专题12阅读理解专题政治经济文化类- (2018-2022)高考英语真题分项汇编.docx

1、阅读理解专题12 政治经济文化类(2018-2022)高考英语真题分项汇编（全国）2022年(全国乙卷)The Governments sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown. First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks contain

2、ing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is believed that todays children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year

3、 for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar level

4、s cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugar

5、y drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content. However some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small

6、companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year. Todays figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and

7、 active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part. 32. Why was the sugar tax introduced?A To collect money for schools.B. To improve the quality of drinks.C. To protect childrens health.D. To encourage research in education.33. How did some drinks companies respond to th

8、e sugar tax?A. They turned to overseas markets.B. They raised the prices of their products.C. They cut down on their production.D. They reduced their products sugar content.34. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?A. Most alcoholic drinks.B. Milk-based drinks.C. Fruit juices.D. Cla

9、ssic Coke.35. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?A. It is a short-sighted decision.B. It is a success story.C. It benefits manufacturers.D. It upsets customers.【答案】32. C 33. D 34. D 35. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二

10、段中的“First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity .（该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖）”可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童减少肥胖，保护儿童健康。故选C项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It comes after more than half of

11、soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.（此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税）”可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D项。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to

12、 change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.（然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的）”可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。

13、故选D项。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Todays figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.（根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑）”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B项。2022

14、年（新高考I卷）Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugul

15、a went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this months cover story. Its jaw-dropping how much p

16、erfectly good food is thrown away from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental

17、problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”If thats hard to understand, lets keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time but for him, its m

18、ore like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that ot

19、herwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just dont think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in y

20、our weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you wont eat,” Curtin says.24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?A. We pay little attention to food waste.B. We waste food unintentionally at times.C. We waste more vegetables than meat.D. We have

21、good reasons for wasting food.25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?A. Moral decline.B. Environmental harm.C. Energy shortage.D. Worldwide starvation.26. What does Curtins company do?A. It produces kitchen equipment.B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.C. It helps local

22、 farmers grow fruits.D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.27. What does Curtin suggest people do?A. Buy only what is needed.B. Reduce food consumption.C. Go shopping once a week.D. Eat in restaurants less often.【答案】24. B 25. B 26. D 27. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物

23、浪费而采取的努力。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西

24、；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other, resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest pr

25、oducer of greenhouse gases in the world.”(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选B。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last y

26、ear it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce, that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组

27、织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用)”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。故选D。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the si

28、de dish you wont eat,” Curtin says.(“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷说)”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A。2021（全国乙卷）During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said,

29、 “Thats why I have a membership at the coworking spaceacross the street so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout（布局）. But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.The researchers examined various l

30、evels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels（ 分 贝 ）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were stat

31、istically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that muc

32、h in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise not too loud and not total silence may actually improve ones creative thinking ability. The right level of backgr

33、ound noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may b

34、e that, in our offices, we cant stop ourselves from getting drawn into others conversations while were trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of n

35、oise while also providing freedom from interruptions.41. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?A. It helps him concentrate.BIt blocks out background noise.CIt has a pleasant atmosphere.DIt encourages face-to-face interactions.42. Which level of background noise may promote creative think

36、ing ability?A. Total silence.B50 decibelsC70 decibels.D8 5 decibels.43. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?A. Personal privacy unprotected.BLimited working space.CRestrictions on group discussion.DConstant interruptions.44. What can we infer about the author from the text?A. Hes a ne

37、ws reporter.B. Hes an office manager.C. Hes a professional designer.Hes a published writer.52A53C54D55D【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自身经历讲述人们为什么不喜欢开放性办公室以及有关多少分贝的噪音最有利于人们的创造性思维的研究。 52细节理解题。根据第一段“Thats why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street - so I can focus.（这就是为什么我在街对面的公用办公空间有会员资格这样我就可以集

38、中精力了。）”可知，采访者喜欢共享办公空间的原因是那里可以帮助他集中精力。故选A 项。 53细节理解题。根据第二段“The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group - those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop- significantly outperformed the

39、 other groups.（大多数组之间的差异在统计学上是不显著的；然而，音量为 70 分贝的那组参与者（置身于类似于咖啡店背景噪音的环境中）的表现明显好于其他组。）”和第三段“But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise - not too loud and not total silence - may actually improve ones creative thinking ability

