专题11 初中英语语法公式（11）状语从句.docx

1、初中英语语法公式（11）状语从句公式1：as/so long as .说明此句型意为“只要”。asso long as 当“只要”解，是表条件及时间范围的连接词词组，引导 副词子句，修饰主要子句。它所引导的子句中，动词常用现在式，主要子句则用未来式。 You will never be good students so long as you goof around. 如果你们成天游手好闲，就永远也成不了好学生。 As long as you drive carefully, you will be very safe. 只要你开车小心，你就会很安全。 You may eat anything

2、, so long as you dont eat too much. 只要不吃得太多，你可以吃任何东西。 As long as live, I will help you. 只要我活着，我都会帮助你。 As long as you dont betray me, Ill do whatever you ask me to (do). 只要你不出卖我，要我做什么我都愿意。 Well ship the goods at an early time as long as there is a steamer.只要有船，我们就尽早装货公式2：Unless .说明此句型意为“除非”。unless 引导

3、一个否定假设句，相当于 if . not .，有时可以互换使用。总体上看，unless 的语气强于 if . not .，而且有时较为常用，例如在最后通牒中。 Unless you change your mind (=If you dont change you mind), I wont be able to help you. 除非你改变你的想法，否则我不能帮助你。 Unless the management improves their offer, therell be a strike. 除非资方做出进一步的建议，否则将举行罢工。 I couldnt have got to the

4、 meeting on time unless I had caught an earlier train. 我不可能及时赶到会场，除非我赶上了较找的一班火车。公式3：As/So long as .说明此句型意为“如果，只要”。As/So long as引导一个条件假设句，其功能相当于 if。 So (As) long as you clear your desk by this evening, you can have tomorrow leave. 如果你到今晚把手头上的工作做完，你明天就可以休息。 As long as you drive carefully, you will be

5、very safe. 如果你开车小心，你就会很安全。 You may eat anything, so long as you dont eat too much. 只要不吃得太多，你可以吃任何东西。 As long as live, I will help you. 只要我活着，我都会帮助你。 As long as you dont betray me, Ill do whatever you ask me to (do). 只要你不出卖我，要我做什么我都愿意。 Well ship the goods at an early time as long as there is a steame

6、r.只要有船，我们就尽早装货。 You will never be good students so long as you goof around. 如果你们成天游手好闲，就永远也成不了好学生。公式4：If + Present Tense ., S + Modal Verb .结构If + 现在式，主语情态助动词说明本句型实为If + Present Tense ., S + will/shall + V .句型之变体。之所以用情态助动词，主要是因为说话者对可能的结果不是太肯定或者是想表达例如必要的意思。 If it is fine tomorrow, we can go out. 如果明天

7、天气好，我门可以出门。 If it is fine tomorrow, we could go out. 如果明天天气好，我门能够出门。 If it is fine tomorrow, we may go out. 如果明天天气好，我门可能出门。 If it is fine tomorrow, we might go out. 如果明天天气好，我门可能出门。 If it is fine tomorrow, we should go out. 如果明天天气好，我门宜于出门。 If it is fine tomorrow, we ought to go out. 如果明天天气好，我门宜于出门。If

8、 it is fine tomorrow, we must go out. 如果明天天气好，我门必须出门。公式5：If + Present Tense ., S + will/shall + V .结构If现在式，S未来式说明if 子句用现在式，表示须具备的条件，主句用未来式表示可能的结果，整句含意为“如果，那么”。will 用于所有的人称，在 I 和 we 之后可用 shall 代替 will。若主句的主语为 I 或 we 时，可以用 shall 代替 will。像 if necessary（如果需要），if possible（如果可能），if so（如果这样）等固定词组实际上是省略了的 i

9、f 子句。 If I lose my job, I will/shall go abroad. 如果我失业了，我就出国。 If I have a headache, I will take an aspirin. 如果我头痛，我就服一片阿斯匹林。 If it rains, we will stay at home. 如果下雨，我们将待在家里。 If the weather clears, well go for a walk. 如果天晴，我们就去散步。 If the weather doesnt clear, we wont go for a walk. 如果天不晴，我们就不去散步。 Infl

