专题11 社会文化与现象（七选五）-五年（2018—2022）高考英语真题精选分类训练 长难句分析.docx

1、 11 社会文化与现象PPassage1（2022年全国乙卷）主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇维系友谊建议251friendshipFriendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships. Set a regular dateLong-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and

2、share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. _36_. More isnt always merrierMake sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. _37_. There are alternatives to con

3、stant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. Practise empathy (共情)_38_. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact tha

4、t your friend may feel abandoned. _39_ Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends birthdays and oth

5、er important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. Dont rely on technology alone_40_, but long-distance friendships even close ones may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.A

6、. Remember important datesB. Compensate by writing lettersC. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeperD. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to itE. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communicationF. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness throug

7、h social mediaG. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind【答案解析】36. D 37. E 38. G 39. A 40. F【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。【36题详解】上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”（平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电话。）讲是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并坚持下去” 给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法

8、，符合题意。故选D项。【37题详解】上文“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.”（确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过，了解你们想要联系的频率，以及哪种方法对你们双方都最有效。）提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式，E项“朋友需要谈论他们喜欢的交流方式”承接上文，进一步提出对交流的方法的沟通，下文“There are alternatives to consta

9、nt written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.”（除了持续的文字交流，还有其他选择，比如留下语音信息或进行群聊。）对E项中的“methods of communication”进行了举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。【38题详解】下文“The friend who is remaining”（留下来的朋友）和“The one in the new environment”（在新环境中的那个）提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异

10、地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind”分别对应下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is remaining”，所以G项符合题意。故选G项。【39题详解】分析文章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.”（周年纪念日和生日对于异地友谊而言

11、是非常重要的。）讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“记得重要的日子”，所以A项符合题意。故选A项。【40题详解】设空处所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships even close ones may require more conscious effort to sustain.”（但是异地友谊甚至是关系亲密的友谊可能需要更加自觉地去维系。）讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通

12、过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题“Dont rely on technology alone”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technology”。故选F项。【长难句析】1.Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. 【分析】本句是复合句，含有定语从句

13、that both sides equally contact，先行词是the characteristic。【译文】持久的友谊具有双方平等联系和分享的特点(联系)。 2.Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 【分析】本句是复合句，you have communicated with your friend about是省略了that的宾语从句，

14、其中又含有由and连接的两个由how和what引起的宾语从句，做about的宾语。【译文】确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过，了解你们想要联系的频率，以及哪种方法对你们双方都最有效。 3.The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. 【分析】本句含有两个who引导的定语从句，先行词分别为The friend，句子主干是The friend needs to be sensitive to all the ad

15、ditional time demands . 【译文】 留下来的朋友需要对已经搬走的朋友所需要的额外时间保持敏感。 Passage2（2021年新高考I卷）主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇生活感悟事例阐述270 lifeMy husband and I just spent a week in Paris._36_So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leav

16、e our suitcases in the hallway.The place wasnt entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing ( 水 管 ) worked. _37_Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and i

17、ts a shame I dont have much use for it.Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. _38_ French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth l

18、ike little flavor bombs._39_ On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!I

19、n France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency.You can tell this by cafs life French cafs are always crowded._40_When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting

20、 the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.A. Not all the customers are tourists.B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.E. Thats not the only reason the Fren

21、ch eat less than we do.F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.G. The food is so delicious that you dont need much of it to make you happy.【答案解析】36. F 37. C 38. G 39. E 40. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了作者夫妇两人在巴黎的居住的感受。首先，作者介绍了她住的房子；其次，说明了巴黎人生活非常精致的原因；最后，说明法国人对待生活的态度，相较于工作效率他们更看

22、重生活品质。【36题】上文“My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.(我丈夫和我刚在巴黎待了一周)”说明了背景；下文“So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.(所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵公寓，在第六层，只有一个橱柜那么大)”是空格处的结果，因此空格处需要填原因；根据F项“Our aim was to see if we could live, in some wa

23、y, like real Parisians.(我们的目标是看看我们是否在某种程度上可以活的像巴黎人。)”可知，作者要在巴黎住下来，所以需要租房子，两句构成因果关系。故选F项。【37题】上文“The place wasnt entirely authentic, though.(不过，这个地方并不是地道的法国住房)”是段落的中心句，说明第二段主要内容是讲解公寓的情况。下文提到了楼宇和电梯的情况。C项“There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.(有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适的床)”提到了厨房和床，这些都属于公寓的配置。故选C项。【38题】上文“.