40、.（但由于 70 分贝的结果很显著，该研究还表明，适当的背景噪音不要太大声，也不要完全安静实际上可能会提高一个人的创造性思维能力。）”可知，70 分贝的那组参与者表现好于其他组，所以 70 分贝的噪音背景环境更有可能促进创造性思维能力。故选C 项。 54细节理解题。根据最后一段“So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we cant stop ourselves from getting drawn into others conversations whil

41、e were trying to focus. Indeed, theresearchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.（那么，为什么我们中有那么多人讨厌开放式办公室呢？问题可能是，在我们的办公室里，当我们试

42、图集中注意力时， 我们无法阻止自己卷入别人的谈话中。的确，研究人员发现，面对面的互动和对话会影响创作过程，然而， 共同工作空间或咖啡馆在提供一定程度的噪音的同时，也提供不受干扰的自由。）”可知，开放式办公室不受人们欢迎的原因是让我们不断地卷入别人的谈话中，受到很多干扰。故选 D 项。2021年（上海卷） Enough “meaningless drivel”. Thats the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like Lin

43、kedIn gather and use social media data. The House of Commons Science and Technology Committees report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear

44、terms and conditions. “The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third

45、 party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original. It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” saysMiller. Would we pay any more

46、 attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to thinkthey would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practi

47、ce is another matter, hesays. Other organizations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still dont know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise th

48、ings that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 yearstime,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we dont know how companies will use our data because their business models anduses of data are still evolving. Large collections of persona

49、l information havebecome valuable only recently, he says. The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people dont expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isnt working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and condition

50、s could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Althoughthey would still have to actually read them. （1）What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A.Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B.Warnings from the UK government against u

51、nsafe websites.C.Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D.Insignificant data collected by social media firms.（2）It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _.A.social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB.people would pay as much atten

52、tion to a kitemark as they thinkC.a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD.the kitemark would help companies develop their business models（3）Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _.A.their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB.

53、the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC.the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD.it remains unknown how users data will be taken advantage of（4）The writer advises users of social media to _.A.think carefully before posting anything onto such websi

54、tesB.read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC.take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD.avoid providing too much personal information（5）Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B.New security rules in operation?C.Accept without rea

55、ding?D.Administration matters!【答案】 （1）A（2）B（3）D（4）B（5）C 【考点】推理判断题，词义猜测题，社会现象类，议论文 【解析】【分析】这是一篇社会现象类阅读。当我们在社交媒体上注册登记的时候，总会签署一些无意义的法律合同，文章就此现象展开了讨论，并列举了多人的不同观点。（1）A 词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句可知很多社交媒体公司和用户签订了没有意义的法律合同。而这些合同是没有意义的废话，也起不到任何作用，很多用户根本没有仔细阅读合同的具体内容。故A正确。（2）B 推理判断题。根据第五段前二句“Would we pay any more attenti

56、on to a kitemark? “I thinkif you went and did the survey, people would like tothink they would,” 及本段最后一句可知Nigel Shadbolt认为如果我们去做相关调查，人们会认为他们会很注意这些认证标记的，但在实际操作上又是另一回事。故B项正确。（3）D 推理判断题。根据第六段最后一句“We still dont know how significant the long-term impact is goingto be of unwise things that kids put on soc

57、ial media that come back and bitethem in 20 years time,” he says.可知我们现在还不知道所签署的这些长期的无意义的合同未来会给他们带来什么样的影响。也不知道未来人们会怎么利用这样的信息。故D项正确。（4）B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句If properly administered, a kitemark on terms andconditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Althoughthey would still have t

58、o actually read them.可知文章建议我们即使有认证标志，我们也应该认真阅读那些无意义的合同中的条款和内容，我们要知道我们所签署的协议的具体内容。故B正确。（5）C 标题概括题。现在的网站中或者社交媒体软件中，我们在注册用户名或安装的时候，总会有一些合同或条约让我们签署。很多人从来都没有详细阅读这些合同条款就签名了。文章就此话题展开讨论，作者提出我们应该仔细阅读条款内容，然后再签名。故C项Accept without reading?未阅读就接受?符合文章中心思想。其余三项与文章内容不贴切。【点评】主旨大意题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，这类题目考查的范围是：基

59、本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。选择标题则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当，用词简短、精练。文章标题的选择或拟定要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系；再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何；要注意题目是过大还是过小；要避免下列三种错误：概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；过度概括（多表现为人为扩大范围）；以事实、细节替代抽象概括的大意。 要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方式。一般来说，