10、ation may be rising, if (it is) so, prices will go up.通货膨胀率可能上升。如果是这样，物价就会上涨。 If possible, She wants to go with us. 可能的话，她想跟我们一起去。 Sterling may fall, if (this should be) so, interest rates will rise. 英国货币可能贬值，如果果真如此，利率就会上升。公式6：If I should ., Imperative Sentence.结构If Ishould .祈使语气说明If + should + V代替i

11、f + 现在式，增加了条件的不确定性。本句型常用在想礼貌地提出要求或建议，或者想圆通地告诉他人该做什么事的场合。用 should 起始句子即可不用 if 而表示条件。这种用法比较正式，常用于诸如公函之中，而不用于日常会话。 If you should see him, please give him my regards. 如果你见到他，请代我向他致意。 Should you see him, please give him my regards. 如果你见到他，请代我向他致意。 If you should happen to see him, please give him my regar

12、ds.如果你万一见到他，请代我向他致意。 Should you happen to see him, please give him my regards. 如果你万一见到他，请代我向他致意。 If you should write to her, send her my love. 如果你给她写信，请代我向她问候。 Should you not wish our agent to call, please let us know. 你若不希望我们的代理人去造访，请告之。 Should you be interested in our offer, please contact us.你若对我

13、们的报价感兴趣，请与我们联系。公式7：句子， for+句子意为“，因为”。 The leaves of the trees are falling, for its already autumn.树叶在飘落，因为秋天已经到了。公式8：.while.意为“然而”，表示转折。 The spring of Beijing is very dry while that of Kunming is damp.北京的春天很干燥，然而昆明的春天却很潮湿。公式9：. when/as/while .说明此句型意为“当时”。when 引导的子句，不仅说明一般时间，而且可以表示与主要子句同时或提前的动作时间。两个动

14、词常用现在式。as 所表示的同时意义更突出一些，语意更强一些；while 多指动作的过程，时间范围较大一些。连接词 while 后面的主语，如果与主要子句的主语相同时，while 后面的主语与 be 动词可以省略，如例句8。 When I got there, they were having a negotiation. 我到那里时，他们正谈判。 When I called, Tom was having dinner. 当我打电话时，汤姆正在吃晚饭。 When I met Jill, she was talking to a young man.当我遇到吉尔时，她正在和一个年轻人说话。 W

15、hen I entered the room, everyone was laughing loudly. 当我走进房间时，每个人都在大声地笑。 When you walk into the room, the lights turn on by themselves. 每当你走入这房间，电灯自己就打开。 The customer laughed as he spoke. 客户边谈边笑。 Work while you work, and rest while you rest. 工作的时候工作，休息的时候休息。 While she was reading in the room (=While

16、 reading in the room), she heard John call her. 当她在房间里看书时，她听见约翰在叫她。公式10：. before/after .说明此句型意为“之前之后”。主要子句的动作发生在子句动作之前或之后。before 引导的子句不可用否定式。 You must send some sample to the customer before you go abroad. 在你出国之前，应该先寄给客户一些样品。 After you think it over, please let me know by fax. 你仔细考虑过之后，请用传真相告。 What

17、do you want to do after you have concluded this transaction? 这笔生意成交之后你想做什么？公式11：. because/as/since .说明此句型意为“因为”。because 作“因为”解释，是连接词，它后面所引导的子句，叫做“从属子句”。主要子句前切不可加 so；从属子句可放在主要子句后，但为了强调，可放在主要子句前。 I didnt like it because it was noisy. 我不喜欢它因为很吵闹。 His boss looked at him coldly because he made several bi