24、 they eat great food and never gain weight.(他们吃得很好，而且从不发胖)”提及了食物。下文“French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.(法国草莓尝起来不像纸板。相反，它们会像小炸弹一样在你嘴里爆炸)”在说明法国的草莓很好吃。上下文结合可知，因为法国的食物质量很高，所以不用吃很多就能很满足，同时吃的少也就不会发胖了。G项“The food is so delicious tha

25、t you dont need much of it to make you happy. (食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能使你快乐)”符合语境要求。故选G项。【39题】第三段主要描述了作者夫妻去了采购了食物，买了草莓。下文“My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!(我丈夫和我都认为这是我们吃过的最好的水果。但它们要18美元!)”说明法国的水果好吃但是也很贵。选项E“Thats not the only reason the French eat less t

26、han we do.(这并不是法国人吃得比我们少的唯一原因)”承接了上一段关于法国人吃的少但是不胖的话题，同时引起下文，给出了法国人吃的少的另一个原因物价贵。故选E项。【40题】根据上文“In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率). You can tell this by cafs life. French cafs are always crowded. (在法国生活质量比效率更重要。这一点你能从咖啡馆生活看出来。法国的咖啡厅总是很拥挤)”可知，上文说明了法国人对待工作不是很积极且咖啡厅里顾客

27、很多。下文“When do these people work?(这些人什么时候工作？)”是一个问句，说明本句属于过渡句，承接上文说明咖啡厅里的造成拥挤的客人的情况，A选项中有“customer”符合咖啡馆的情境设定，同时讲述了不是所有的客人都是游客，那么意味着大部分人都是当地人，符合下文的提问。故选A项。【长难句析】1. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and its a shame I dont have much use for it.【分析】本句含有省略了that的定语从句I mastered； its a shame that为固

28、定句型。【译文】那是我唯一掌握的法语短语，可惜我对它用处不大。 2. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 【分析】本句含有非限制性定语从句As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago。【译文】 正如几周前有人在这篇论文中指出的那样，他们吃得很好，从不长胖。 3. The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously so serious

29、ly that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.【分析】本句含有so .that.引导结果状语从句；其后又含有定语从句 that independent contractors can be on call，修饰先行词hours。【译文】法国人非常重视他们每周35小时的工作时间，以至于一些工会最近与一些公司达成了一项协议，限制独立承包商可以随叫随到的

30、工作时间。Passage3（2021年全国甲卷）主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇旧衣利用事例阐述262clothingYSwap, Dont shop!ou keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesnt end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources（资源）to make, and buying loads of new clothing（or throwing out old clothing）is not heal

31、thy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-youre-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor? _16_. Its the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.A successful swap depends on

32、the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. Its really easy to do! Here are a few pointers. Invite 510 people so you have a nice selection. _17_ , and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable. _18_.

33、 They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their new clothes home. Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room._19_. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that

34、everyone must try on the clothes before they take themthings always look different when you put them on.Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. _20_. And dont forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, its a party!A. Less people than thatB. Hold a c

35、lothing swapC. If two people are competingD. Just keep music playing throughoutE. Donate whatever clothes are left overF Have everyone put their clothes in the right spotsG. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition【答案解析】【答案】16. B 17. A 18. G 19. F 20. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法衣

36、物交换派对，以及一些具体的流程。【16题】根据上文“So what to do with all those perfectly- good-but-you re- maybe-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor?（那么，该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的（看起来）完好但你可能有点厌倦的衣服呢？）”提出关于如何解决旧衣物的问题。下文“Its the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a pa

