专题14 阅读七选五-2024年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（新高考通用）（解析版）.docx

1、专题14 阅读理解之七选五2020-2023年高考英语阅读理解七选五考情分析年份卷别体裁主题语境段首题段中题段尾题2023新高考I卷说明文人与自我自我宽恕和增强自信041新高考II卷说明文人与社会如何开始艺术之旅131全国甲卷说明文人与自我变得更有耐心131全国乙卷说明文人与自然室内植物及其好处0322022新高考I卷说明文人与社会体育与健康041新高考II卷说明文人与自我写文章的技巧140全国甲卷说明文人与社会民族文化传统与习俗131全国乙卷说明文人与社会人际关系与社会关系3112021新高考I卷记叙文人与社会跨文化交流沟通140新高考II卷说明文人与自我提高阅读速度的建议122全国甲卷说明

2、文人与自我 生活故事140全国乙卷说明文人与社会社会交往2212020新高考I卷说明文人与自我生活与学习131全国I卷说明文人与自我生活与学习131全国II卷说明文人与社会人际交往140全国III卷说明文人与社会社会习俗221七选五是高考英语试卷阅读理解的第二节，一篇300字左右的左右的说明文或议论文，其中正文词数240左右，选项词数60左右，留出5个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。短文篇章结构常归纳为：提出问题解决问题，一般不在首句设空。考试说明对该题型的命题目的表述是“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握”。该题型

3、主要测试考生的两大能力：一是把握整篇文章布局和结构能力，二是把握微观信息之间关联性的能力。七选五和完形填空有异曲同工之妙，完形填空填的是词，七选五填的是句子，但七选五在难度上要远远高于完形填空。七选五题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，把握文章脉络。句子在段中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。经常采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式，正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。段首、段中、段尾题在文中所起的作用可归纳为下表：挖空位置逻辑关系具体解读段首题主旨句常以段落小标题或主题句的形式出现。承上启下句此空处的答案可以将前

4、段和后段的内容连贯起来。段中题例证关系空后的句子是为了证明前一句而举的例子。例证的形式多种多样，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有：for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words/that is to say等。时间关系表示时间关系的标志词语有：now, then, afterwards, five minutes later, soon, before long, after that, meanwhile, to this

5、day, just now, just then等。转折关系若空格前后两句之间是逻辑或意义上的逆转，则空格处很有可能表示转折。表示转折关系的标志词语有：but, however, yet, while/though/although, or/otherwise, on the contrary, instead, nevertheless (然而), still, in contrast/comparison, by comparison等。强调关系表示强调关系的标志词语有：above all, indeed, surely, certainly, of course, after all,

6、at least, at most等。因果关系表示因果关系的标志词语有：because, thanks to, because of, due to, so, therefore, thus, consequently (结果), as a result / consequence (of), so/such .that ., so that .等。递进关系若空格前后两句之间是逻辑或意义上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个表示递进的句子。表示递进关系的标志词语有：too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, likewise, simil

7、arly, whats more, whats worse, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not . but ., not only . but also, even more, once more等。并列关系表示并列关系的标志词语有：and, first(ly), second(ly); first, then/next; to begin with, some . others .; for one thing, for another thing; then/next, finally/last等。段尾题总结句用于总结本段内容

8、，常含有总结性的词语。承上启下句此空处的答案能够将前段和后段的内容连贯起来。题型归纳题型01 主旨概括题【题型诠释】主旨概括题主要考查考生对文章或段落进行概括的能力，它要求考生在阅读文章时，能够提炼其中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用概括能力提取文章的主题、观点以及作者的情感态度。这类题常以考查段落标题为主，设题位置一般在段首，有时总结性的语句也会出现在段中或段尾。这类题有时也会考查整篇文章的主旨大意，即文章的主题句，一般会在首段设空。概括起来讲，命题人通常从两个方面设题：概括文章或段落的主题句或结论性语句；段落标题。解答主旨概括题通常采用浏览的方式，即重点搜索本段的主题线索词并快速理清主

9、旨大意，然后浏览选项，准确判定出与主旨大意匹配的选项。【典例1】(2023上浙江高三台州中学校联考期中)It can be hard to stay motivated when you are on a training plan and this can lead to you missing essential sessions. 36 Luckily, we have some tried and tested motivational tricks that will ensure you keep running all year around.Run with a partner