18、g mistakes. 他的老板冷漠地看着他因为他犯了几个大错误。John lives happily because he uses his time well to study.约翰生活得快乐因为他善用他的时间学习。 As rain has fallen, the goods cannot be shipped. 因为下了雨，货物不能装运了。Since you insist, I must amend the letter of credit. 既然你坚持，我就只好修改信用证。公式12：. so . that .说明此句型意为“如此以致”。此为表示因果关系的连接词词组，引导副词子句。so

19、后也可接单数可数名词，即“so形容词a名词that”。so 所引导的词类置于句首时，要采用倒装句构，如例句5和6。该句型与“too . to .”句型可以互相改写，如例句1所示。 Kevin is so sick that he cant come to class. (=Kevin is too sick to come to class.) 克文病得严重以致无法来上课。 The dog is so gentle that I am not afraid of it. 这只狗如此温驯，因此我不感到害怕。 She studied so hard that she passed the exam

20、. 她这么用功，所以通过了考试。 He is so good a boy that we like him. 他是个这么好的男孩，所以我们都喜欢他。 So nice is he that I like him. 他是这么好，因此我喜欢他。 So exciting was the game that I forgot all about the coming finals. 比赛是如此令人兴奋，以致我把即将来临的期末考忘得一乾二净。公式13： so that.以便/乃至 They studied hard so that they could pass the exam. 为了能通过测验,他们学

21、习很起劲。 They started early so that they caught the early bus. 他们起得很早,效果赶上了早班车。 Go to bed early so that you can get up on time. 早点睡觉，这样你才能按时起床。主要提醒：在例句中，是 指导 向导目得状语;在例句中，是 指导 向导效果状语。一般来讲，若从句中含有神志动词，则so that 指导 向导得为目得状语。若无神志动词，则so that 指导 向导得为效果状语。公式14：so many/few . that .结构so manyfew复数名词that说明此句型意为“如此多

22、少的以致”。若是不可数名词，则用“so muchlittle不可数名词that”。此为表示因果关系的连接词词组，引导副词子句。so 可修饰表数量的形容词 many，much，few，little。so 所引导的词类置于句首时，要采用倒装句构。 I have so much work to do that I cant go out with you.我有这么多工作要做，因此不能和你出去。 So many languages can he speak that he should have no problem traveling around the world. 他会说这么多种语言，因此环游

23、世界毫无问题。 There is so little time left that I dont think I can finish it as scheduled. 剩下这么少的时间，我想我不能按时完成。He has so few friends that his life is lonely. 他的朋友很少，因此他的生活非常孤单。公式15：such . that .结构such名词that说明此句型意为“如此以致”。此为表示因果关系的连接词词组，引导副词子句。such 之后可接任何名词。such 所引导的词类置于句首时，要采用倒装句构。 Do not think that America

24、ns are in such a hurry that they are unfriendly. 不要认为美国人如此匆忙是不友善的。 He always talks in such a way that everyone dislikes him. 他总是用这样得方式说话，所以每个人都讨厌他。 He was such an impatient driver (=He was so impatient a driver) that he went through the red light. 他是这样没有耐心的司机，所以他闯红灯了。 Such a good article did he writ

25、e that he won the award.他的这篇文章写得这么好，因此获奖。 They are such good boys that we like them. 他们是这么好的男孩，所以我们都喜欢他们。It is such good music that I enjoy it. 这么好的音乐我喜欢。公式16：such+名词性词组+that.so+形容词/副词+that. 如斯乃至She is such a good teacher that we all love her.她是一个好先生,我们都爱她。It was such a hot day that they didnt go ou

26、t for a walk as usual.这么热得天气,他们没有像往常一样往散步。主要提醒：(1)“such+a(an)+形容词+名词+that.”，可以改写成“so+形容词+a(an)+名词+that.”，例句可以改写成：She is so good a teacher that we all love her.(2)在“such+形容词+名词单数或不可数名词+that.”构造中，形容词若是是many/few或much/little时，用so不必such，即：so+many/few+可数名词单数+that. ，so+much/little+不可数名词+that.。There are so