37、rty all at the same time.（这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里买衣服、同时开派对的最好方法。）”提到了具体处理旧衣物的方法。所以空白处应起承上启下的作用，承接上文讲到的问题，启下提出的方法。因而空白处是提出了一种处理旧衣物的好方法。B项“Hold a clothing swap.（进行衣物交换。）”给出了一种处理旧衣物的方法，承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。【17题】根据上文“Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection.”（邀请5到10个人，这样你就有一个很好的选择。）说明了应该邀请的人数。下文“and there may no

38、t be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.”（可能没有足够的东西可供选择；多于这个数量，它就变得无法控制。）说明多于或少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以空白处应是针对下文中的“more than that”提出的相反的假设，即少于一定数量的人。A项“Less people than that”（少于这些人）提出一种假设，和下文中“more than that”相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少，符合语境。故选A项。【18题】根据下文“They should also p

39、repare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.”（他们还应该准备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的“新”衣服带回家。）说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服”准备袋子。G项“Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition.”（告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣服。）说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相对，都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的also也是提示词，并且其中They指代G项的everyone。所以G项符合语境。故

40、选G项。【19题】根据上文“Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.”（把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同地方。）指出衣服应该归类放置。下文“Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.”（在房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子。）提到了放置镜子的意义。由此可见，本段讲述的是房间里的一些具体的做法，所以空白处一样要提出人们在房间里要做什么。F项“Hav

41、e everyone put their clothes in the right spots.（让每个人的衣服都放在相应的位置上。）”说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，符合语境。故选F项。【20题】上文“Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever.”（设置开始时间。也许你说“开始”，或者打开一首歌，或者无论什么。）打开音乐或者无论什么，意味聚会开始。下文“And dont forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Re

42、member, its a party!”（别忘了拿出一些饼干和水果。记住，这是个派对！）讲到了聚会上应该提供一些派对该有的服务。因而，空白处应是承接上文，讲述聚会期间要保持应有的内容。D项“Just keep music playing throughout.”（要始终播放音乐。）承上启下，说明在派对上要有音乐，与前文形成意义上的一致，符合题意，故选D项。【长难句析】1. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.【分析】本句是复合句，so peop

43、le can see是并列句，其后有一个宾语从句 how things look ； when they try them on为时间状语从句。【翻译】在你的房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到东西的样子。 2. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take themthings always look different when you put them on.【分析】本句的that everyone must try on th

44、e clothes为表语从句，before they take them为时间状语从句，when you put them on.为时间状语从句。【翻译】交换衣服的基本规则之一是每个人在拿衣服之前都必须试穿当你穿上它们的时候，它们看起来总是不一样。 Passage4（2021年6月浙江卷）主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇人物介绍事例阐述260postcardsYouve got mailand its a postcardPaulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox

45、and find a brightly colored picture of Romes Colosseum. Or Africas Victoria Falls. Or Chinas Great Wall. _11_ I often send postcards to family and friends. he says to China Daily, but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into

46、 it _12_ ” Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulos hunch（直觉）paid off. Today his hobby has developed into the website , a soc

47、ial network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago. _13_ Running the website has almost turned into a full-time job. Language is certainly a harrier for many people. For postcrossing to work worldwide, a common communication language

48、is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesnt work if one doesnt understand it. _14_ So a common language is required and in postcrossing thats English since its widely spoken. Many people in China have limited

49、 exposure to English. _15_ That said, we know of many postcrossing members, including Chinese, who have actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing, Paulo says.A. And thats totally fineB. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice itC. He likes to think of sending po

50、stcards as a family-friendly hobbyD. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.G. In short, he loves

51、postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.【答案解析】【答案】11. G 12. A 13. E 14. F 15. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Paulo Magalhaes创建的过程及其现状。Paulo Magalhaes非常喜欢明信片但是苦于身边没有与他志趣相投的人，于是他开始从网上寻求志同道合的人，因而创立了。随着公司在全球不断壮大，语言成为沟通的主要障碍，后来英语被选为共同语言方便大家交流。【11题】上文“Paulo Magalhaes, a

52、34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored image of Romes Colosseum. Or Africas Victoria Falls. Or Chinas Great Wall.( 34岁的葡萄牙电脑工程师Paulo Magalhaes喜欢打开他的邮箱，然后发现一个色彩鲜艳的罗马斗牛场图像。或者非洲的维多利亚瀑布。或者是中国的长城)”介绍了Paulo喜欢明信片的个人爱好。下文“. and you realize that not ev