60、标题的拟定方式是：以话题为核心，将控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组。以第5小题为例, 现在的网站中或者社交媒体软件中，我们在注册用户名或安装的时候，总会有一些合同或条约让我们签署。很多人从来都没有详细阅读这些合同条款就签名了。作者提出我们应该仔细阅读条款内容，然后再签名。C项“Accept without reading?未阅读就接受?”符合文章中心思想。推理判断题。根据第一段“During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about oft

61、en.（在一次采访我的一本书时，我的采访者说了一些我至今还经常想起的话。）”可知，作者提到有人采访自己的书，所以可以推断，作者是一位作家。故选D 项。2021 年（天津卷）When starting college, most students enjoy a weeks stay on campus before classes actually begin. What should you do with that time? Below are several tips to ease（使熟悉） yourself into college life.Participating in Ca

62、mpus Welcome ActivitiesMost universities host welcome events before the academic year officially begins, including freshmen orientations（迎新会），campus picnics, and entertainments like concerts.Participating in such events is a great way to learn about school facilities and understand campus culture: W

63、hat do students do for fun? What are their favorite classes? What is the history of your university? It can help you observecampus life outside the classroom.Exploring CampusGetting to know where essential campus resources aresuch as the student advising center, psychological services, and the tutor

64、ing centerwill make your first few weeks on campus a lot easier, because you wont have to look for them while still getting used to your classes.Take some time to check out the buildings where your classes will be held. This will prevent you from getting lost in the first few days of classes, and fa

65、miliarize you with how long it takes to get from place to place. If youre worried about taking classes one after another in different buildings, a quick test run wont hurt. That way, you will avoidpotential time delays in getting to your classes.Starting a RoutineBefore getting too excited about all

66、 of the fun things you will be able to do during the week, remember that you do have a pretty big schedule change coming up. Starting classes means being in different places at different times, so its a great idea to start getting used to that routine right this week.What helps you most is to schedu

67、le your sleep. Following the planned time will ensure you have enough sleep to get to those early classes and stay wide awake.If you have other daily routines, such as exercising or talking on the phone with family, work those into your day- to-day life before classes start so that you get a better

68、idea of how they fit in with your schedule.36. By participating in campus welcome activities, freshmen can.A. learn about campus cultureB. get their course scheduleC. have a physical examinationD. take an entrance test37. Why are freshmen advised to have a quick test run between buildings?A. To see

69、how many facilities they can use.B. To avoid being late for future classes.C. To help those getting lost on campus.D. To practice running on their way to class.38. When is it best for freshmen to start getting used to the new routine?A. On the first day of their classes.B. Before the orientation wee

70、k.C. After their first-day classes.D. During the orientation week.39. What does the author suggest freshmen do to stay focused in class?A. Take physical exercise before class.B. Leave their phones powered off.C. Take early classes every day.D. Keep to the sleep schedule.40. What is the authors purpo

71、se in writing this passage?A. To offer some tips on making an easier start at college.B. To remind freshmen about the first day of school.C. To help freshmen organize campus activities.To share his college experience with the reader.【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要针对新生真正开学前一周的活动给出一些建议，帮助新生轻松开始大学生活。36.细节理解题。根据 Partic

72、ipating in Campus Welcome Activities 标题下的第二段中“Participating in such events is a great way to learn about school facilities and understand campus culture:（参加这些活动是了解学校设施和了解校园文化的好方法）”可知，参加欢迎活动可以了解校园文化，故选择 A 项。37.细节理解题。根据Exploring Campus 标题下的第二段中“That way, you will avoid potential time delays in getting

73、 to your classes.（那样，你将会避免在去上课时可能出现的延误）”可知，快跑测试，可以避免将来上课迟到，故选择 B 项。38.细节理解题。根据 Starting a Routine 标题下的第一段“Starting classes means being in different places atdifferent times, so its a great idea to start getting used to that routine right this week.（课程开始意味着在不同的时间呆在不同的地方，所以就在这周开始习惯这种常规活动是个好主意）”可知，righ

74、t this week 指的是正式开学前的这一周，也叫 orientation week“迎新周” ，故选择D 项。39.推理判断题题。根据 Starting a Routine 标题下的第二段“What helps you most is to schedule your sleep.Following the planned time will ensure you have enough sleep to get to those early classes and stay wide awake.（最有帮助的就是安排好的你的睡眠，按照计划的时间，将确保你有足够的睡眠来参加早上的课程，并

75、保持清醒）”可知，想要保持清醒专注，就要保证睡眠时间。故选择D 项。40.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Below are several tips to ease（使熟悉） yourself into college life.（以下是几个帮你轻松进入大学生活的建议）”可知，作者主要是提出一些轻松开始大学生活的建议。故选择A 项。2020 年（全国 I 卷）Returning to a book youve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. Theres a welcome familiarity but al

76、so sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books dont change, people do. And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental regist

77、er. Its true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, its all about the present. Its about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.There are three books I reread annually.