10、. If you can, ask a friend to run with you, as then you have a reason to go out, even when you dont want to. 37 You need someone who will help you out of the door on cold winter mornings. 38 A fast-track way to lose your motivation is to always run the same route over and over again. Mix it up by ch

11、anging where you run. Try a new route and you will focus on things like how you are feeling rather than when you hit the next lamppost or tree.Mix up the training. 39 If you usually go for a long, slow run on a Sunday morning, why not try a little sprint session instead? You can pick a landmark anyw

12、here and run as fast as you can until you get to it, before slowing down again to recover.Listen to music. The race itself will have plenty of motivational factors to keep you going, with the crowds cheering and other runners to concentrate on, but if you are out on your own, your favorite song can

13、really cheer you up if youre feeling that lull (低谷期) come over you. 40 A. Vary your locations.B. Stimulate your motivation.C. You also need to vary your training patterns.D. This is especially the case when it comes to the cold months.E. Make sure you dont pick someone who is likely to cancel on you

14、.F. Some music devices will help you to stay motivated and on target.【答案】36. D 37. E 38. A 39. C 40. G【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些增强跑步动力的方法。36. D 根据上文“It can be hard to stay motivated when you are on a training plan and this can lead to you missing essential sessions. (当你在一个训练计划中很难保持动力，这可能会导致你错过重要的课程。)”可知

15、，空格处应该进一步说明不利的条件。选项D. This is especially the case when it comes to the cold months. (在寒冷的月份尤其如此。)说明的是不利的条件，承接上文；符合语境。故选D。37. E 根据下文“You need someone who will help you out of the door on cold winter mornings. (你需要有人在寒冷的冬天早晨帮你出门。)”可知，前面的句子应该是说要找一个适合的人一起跑步。选项E. Make sure you dont pick someone who is li

16、kely to cancel on you. (确保你没有选择一个可能会取消你约会的人。)说明的是找一个合适的人，符合语境，引出下文。故选E。38. A 根据下文“A fast-track way to lose your motivation is to always run the same route over and over again. Mix it up by changing where you run. (让你失去动力的一个快速途径就是总是一遍又一遍地跑同样的路线。通过改变你跑步的地方来混合。)”可知，前面的句子应该是说要改变跑步的地点。选项A. Vary your loca

17、tions. (改变你的位置。)符合语境，能够作为本段的主题句。故选A。39. C 根据上文“Mix up the training. (混合训练。)”为本段的主题句，可知，空格处应该进一步说明改变训练方式。选项C. You also need to vary your training patterns. (你还需要改变你的训练模式。)符合语境，承接上文。故选C。40. G【解析】根据前文“The race itself will have plenty of motivational factors to keep you going, with the crowds cheering a

18、nd other runners to concentrate on, but if you are out on your own, your favorite song can really cheer you up if youre feeling that lull(低谷期) come over you. (比赛本身会有很多激励因素让你继续前进，人群会欢呼，其他选手也会集中精力，但如果你一个人出去，你最喜欢的歌曲真的可以让你振作起来，如果你感到平静。)”可知，空格处的句子应该是说音乐帮助度过低谷期有关的话题。选项G. Music can help keep you going when

19、 the running gets a little tough. (当跑步变得有点艰难时，音乐可以帮助你继续前进。)承接上文，进一步说明音乐帮助度过低谷期。故选G。题型02 语段过渡题【题型诠释】语段过渡题所涉及的句子是过渡句，具有承上启下的作用，该题型主要考查考生对篇章的理解能力和对上下文之间逻辑关系的分析能力。其设空位置比较灵活，可位于段尾、段首或段中。解这类题通常可采用位置判断法。如果设空位于段首，要瞻前顾后找提示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与之衔接，并结合本段内容，看所选的答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。如果设空位于段中，重点阅读该空的前一句和后一句，找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根

20、据意义的连贯性得出答案；如果还没有把握，再分析该段的中心句。如果设空位于段尾，在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联时，可考虑与下一段开头之间的衔接。仔细阅读下一段开头几句，看是否能与所选选项紧密连接起来。【典例2】(2023上江苏南京高三南京外国语学校校考期中)In China under imperial rule, National Day was a celebration of the Emperors birthday or his rise to the throne. On October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong declared the formation of th