53、eryone is into it.”说明他身边缺少与他志趣相投的人。选项G“In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a scribbled note from someone far away.(简而言之，他喜欢明信片，也喜欢收到远方某人潦草的便条时的那种兴奋)”起到承上启下的作用，总结了上文Paulo喜欢明信片，也引出下文关于他的喜好得不到回应的问题。故选G项。【12题】上文“I often send postcards to family and friends. he says to China Daily

54、, “but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it(“我经常给家人和朋友寄明信片， ”他说，“但你可以想象，过一段时间，你收到的明信片不会像你寄的那么多，而且你意识到并不是每个人都喜欢这样。”)”说明Paulo意识到身边的亲人和朋友不是都和他有相同的爱好，因此他也很坦然接受这个事实，因此选项A“那完全没问题”符合语境。故选A项。【13题】上文“Today his hobby has evolve

55、d into the website P, a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he launched it 10 years ago.(如今，他的这个爱好已经发展成了P这个社交网站。自从10年前他创建这个网站以来，已经有来自214个国家和地区的575217名注册用户)”是在介绍目前网站的发展状况，因此符合文意的只有E选项“8月5日，会员互赠的明信片数量达到3100万张”是在介绍该网站相关的数据。故选E项。【14题】上文“As cool as

56、 it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesnt work if one doesnt understand it.(收到一张用中文写的明信片可能很酷，但如果你不理解它，这个概念就行不通)”是举例说明他国人收到中文明信片时的问题。选项F“Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card written in Swedish takes part of the fun away.(同样地，如果你只会说中文，收到瑞典语的卡片也会夺走一部分乐趣)”

57、是举例说明中国人收到他国语言明信片时也会遇到相同的问题。两句相结合，符合结论句的语义要求，故选F项。【15题】上文“Many people in China have limited exposure to English.(许多中国人很少能接触到英语)”说明对某些人来说学习英语的门槛较高。结合下文“. who actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing.(他们实际上通过使用明信片来提高他们的英语技能)”可知，写明信片成为一种练习英语的渠道。因此选项B “这使得学习和练习它变得格外困难 ”符合

58、语境要求，说明对一些人来说学习和练习英语的难度较高，因为渠道较少。故选B项。【长难句析】1. Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulos hunch paid off. 【分析】本句含有省略了that的宾语从句the Internet is a place for people；people 后又有who引导的定语从句。【译文】许多人会说，互联网是那些放弃传统邮政服务的人的地方，但保罗的预感(直觉)得到了回报。

59、2. Today his hobby has developed into the website , a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago. 【分析】本句的a social network做同位语，修饰the website ；其后that为定语从句，修饰先行词a social network； since he started it 10 years ago.为时间状语从句【译文】 如今

60、，他的爱好发展成了，这是一个社交网站，自从他10年前创办以来，已经在214个国家和地区拥有了575,217名注册用户。 3. As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesnt work if one doesnt understand it. 【分析】本句是复合句，主句是the concept doesnt work， if one doesnt understand it.是条件状语从句；As cool as表比较。【译文】 收到一张用中文写的明信片可能很酷，但如果一个人不理解它

61、，这个概念就不起作用。 Passage5（2021年1月浙江卷）主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇社会现象事例阐述247lineYou run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need, head to the front, and choose the line that looks fastest. You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked

62、out and off to the parking lot. _11_It turns out, its just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster. Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay. _12_Any small interruption - a price check, a chatty custo

63、mer-can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line. If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the probability:_13_So its not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster. Researchers have a good way to deal with this p

64、roblem. Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line- called a serpentine line - and serve each person at the front with the next available register. _14_This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register wont unfairly punish the

65、people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall. _15_It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores cant afford the space or manpower. So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck.A. Why does this always seem to

66、happen to you?B. So why dont most places encourage serpentine lines?C. Some of the may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.D The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.E. How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?F. With three registers, this met