78、The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingways A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉 的 )，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillards Holy the Firm, her

79、poetic 1975 ramble ( 随 笔 ) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazars Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine tha

80、t, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, its you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.1. Why does t

81、he author like rereading?A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.B. Its a window to a whole new world.C. Its a substitute for drinking with a friend.D. It extends the understanding of oneself.2. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?A. Its a brief account of a trip.B. Its about Hemi

82、ngways life as a young man.C. Its a record of a historic event.D. Its about Hemingways friends in Paris.3. What does the underlined word currency in paragraph 4 refer to?A. Debt.B. Reward.C. Allowance.D. Face value.4. What can we infer about the author from the text?He loves poetry. B. Hes an editor

83、.C. Hes very ambitious. D. He teaches reading.【答案】24. D25. B26. B27. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。 【24 题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But books dont change, people do. And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二 段 “Th

84、e beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的， 我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选 D 项。【25 题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, its his classic

85、memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可知，这本书出版于 1964 年，这是他关于 20 世纪 20 年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出 A Movable Feast 是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选 B 项。【26 题详解】词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语

86、境可推知，“rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B 项。【27 题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortzars Save Twilight: selected poems, because poetry.(第三本书是胡里奥科塔扎的拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A 项。2020年(全国卷II)

87、I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books

88、 I checked out from the library.My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my

89、 life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out th

90、e stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.As a no

91、velist, Ive found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they cant afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight

92、 book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.32. Which word best describes the authors relationship with b

93、ooks as a child?A. Cooperative.B. Uneasy.C. Inseparable.D. Casual.33. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Pleasure from working in the library.B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.C. Wonderment from acting out the stories.D A closer bond developed with

94、the readers.34. What does the author call on other writers to do?A. Sponsor book fairs.B. Write for social media.C. Support libraries.D. Purchase her novels.35. Which can be a suitable title for the text?A. Reading: A Source of KnowledgeB. My Idea about writingC. Library: A Haven for the YoungD. My

95、Love of the Library【答案】32. C 33. B 34. C 35. D【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while othe

96、r kids played ball or went to parties. I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。【33题详解】词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew older and became a mother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I had several children an

97、d books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅

98、读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.( 我认为所有的作家

99、都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可推断，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。【35题详解】主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。2020年(全国卷II)Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they

100、think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skil

101、ls. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children

102、who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.The pa

103、rents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills

104、. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.24. In which aspect do children benefit from puzz

105、le play?A. Building confidence.B. Developing spatial skills.C. Learning self-control.D. Gaining high-tech knowledge.25. What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment？A. Parents age.B. Childrens imagination.C. Parents education.D. Child-parent relationship.26 How do boy differ

106、 from girls in puzzle play?A. They play with puzzles more often.B They tend to talk less during the game.C. They prefer to use more spatial language.D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.27. What is the text mainly about?A. A mathematical method.B. A scientific study.C. A woman psychologis

107、tD. A teaching program.【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B【解析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 develop better spatial skill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B. Developing spatial skills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。【

108、25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for difference in parents income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.( Levine说，在控制了不同父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C. Parents education.(父

109、母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。【27题详解】主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符

110、合以上说法，故选B项。2019年（全国卷I）During the rosy years of elementary school（小学）, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but

111、 by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables p

112、lays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the coo

113、l kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage（从事）in dangerous and risky behavior.”In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popula

114、rity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究）. “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while li

115、kability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In

116、analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an adv

117、antage, ” he said.32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.33.What is the second paragraph mainly about？A. The classification of the popular.B. The characteristics of adolescents.C. The importance of interpersonal skills.