21、e Peoples Republic of China. 36 The holiday is held annually in Hong Kong, Macau, and mainland China.The first seven days of October are referred to as the Golden Week. This is a time of travel and leisure that is celebrated differently in various parts of China. People in cities often travel to rur

22、al areas to relax and enjoy the quiet surroundings. People from urban areas also travel to other cities throughout China to take part in celebrations. 37 Each year, a large National Day celebration is held in Beijings Tiananmen Square.Beijings National Day festivals are filled with military performa

23、nces, food vendors, live music, and various other activities. In Beijing and other cities, musical and dance concerts are held to celebrate National Day. Crafts, painting, and a range of other activities can be enjoyed by people of various ages. 38 This fireworks show is approved by the Chinese gove

24、rnment and some of the highest quality rockets and explosives are used to fill the sky with sparkling colors of gold and red.In addition to patriotic celebrations, National Day in China is also a time for people to enjoy being with their families. Family members of all ages will often use this as an

25、 opportunity to travel to a central location to reconnect after months of working. 39 Although National Day is entered around patriotism and Chinas history, National Day is also a time of shopping. 40 So people should put a bit of money to the side and use this as an opportunity to purchase some of

26、the things that have been on their wish lists for a while.A. On the evening, a grand and elaborate fireworks demonstration is performed.B. Beijing is the center of the largest National Day activities.C. Many companies offer very large discounts on products during Golden Week.D. Ever since then, the

27、first day of October has been a day of patriotism and national celebration.E. On National Day, thousands of soldiers and civilians take part in the massive parades.F. This helps eliminate the stress of work and helps make sure that families remain close.G. China celebrates the Chinese National Day o

28、n October 1st every year.【答案】36. D 37. B 38. A 39. F 40. C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国国庆节的一些活动。36. D 前文“In China under imperial rule, National Day was a celebration of the Emperors birthday or his rise to the throne. On October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong declared the formation of the Peoples Republic of China.(在帝国

29、统治下的中国，国庆节是庆祝皇帝诞辰或登基的日子。1949年10月1日，毛泽东宣布中华人民共和国成立。)”讲述了旧时代的中国确定国庆节的依据，以及1949年10月1日新中国正式成立，由此可知，空处应是说新中国成立后国庆节的确立，D项“从那时起，十月的第一天就是爱国主义和民族庆典的日子。”符合题意，选项中的then指代前文中的On October 1, 1949。故选D。37. B 后文“Each year, a large National Day celebration is held in Beijings Tiananmen Square.(每年，北京天安门广场都会举行大型国庆庆典。)”提

30、到了在国庆节北京在天安门广场举行大型庆典，所以空处应与北京有关，B项“北京是全国最大的国庆节活动中心。”符合题意。故选B。38.【答案】A 【解析】后文“This fireworks show is approved by the Chinese government and some of the highest quality rockets and explosives are used to fill the sky with sparkling colors of gold and red.(这场烟花表演得到了中国政府的批准，一些最高质量的火箭和炸药被用来让天空充满闪闪发光的金色和红

31、色。)”讲述了烟花表演的细节，所以空处应讲述国庆节晚上有烟花表演，A项“当晚会进行一场盛大而精心的烟花表演。”符合题意。故选A。39. F 前文“In addition to patriotic celebrations, National Day in China is also a time for people to enjoy being with their families. Family members of all ages will often use this as an opportunity to travel to a central location to reco

32、nnect after months of working.(除了爱国庆祝活动，国庆节在中国也是人们享受与家人团聚的时刻。所有年龄段的家庭成员都会经常利用这一机会，在工作数月后前往中心地点重新联系。)”讲述了人们会利用国庆假期与家人共享团聚时光，空处位于段末，应总结这样做的好处，F项“这有助于消除工作压力，并有助于确保家庭关系密切。”符合题意。故选F。40. C 前文“Although National Day is entered around patriotism and Chinas history, National Day is also a time of shopping.(虽然

33、国庆节是围绕爱国主义和中国历史而进入的，但国庆节也是购物的时间。)”讲述了国庆节也是购物的时间，后文“So people should put a bit of money to the side and use this as an opportunity to purchase some of the things that have been on their wish lists for a while.(因此，人们应该存一点钱，并以此为机会购买他们愿望清单上已经有一段时间的东西。)”讲述了人们应该省钱在这个时间去购买想要的东西，由此可知，空处应说国庆节期间商家有折扣，C项“许多公司在