67、hod is much faster than the traditional approach.G. But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.【答案解析】【答案】11. A 12. G 13. D 14. F 15. B【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章说明了杂货店排队方式以及研究人员提出的蛇形队伍的新方式，并分析了各自的利弊。【11题详解】下文“It turns out, its just math working against you; chances are, the oth

68、er line really is faster. （原来，这只是你的数学问题；很可能，另一个队伍真的更快。）”解释了上文“You chose wrong.(你选错了)”的原因，下文与空格处是因果关系，所以本空应该是对前文选错提出疑惑，故选A项。【12题详解】上文“Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay.（杂货店尽量让足够的员工在结账时让所有的顾客以最小的延误完成结账。）”解释了杂货店之前的工作模式，下文“Any s

69、mall interruption a price check, a chatty customer -can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.（任何一个小小的中断，一个价格检查，一个喋喋不休的顾客，都会产生下游效应，拖住整个生产线。）”描述了杂货店的特殊情况，故本空应该填出现特殊情况的原因，故选G项。【13题详解】根据上文“If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. （如果杂货店中有三列

70、队伍，延迟将在不同的队伍中随机发生。）”联系下文“So its not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.（所以这不仅仅是在你的脑海里：另一条队伍可能移动得更快。）”可知本空说的是任何一个队伍都有可能出现问题。你的队伍跑得最快的几率只有三分之一。故选D项。【14题详解】根据“上文Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem.(我们得知研究人员有一个很好的方法来处理这个问题)”以及下文“This is what they do at most banks

71、 and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register wont unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone little bit but speed up checkout overall.（这个大多数银行和快餐店都是这样做的。有了一条蜿蜒的队伍，在一个登记处长时间拖延不会不公平地惩罚后面排队的人。相反，它会减慢每个人一点点，但加快了整体结帐速度。）”说明这个

72、新方案迅速有效，联系上下文可知，空格中应该是与旧的结账方案作比较。故选F项。【15题详解】结合下文“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores cant afford the space or manpower.（要保持一条生产线的快速运转，需要很多的收银机，而且有些商店负担不起空间和人力。）”说明了一个原因，由此可知，空格处提出了一个问题；通过“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly.(保持一条生产线的快速运转)”可知这

73、里描述的是不鼓励蛇形队伍的原因。故选B项。【长难句析】1. If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. 【分析】本句含有条件状语从句If there are three lines in the store，randomly是副词，意为 随机地，胡乱地 。【译文】如果商店里有三条线，不同的收银台会随机出现延迟。 2. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register wont unfairly puni

74、sh the people who lined up behind it. 【分析】本句含有定语从句 who lined up behind it.介词短语With a serpentine line做原因状语。【译文】由于排队的队伍像蛇一样长，一个收银台的长时间延迟不会对后面排队的人造成不公平的惩罚。Passage6（2020新课标）主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇表情符号事例阐述233emojisEmoji(表情符号) and Workplace CommunicationIn Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with user

75、s in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play. _36_. Its been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. _37_, encouraging bet

76、ter and more frequent communication.In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. _38_. While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like em

77、ail, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). The good news is that its simple to learn and can be worth the effort.There is also the matter of tone(语气). Who hasnt received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? _39_. Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note ca

78、n be softened with an encouraging smile._40_ and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, youll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.A. Message with emojis feel more conversationalB.

79、 Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendlyC. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strangeD. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globallyE. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestlyF. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workpla

80、ceG. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform【答案解析】【答案】36. D 37. A 38. G 39. B 40. F【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了表情符号以及在工作交流所带来的优势。36.根据前句“In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play.(在亚洲，即时通讯平台正在迅速发展，无论是工作还是娱

81、乐，都有数亿用户)”和后句“Its been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.(据报道，在一些西方国家，76%的员工在工作中使用表情符号)”可知，前后句都说明了即时通讯平台受欢迎程度。所以选择项D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally. (这些平台的受欢迎程度正在全球蔓延)符合题意。故选D。37.根据前句“Using emojis can add humor and feel