118、D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.34. What did Dr. Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids?A. They appeared to be aggressive.B. They tended to be more adaptable.C. They enjoyed the highest status.D. They performed well academically.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Be Nice-You

119、Wont Finish Last B. The Higher the Status, the Beer C. Be the Best-You Can Make It D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness【分析】本文是一篇议论文。受欢迎在小学阶段是因为分享，在中学阶段却是因为叛逆和与众不同。心理学家将受欢迎分类为讨人喜欢的人和地位寻求者，讨人喜欢的人不仅有良好的人际关系，他们的以后的人生也有积极的经历。而那些追求地位的孩子往往会从事一些比较危险的活动。32.C 推理判断。将elementary school定位在第一段，作者小时候enjoyed sh

120、aring my dolls and jokes，这让她在同学中有较高的社会地位。unkind不善良的；lonely孤独的；generous慷慨的；cool酷的。Share是慷慨的表现，故答案为C。33.A 段落大意。本段通过临床心理学教授对“受欢迎”进行分类：讨人喜欢的人和地位寻求者。前者与他人相处融洽的品质加强了校园友谊，激发了人际交往技巧，并且在很早的时候，就被用在了生活和工作中；而后者通过权力带来的地位，甚至有不光彩的行为。所以本段的中心是对“受欢迎的人”的分类，故答案为A。34.B 细节理解题。将题干中的the most liked定位在第四段第一句。通过分析引号中的“We foun

121、d that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.可知，最不受欢迎的和地位高的人都会有攻击性。受喜爱会导致健康的适应，而地位高的却相反。

122、故答案为B。35.A 主旨大意题。本文讲述受喜爱不仅有积极的结果，而且还为学习和新的生活体验创造机会。所以选项A：与人为善你不会吃亏的。故答案为A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意等题型的考查，是一篇议论文阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2018年 (江苏卷)If you want to disturb the car industry，youd better have a few billion dollars：Momandpop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest

123、car companies.But in agriculture，small farmers can get the best of the major players.By connecting directly with customers，and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems(生态系统)，small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys.As the cofounder of the National You

124、ng Farmers Coalition (NYFC，美国青年农会) and a family farmer myself，I have a frontrow seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry.For example，take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester，a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer，Jonathan Dysinger，in Tennessee，

125、with a small loan from a local Slow Money group.It enables smallscale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per houra huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by handsuddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California.Before the tool

126、came out，small farmers couldnt touch the price per pound offered by California farms.But now，with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product，they can stay in business.The sustainable success of small farmers，though，wont happen without fundamental changes to the industry.

127、One crucial factor is secure access to land.Competition from investors，developers，and established large farmers makes owning ones own land unattainable for many new farmers.From 2004 to 2013，agricultural land values doubled，and they continue to rise in many regions.Another challenge for more than a

128、million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a nonexistent path to citizenshipthe greatest barrier to building a farm of their own.With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering(多于) farmers younger than 35 by six to one，and with twothirds of the nations farmland in need of a new farmer，w

129、e must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nations food.There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy，but farmers cant clumsily put them together before us.We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland cons

130、ervation，as we push for immigration reform，and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers from all backgrounds.With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress，consumers must take a stand with young farmers.61The author mentions car industry

131、at the beginning of the passage to introduce .Athe progress made in car industryBa special feature of agricultureCa trend of development in agricultureDthe importance of investing in car industry答案B解析推理判断题。文章开头首先提到汽车行业的特点，“如果想进军汽车行业，你最好有几十亿美元：家庭经营的汽车制造厂不大可能击败最大的汽车公司”；接着指出“但是在农业方面，小农场主可以胜过大农场主”。由此可知，

132、作者开头提到汽车行业是为了通过对比介绍农业的一个特色。62What does the author want to illustrate with the example in Paragraph 2?ALoans to small local farmers are necessary.BTechnology is vital for agricultural development.CCompetition between small and big farms is fierce.DSmall farmers may gain some advantages over big ones.

133、答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“.suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California.”以及“.they can stay in business.”可知，Quick Cut Greens Harvester的发明让小农场可以与加利福尼亚的大农场竞争，并且可以继续经营下去，也就是说小农场主可能比大农场主获得了一些优势。63What is the difficulty for those new farmers?ATo gain more financial ai

134、d.BTo hire good farm managers.CTo have farms of their own.DTo win old farmers support.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Competition from investors，developers，and established large farmers makes owning ones own land unattainable for many new farmers.”可知，来自投资者、开发商和资深的大农场主的竞争使许多新农场主无法拥有自己的土地，也就是说，新农场主面临的困难是“有自己的农场”。6

135、4What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy?ASeek support beyond NYFC.BExpand farmland conservation.CBecome members of NYFC.DInvest more to improve technology.答案A解析推理判断题。根据题干中的“a more sustainable and fair farm economy”定位到文章最后一段。该段提到NYFC在敦促国会增加耕地保护等方面需要支持，有关国会将要讨论的新农业法案，消费者必须与年轻农民站在一起。由此可知，为了使农场经济可持续和公平发展，农场主需要寻求NYFC以外的支持。