34、黄金周期间提供很大的产品折扣。”符合题意。故选C。题型03 细节线索题【题型诠释】细节线索类的试题要求考生更加注重文章中的细节，比如某个关键的单词或数字等。解答这类试题经常用到的方法有：词汇复现法、词汇同现法、代词线索法、逻辑关系线索法等。复现法是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即在文章中不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。复现的形式主要包括原词复现、同(近)义词复现、反义词复现等。词汇同现是指属于同一词汇范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中同时出现，达到语意衔接的目的。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。代词线索法：英语

35、文章中代词出现的频率极高，代词一般用来指代前面提及的名词，考生如果能巧妙地利用这样的指代关系或根据代词的单复数就可以准确而快速地解题。逻辑关系线索法：一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常有并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、解释、因果、过渡、例证等关系，有时甚至包含不止一种这样的关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。考生可利用文章的复现特点，在解题时注意选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相反的词。还可以利用词汇同现、句子中的一些代词，找到同现的词。另外，如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，考生就可以利用其来进行推理判

36、断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要考生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，作出正确的判断。【典例3】(2023上江苏盐城高三盐城市伍佑中学校联考阶段练习)A favorite musical tune can fuel positive memories, boost your mood, and create a relaxing setting. 36 Here are some ways to dig into the power of music。Having trouble staying motivated during workout? 37 Re

37、search in the November 2019 Psychology of Sport and Exercise found that upbeat music can make a workout seem less challenging and more enjoyable. In the study, people performed high-intensity interval training (HIIT). The exercisers in the music group reported enjoying their workout more than those

38、in the slow or non-music groups. 38 But waking up to a pleasant tone instead of a sharp alarm can reduce morning sleepiness and improve efficiency, suggests a study published online Jan. 28, 2020, by PLoS One. Set your smart phone alarm to play soft, harmonic sounds or a relaxing tune. Music helps t

39、o relieve stress in a medical procedure. An analysis of 72 trials involving almost 7,000 patients found that patients who listened to music before, during, and after surgery reported less pain. Earlier studies had found that listening to music during dental work lowered peoples anxiety levels. Music

40、 produces a calming effect by stimulating the brains pleasure region. The right choice of music also appears to be necessary. I 39 “Music that is predictable can promote feelings of control and calm,” she says. Many studies have shown that students who listen to slow and peaceful sounds have less an

41、xiety. According to Diaz - Falcon, these sounds provide a calming environment and block distractions in your thought process. She says, “Peaceful music is also believed to activate areas in your brain responsible for analytically thinking and creativity, as well as increasing the brains ability to a

42、bsorb and store information.” 40 A. Try some relaxing music.B. Turn up some music with a fast beat.C. Music has long served as a sleep aid.D. Professor Diaz- Falcon says music can increase your energy.E. Try listening to such sounds the next time you face a complex task.F. People respond best to fam

43、iliar music, according to Professor Diaz- Falcon.G. Used in specific ways, music is also a valuable tool for supporting your health.【答案】36. G 37. B 38. C 39. F 40. E【解析】本文是说明文。喜欢的音乐曲调可以激发积极的记忆，提升你的情绪，并创造一个放松的环境。文章介绍了一些发掘音乐的力量的方式。36.【答案】G【解析】前文“A favorite musical tune can fuel positive memories, boos

44、t your mood, and create a relaxing setting. (一首最喜欢的音乐曲调可以激发积极的记忆，提升你的情绪，并创造一个放松的环境。)”说明音乐有很多好处，选项G中有个also，也是再说音乐的好处。且下文与选项的specific ways相照应。G项“以特定的方式使用，音乐也是一个支持你的健康的宝贵的工具”符合语境，故选G。37. B 设空处后文提到“Research in the November 2019 Psychology of Sport and Exercise found that upbeat music can make a workout

45、seem less challenging and more enjoyable (2019年11月的运动和锻炼心理学研究发现，乐观的音乐可以让锻炼看起来不那么具有挑战性，而更令人愉快)”这里的“upbeat”与B项中的“fast beat”相对应。因此推断B项“打开一些快节奏的音乐”符合语境。故选B。38. C 设空处为段首。且设空后方有一个转折连词but，后文“But waking up to a pleasant tone instead of a sharp alarm can reduce morning sleepiness and improve efficiency”讲到要伴随