82、ing, keeping intention clear.(使用表情符号可以增加幽默和感情，保持明确的意图)”和后半句“encouraging better and more frequent communication.(鼓励更好更频繁的交流)”可知，这里陈述使用表情符号的优点。所以选择项A. Messages with Emojis feel more conversational. (使用表情符号的信息让人感觉更健谈)符合题意。故选A。38.根据前句“In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond

83、, and finding common ground in communication can be a challenge. (在任何一间办公室，员工年龄从22岁到70岁甚至更大，在交流中找到共同点可能是一项挑战)” 中关键词句“employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond,”与选择项中“all work generations”是一致的。故选G。39.根据前句“ Who hasnt received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? (谁没有收到过毁掉了一整天的邮件呢？

84、)”和后文介绍表情的优点，可知，这里陈述电子邮件的缺点。所以选择项B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly. (即使是一封正式的电子邮件也会显得冷淡和不友好)故选B。40.根据后句“and Emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. (并且表情符号可以直接促成这种积极的结果)”可知，这里陈述表情符号能给工作场所带来的好处。所以选择项F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier wor

85、kplace. (研究表明，更友好的沟通会带来更快乐的工作场所)故选F。【长难句析】1. Its been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.【分析】本句Its reported that.为固定句型，意为：据报道。【译文】据报道，在一些西方国家，76%的员工在工作中使用表情符号。 2. While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to wor

86、king with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve. 【分析】本句While 引导让步状语从句，used to working with traditional tools like email做定语，修饰those；主句是it may feel like a learning curve。【译文】虽然年轻一代更喜欢视觉交流，但对于那些习惯使用传统工具(如电子邮件)的人来说，这可能感觉像是一条学习曲线。 3. And when your employees begin adding smiling

87、emojis to their business communication, youll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.【分析】本句含有when引导的时间状语从句，know后又含有一个省略了that的宾语从句you have succeeded in improving your work culture.。【译文】 当你的员工开始在他们的商务交流中使用微笑表情符号时，你就会知道你已经成功地改善了你的工作文化。 Passage7（2020新课标）主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇活动介绍事例阐述254housewa

88、rming party A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the panty. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. _36_ And it is g

89、ood time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents._37_ Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local or store or stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if the

90、re isnt a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant._38_ This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isnt a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hos

91、tess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. _39_Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time a

92、go people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. _40_ Now most homes have central heating and dont use fires to keep warm.A. This isnt usual though.B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.D. If y

93、oure lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.【答案解析】【答案】36. E 37. B 38.

94、 C 39. A 40. G【解析】本文是说明文，介绍了乔迁聚会的目的，礼物的选取，活动安排和名称的由来。36.上句 The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.(这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了)。介绍

95、这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会。与上下句并列，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选E。37.下文Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.和like a piece of art or a plant. 列举了参加聚会所带礼物的清单，可以是厨房工具、窗帘、艺术品或绿植。这些都和参加聚会带礼物有关，B项：带礼物去参加乔迁派对是一种传统，概括了本段内容，引出下文，故选B。

96、38.本段介绍了聚会的活动安排，根据后文This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn t a lot of food served.(这一点通常是值得赞赏的，因为在乔迁派对上不会提供很多食物)。指出因为新搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。那么本句是在建议你可以带上自己的食物或饮料与其他客人分享搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。C项：你也可以带上食物或饮料与其他客人分享。故选C。39.本段提到在乔迁聚会上人们会聚餐，主人带领客人参观新家。上句提到，由于乔迁聚会是在搬进新家后不久举行的，人们可能会

97、被要求帮助打开箱子。根据常识可知在乔迁聚会上让客人们帮忙干活是不常见的，A项：但这并不常见。表达了此意，与上文衔接，故选A。40.上句介绍了乔迁聚会名称的由来，根据bring firewood to a new home as a gift.可知人们会带柴火作为礼物，那么本空承接上文说明了带柴火的目的和作用。G项：这样人们就可以在冬天的时候保持家里温暖。符合语境。故选G。【长难句析】1. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people

98、 may be asked to help unpack boxes. 【分析】本句含有because 和 after引导的原因状语从句和时间状语从句，主句是people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 【译文】有时，因为乔迁派对是在一个人搬进新家后不久举行的，人们可能会被要求帮忙打开箱子。 2. Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift

99、. 【分析】本句含有 that 引导的同位语从句，修饰the fact，主句是Housewarming parties get their name from the fact。【译文】乔迁派对之所以叫乔迁派对，是因为很久以前，人们会带着柴火去新家作为礼物。Passage8（2020年1月浙江卷）主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇水事物介绍272waterLets take a minute to think about the water we use. The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water to be h

100、ealthy. When we are thirsty we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with clean water._31_For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.The truth i

101、s that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want，but this is not the case for many people around the world._32_Thats around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water，we can catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500，000 children die from diarrhea

102、(腹泻)from dirty water. Thats around 1，400 children every day！Also，in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water._33_Therefore，they dont have time to learn how to read or write and dont get an education._34_On this day every year，countries around the world hold events to educa

103、te people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. At one school in the UK，children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water._35_People give them money to do this and all the money helps get clean water to

104、as many people as possible around the world.A. We use water indirectly too.B. Every system in our body depends on water to function.C. It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problemsD. If children walk many hours a day to get water，they cant go to school.E. Did you know that aroun

105、d 750 million people do not have clean water to drink？F. In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.G. In this way，they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles.【答案解析】【答案】31. A 32. E 33. D 34. F 35. G【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了水是我们生活中非常重要的能源，而世界上很多人并不

106、像我们这样幸运能喝到干净的水。世界上大约有7.5亿人没有干净的水喝，每年有50多万儿童死于脏水引起的腹泻。就此联合国决定3月22日为世界水日，并在当天举办活动来教育人们关于脏水的问题，让人们知道清洁的水是全世界每个人都应该拥有的。【31题详解】根据下文For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water

107、to produce this energy.（例如，生产我们吃的食物的农民，使用水使植物生长。当我们打开电灯或电视或电脑的开关时，我们使用能源，我们需要水来产生这种能源）可知下文是在列举人们间接使用水的例子，故A选项“我们也间接地用水。”符合上下文语境，故选A。【32题详解】根据下文Thats around one in 10 people in the world.（那大约是世界上十分之一的人）可推知本句为说明世界上没有干净水喝的人数。故E选项“你知道大约有7.5亿人没有干净的水喝吗?”符合上下文语境，故选E。【33题详解】根据上文Also，in some countries childr

108、en walk many kilometres every day to get water.（而且，在一些国家，孩子们每天要走很多公里去取水）中walk many kilometres every day to get water可对应到D选项中walk many hours a day to get water，故D选项“如果孩子们每天走很多小时去取水，他们就不能去上学。”符合上下文语境，故选D。【34题详解】结合下文On this day every year，countries around the world hold events to educate people about t

109、he problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world.（每年的这一天，世界各国都会举办各种活动，让人们了解脏水的问题，让他们知道清洁的水是全世界每个人都应该拥有的）是在说明世界水日当天的活动，故可知本句为说明世界水日的设立时间，故F选项“1993年，联合国决定3月22日为世界水日。”符合上下文语境，故选F。【35题详解】根据前文At one school in the UK，children between the ages of 10 an

110、d 15 walk 6km with six litres of water.（在英国的一所学校，10到15岁的孩子负重6升水来步行6公里）可推知本句承接上文继续说明这一做法的意义是让孩子们了解带着沉重的瓶子走很长的距离是什么感觉。故G选项“通过这种方式，他们知道带着沉重的瓶子走很长的距离是什么感觉。”符合上下文语境，故选G。【长难句析】1. The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want，but this is not the case for many people around the

111、world.【分析】本句含有 that 引导的表语从句，其又含有时间状语从句whenever we want，but为并列连词，引导并列句。【译文】每年的这一天，世界各国都会举办活动，教育人们关于脏水的问题，以及清洁水是全世界每个人都应该拥有的东西。 2. On this day every year，countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. 【分析】本句that clean water is something为宾语从句做 educate的宾语，其后的 that everyone should have around the world.为定语从句，修饰先行词 something 。【译文】每年的这一天，世界各国都会举办活动，教育人们关于脏水的问题，以及清洁水是全世界每个人都应该拥有的东西。