu

69、mber of farmers are standing over there. 许多农民站在那边。The number of the students in this school has reached over 2，000. 这所学校的学生数量已达到2 000多人。8. “a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词”作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。A lot of time is needed. 需要大量的时间。Plenty of workers are working. 许多工人在工作。

70、例What the number of the students in your school? About two thousand. A number of them from England. A. is;areB. is;isC. are;isD. are;are【答案】：A解析：第一空处的主语为the number of the students，用is填写；第二空处的主语为a number of them，用are填写。考点八、动名词、不定式和从句作主语动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。Doing morning exercises is good for your b

71、ody. 做早操对你的身体有益。To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危险。What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在会上的发言很重要。例To lose themselves in the Net bar on teenagers future. A. have a bad effectB. has a bad effectC. have a good effectD. has a good effect【答案】：B【易错易难】考点一、就近原则出现

72、几个主语时，谓语动词的人称单复数须和最近的主语保持一致。 考点二、意义一致原则主语形式是单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词根据意义要用复数；反之主语形式为复数，但意义为单数，谓语动词也用单数。如表示一笔钱，一段时间，一定重量时，这些单位虽是复数形式，但谓语动词是单数形式。 考点三、语法一致一个句子的主语是单数时，谓语动词也应是单数形式，主语是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。细则如下：1. 由并列结构或连词（eitheror， neithernor，notbut， not onlybut also， or等）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与较近的那个名词或代词保持一致。Neither his parents n

73、or Tom_(be) at home.2. 在倒装句和there be句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。There _(be) a book and some pens on the desk. There _(come) the bus. 3. 在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。I know the man who_(be) talking to my father.4. 在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。It is Marys brother who_(be) injured in the car accid

74、ent yesterday.5. 从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词用单数。When to leave _(be) not been decided.Watching TV too much _(be) bad for your eyes.When to leave _(be) not been decided.Watching TV too much _(be) bad for your eyes.注：如果主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句，谓语动词常用复数。What he said and what he did _(be) always different last night .

75、 由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。What I want to say _(be) just “ Take care!”.6.“+ (of) +名词”作主语时，若“of”后的名词为单数（不可数名词），则谓语动词用单数，如果名词为复数，则谓语动词用复数，如： half of, some of, any of, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a quarter of, a third of, 30% of。Most of the water here _(be) clean.80% cotton _have) been sent to

76、America.80%Half of the apples _(be) red.7. 词组“a number of”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数；“the number of”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。A number of ancient buildings _ (be) destroyed in the war.The number of the visitors _ (have) decreased this year. 8. 英语的集体名词（family, public, group, team, class等词），指代“整体”时为单数；指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。My family

77、_(be) very poor when I was a little girlMy family _(be) all looking forward for your coming. 9. every +.and every +.或each+and each +作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Every man and every woman _(be) busy at working.10. 英语句中的each， either， neither等词，作代词充当主语，修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Neither of us _(have) been abroad. Neither answ

78、er _(be) wrong .11. 由some, any every, no构成的复合词（somebody，nobody，everything，anything等）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Somebody _(be)waiting for you at the school gate.12. 成双成对出现的复数名词（glasses，shoes，trousers，pants，gloves等）作主语时，通常谓语动词用复数，但前面有a /the pair of；a /the suit of等词语时，则谓语动词要与量词（pair, suit, piece ）在单复数上保持一致。A pair of

79、 scissors_(be) useful tool for a dressmaker.Two pieces of paper _(be ) on the desk .13. 以复数形式出现，却表示单数意义（maths, physics, news ）谓语用单数。Maths_(be) my favorite subject.14.“the +形容词（old /young /rich /poor ）”表示“一类人”，作主语时，谓语用复数。 The young _(like) listening to popular songs .15.“the +姓氏的复数” 表示“某某夫妇，某某一家人”，作主

80、语时，谓语用复数。 The Greens _(be)having lunch now.16. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with，with，as well as，together with， besides，except， but， including等短语时 ，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。I along with my sister_(be) going to Shanghai next month. 17. 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数。10 minutes is enough.18.加减乘除等数学运算谓语动词通常用单数。2 and

81、3 _5. 19.“the +姓氏名词的复数”表示“一家人、.夫妇”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。The Blacks _(enjoy) working in China.20.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。The writer and teacher coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)