46、愉快的音调的音乐起床，跟睡眠有关。C项中的“a sleep aid”一致，因此推断C项“音乐长期以来都作为一种音乐辅助”符合语境。故选C。39. F 设空处前面“The right choice of music also appears to be necessary.”提到正确的音乐选择是有必要的。所以设空与音乐的选择有关。F项“根据Professor Diaz- Falcon教授，人们对熟悉的音乐反应最好”与之相符。故选F。40. E 本段第一句“Many studies have shown that students who listen to slow and peaceful s

47、ounds have less anxiety.”提到很多研究表明，听慢而平和的音乐的学生表现的没有那么焦虑，下文对这种音乐的作用进行解释。E项中的“such sounds”指代的是这种声音。因此推断E项“下一次你面对一个复杂的任务时，尝试听听这样的音乐”符合语境。故选E。高考练场题型01 主旨概括题(2023年全国II卷英语真题七选五)As an artist who shares her journey on social media, Im often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunatel

48、y, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So Ive put together some good tips for starting an art journey. Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboar

49、d for more complex works in the future. 36 Youll want to look back on your journey to see how far youve come. Paint often and paint from life. Theres no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possibl

50、e. 37 Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 38 Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club; weve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online. 39 Seeking and accepting constru

51、ctive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.The journey youre on wont follow a straight path. 40 Push through, give it time and put in the ef

52、fort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.A. Get out of your comfort zone.B. Make career plans and set goals.C. Dont throw away your beginner art.D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.E. Youll hit roadblocks, and youll feel discouraged at times.F. Evaluate your performance

53、 and, if needed, redefine your role.G. Youll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.【答案】36.C 37. G 38. A 39. D 40. E【解析】本文是一篇说明文。作者作为一名艺术家，分享了如何开始艺术之旅的一些实用建议，如从小处开始、勤练习、挑战新事物、寻求和接受建设性反馈等，鼓励读者投入时间和精力，坚持不懈，从艺术生活中收获回报。36. C 空前提到使用素描本进行小型研究并作为灵感来源；空后提到你会想回顾你的旅程，看看你已经走了多远。C项“

54、不要丢掉你新手时期的艺术作品”承上启下，符合语境。故选C。37. G 空前讨论了尽可能多地画画和实景绘画，无论你画的是静物、肖像还是风景画。G项“你只有通过重复画画才能锻炼出绘画的肌肉记忆”承接上文，与上文的“经常画画”和“实景绘画”相吻合。故选G。38. A 空前说“不断挑战自己，去尝试新事物”；空后说“艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦”。A项“走出你的舒适区”承上启下，符合语境。故选A。39. D 空后说“寻求和接受建设性反馈对于成长至关重要”。D项“如果你感觉舒服，分享你的作品”既与“接受反馈”相呼应，又与后文的“在社交媒体上发布作品”相吻合。故选D。40. E 空前说“你的旅程不会是一条笔直的

55、道路”；空后说“要坚持，投入时间并付出努力”。E项“你会遇到路障，有时你会感到沮丧”承上启下，符合语境。故选E。题型02 语段过渡题(2023年新高考全国I卷英语真题七选五)Personal ForgivenessTaking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but dont beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. 36 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.In a journal

56、 or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 37 Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They dont have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that youre proud of.At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this

57、one, list all the positive things youve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 38 You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your li

58、st. 39 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, dont wait until youve made a mistake to try this its a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.Its something of a clich (陈词滥调) that most people learn

59、 not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, its true. 40 We re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.C. They might even l

60、ike to have a go at doing the exercise.D. Its just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.E. It doesnt mean you have to ignore whats happened or forget it.F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isnt a fixed aspect of your pers

61、onality.【答案】36. D 37. B 38. F 39. C 40. G【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。36. D 根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but dont beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. (为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任

62、固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. (你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“Its just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. (宽恕自己也同样重要)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。37. B 根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, pu

63、t the heading “Personal strengths. ” (在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They dont have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that youre proud of. (你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行)”可知，空处指的是列出一

64、些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. (现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。38. F 根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things youve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a f

65、riend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. (在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, no matter how small i