27、many people in the room that I cant get in.房间里人太多,我进不往。The man has so much money that he can buy a car.那人很有钱,他能买一辆小汽车。公式17：though/although .结构though/although .说明此句型意为“虽然但是”。though 或 although 均为副词连接词，引导副词子句，修饰主要子句，可置于主要子句的前后。若使用 though 或 although，就不可再使用 but，反之亦然，以避免双重连接；但可以用 yet，此时的 yet 做副词；though 也可

28、当副词用，置于句尾，但前面要加逗点，表“然而”之意。 Although (he was) cheerful in company, he was often sad in private. 虽然和友人在一起是愉快的，但他私下却常常很悲伤。 Though old, he walks as fast as a young man. 虽然年老，他走起路来像年轻人一样快。 Though he often plays hooky, he does well in study. 他经常逃学，然而他的功课却很好。 Although very rich in his youth, he is now as p

29、oor as a church mouse. 虽然年轻时很有钱，他现在穷得像教堂的老鼠。 She didnt put on an overcoat though it was very cold outside.外头虽冷，她却没披件外套。 Though he is nice, (yet) I dont like him. (=He is nice; I dont like him, though.) 他很好，然而我不喜欢他。公式18： Though.+主句Though I like playing games，I dont play it so often.虽然我喜欢玩游戏，但是我不经常玩它。

30、公式19：even if/even though .结构even if/even though .说明此句型意为“即使，虽然”。也是副词连接词，引导副词子句，用法与 though，although 相同，也不可与 but 并用。注意：无 even although 的用法。 Even if it will take me six weeks, I am determined to finish the job. 即使这工作要花掉我六个星期的时间，我仍决心要把它完成。 Even if he said so, you need not believe him. 即使他这么说，你大可不必相信他。 E

31、ven though you do not like it, you must do it. 即使你不喜欢这工作，你也得做。Even though he tried, he still lagged behind other runners.尽管他努力了，仍落在其它赛跑者之后。 Even though I hadnt seen my classmate for many years, I recognized him immediately. 即使多年没有看见我的同学，我也马上认出了他。 They couldnt, even if they would, get out of trouble

32、by themselves. 即使他们想（摆脱），也无法独立摆脱困难。公式20：No matter what .结构No matter what .说明此句型意为“不论什么，”。 No matter what the results of the homemade gift look like, remember its the thought that counts. 不论自制礼物的结果看起来像什么，心意才是重要。 No matter what you may do, do it well. 不论你做什么，好好地做。No matter what he is, he must obey the

33、 law. 不论他是什么人，他必须遵守法律。公式21：wherever .结构wherever主语动词说明此句型意为“无论在哪里；无论到哪里；无论什么情况下”。等于 no matter where。 The language is almost the same wherever one goes. 不论你到哪里，语言几乎是相同的。 Wherever you are, I will miss you. 不论你在哪里，我都会想念你。 Remember you are a Chinese wherever you go. 记住你是中国人，不论你到哪里。 Well go wherever you l

34、ike. 你爱去哪儿我们就去哪儿。Wherever it is possible, he tries to help. 只要有可能，他总是设法帮忙。公式22：not . until/till .结构notuntiltill某一点时间说明此句型意为“直到才”。等于“not . before”。句子若由 not until 开头，则要用倒装句型。 Cotton material was not known in Europe until much later.直到很晚之后，欧洲才知道棉花布料。 We did not start until the sun rose in the east. 直到太

35、阳从东方升起，我们才出发。 He did not have a house of his own until he was thirty.直到三十岁，他才有属于自己的家。 Not until eleven oclock did he come home. 他到十一点才回家。 We do not know the value of health till we lose it. 失去健康才知道健康的可贵。 We had not waited long before she came. 我们没等多久她就来了。 Not until last night did I get the news. 直到昨晚我才听到这消息。 It had not been done before he came. 这还没做完之前他就回来了。