66、t might seem, write it down. (不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。39. C 根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. (这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方

67、式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. (他们甚至可能想试一试做练习)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. (你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, dont wait until youve made a mistake to try t

68、his its a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. (事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法)”中的“this”一致。故选C。40. G 根据空前内容“Its something of a clich (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, its true. (大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的)”可知

69、，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isnt a fixed aspect of your personality. (不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面)”符合语境，G项中的“isnt a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. (我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的

70、方式)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。题型03 细节线索题(2023年全国乙卷英语真题七选五)Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 36 , but studies have shown that they can promote peoples wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducin

71、g stress and helping their memory. Whats more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.What are indoor plants?Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in

72、the UK, especially in the winter. 37 .Why are indoor plants good for you?Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “ 38 . I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can impr

73、ove creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 39 .Which plants can you grow?Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants ar

74、e some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature which is part of the joy of owning plants. “ 40 ,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a

75、new interest and focus into peoples lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”A. All plants are differentB. Not only do they look beautifulC. There are many benefits to growing plants indoorsD. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmerE. Plants like peace lilies and devils

76、tongue are among the bestF. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also helpG. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding【答案】36. B 37. D 38. C 39. E 40. G【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。36. B 根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote peo

77、ples wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not onlybut“不仅而且”结构。由此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。37. D 根据上文“Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growin

78、g outside in the UK, especially in the winter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer(相反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。38. C 根据下文“I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.(我发

79、现在冬天的几个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪)”可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors(在室内种植植物有很多好处)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。39. E 根据上文“There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful che

80、micals from paints or cooking.(也有研究表明，盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化学物质)”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E. Plants like peace lilies and devils tongue are among the best(像和平百合和魔芋之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物，符合语境。故选E。40. G 根据上文“Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you g

81、et to care for them as they mature-which is part of the joy of owning plants.(年轻植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟时照顾它们这是拥有植物的乐趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的)能够承接上文，同时引起下文，下文“It can bring a new interest and focus into peoples live

82、s and help to make the link between home and nature.”(它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。)”具体介绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。名校模拟(1)(2023浙江德清县高级中学校考模拟预测) Across Asia many people have just witnessed the natural wonder that is a total solar eclipse. 1 This weeks total eclipse could be seen in eastern India befor

83、e slowly moving across Burma, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Japan, and the Pacific Ocean. Yesterday, when it reached eastern China, people flocked (聚集) into the streets to witness the astronomical wonder.As daylight disappeared and the sky quickly darkened. 2 Cities such as Shanghai were plunged into (

84、陷入) darkness during what is thought to be the longest total eclipse of the 21st century. It lasted 6 minutes and 39 seconds.Total solar eclipses of such a long duration are very rare events. 3 Shao Zhenyi, an astronomer at the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory in China explained: “Well have to wait

85、a few hundred years for another opportunity to observe a solar eclipse that lasts this long? so its a very special opportunity. But while millions celebrate this phenomenon, it should be remembered that total eclipses have not always been such treasured events. Many cultures traditionally believed t

86、hat a total eclipse was a bad omen (凶兆) or a supernatural event. 4 Others believed that the eclipse signified oncoming disasters. Nowadays it appears that these fears and superstitions (迷信) are long forgotten. As daylight once again flooded Asian cities such as Shanghai, whoops and cheers could be h

87、eard among the gathered crowds.Reflecting on what had just happened, one Shanghai resident described the eclipse as “eerie” (怪诞的，奇异的), while another said “Its like magic, the day turns into night in such a short period of time. I have no idea where I am right now. 5 A. It feels like a different worl

88、d.B. They happen but once in a lifetime.C. Those watching were left far from disappointed.D. Some believed that evil gods were eating the Sun.E. People were frightened by the sudden darkness.F. Some people thought it was a natural wonder.G. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Sun, Moon and Earth l

89、ine up in such a way that our view of the Sun is totally hidden by the Moon.(2)(2023广东东莞市东华高级中学校联考模拟预测) Have you ever set a goal for yourself, like getting fit, making honor roll, or being picked for a team? Like lots of people, maybe you started out doing great, but then lost some of that drive and

90、 had trouble getting motivated again. 1 It all comes down to good planning, realistic expectations, and a stick-to-it attitude. Heres what you need to do:First, know your goal. Start by writing down your major goal. For example, “I want to make honor roll,” or “I want to get fit enough to make the c

91、ross-country team,” or even, “I want to play in the Olympics” are all major goals because theyre the final thing the goal setter wants to see happen. 2 Thats how people get things done. You just have to remember that the bigger the goal, the more work it takes to get there.Make it specific. Its easi

92、er to plan for and master a specific goal than an unclear one. 3 Thats pretty unclear. Make it specific by defining what you want to achieve, why you want to get fit, and by when. This helps you make a plan to reach your goal. 4 People often abandon their goals because their expectations are unreaso

93、nable. Part of staying motivated is being realistic about what you can achieve within the time-frame youve planned. Competing on the Olympic ski team is a workable goal if you are 15 and already a star skier. But if youre 18 and only just taking your first lesson, time isnt exactly on your side.Brea

94、k it down. Making any change takes self-discipline. You need to pay constant attention so you dont get sidetracked. 5 For example, lets say you want to run a marathon. If its February and the marathon is in August, thats a realistic time-frame to prepare. Start by planning to run 2 miles and work up

95、 gradually to the distance you need.A. Make it realistic.B. Its OK to dream big.C. What if you keep slipping up?D. Lets say your goal is to get fit.E. So how do you stay motivated and on track with your goal?F. One way to make this easier is to break a big goal into small steps.G. Finding the motiva

96、tion to do it isnt necessarily easy, but it is always possible.(3)（2023上广东高三华南师大附中南海实验高中校考阶段练习）How much time does it take you to sleep, eat and commute every day? 1 That case, time is limited for you to do other meaningful things. Managing your time effectively, therefore, becomes a matter of critic

97、al importance. Here are many things you can do. Work out a plan in advance. 2 This will give you a measure of control over what is going to happen. Whether it is a planner that you stick on the wall or a calendar app on your smartphone, finding an organizing tool that works well for you is essential

98、. Then, record all important events such as exams, projects and rehearsals, so that you can prepare accordingly. 3 This is about the skill of organization. It refers to arranging your personal space at home. So when doing your homework, you are in a tidy place, free from distractions. This includes

99、putting away your mobile phone until you have finished everything that needs to be done. Prioritize (优先考虑) what needs doing. There is only a limited amount of time in a day, and even with good planning and organization, it is not always possible to complete everything that needs to be done. In such

100、circumstances, you will have to decide which task should be completed first. You should classify the activities on the basis of their urgency and importance. 4 Then you can focus on your objective and stick to it. Once you start taking little steps every day to plan, organize and prioritize the acti

101、vities you intend to devote your energy, skills and talents to, you can spare more time to stay with family and friends, pursue a hobby or work on personal development. 5 A. Create favourable conditions.B. This classification is your ultimate goal.C. Balancing them is really a challenge for you.D. T

102、his classification will help determine your priority.E. Think about upcoming events and make a to-do list.F. These basic activities take up an enormous part of your day.G. You will end up reaping (收获) the rewards of time management.(4)（2023上湖北高三华中师大一附中校考期中）Some pals and I were in the midst of a pinb

103、all competition at a bar the other night when the machine kept breaking down. We called over a very busy employee whos responsible for helping keep the place running. He put everything aside to fix our problematic pinball machine twice. 1 A couple of the guys immediately objected, saying the employe

104、e was just doing the job he was paid to do. I insisted and got the group to agree to the plan, although somewhat reluctantly.My pinball wizard didnt stretch out his hand, but how many times have we run across those payment screens that suggest a 20% tip for being handed a sandwich we ordered? 2 Ther

105、e is data to back up the trend: 66% of American adults have a negative view of tipping, and 32% say theyre sick of those payment-screen hints, according to a recent Bankrate survey. 3 I admit there are times I suspect the tipping thing has gone too far - say, when Im at a self-checkout line and ther

106、es still request to leave something extra. But Im generally willing to err on the side of caution: If someone is expecting a tip, Ill assume they have financial reasons to do so. 4 Plus, tipping is good karma (因果报应). Its always worth it to tip in unexpected situations- ones that dont necessarily inv

107、olve a hint on a payment screen. 5 He was so grateful for the $10 tip that later that night, he rewarded our group with well more than $10 in free tokens (代金券) for future play.So next time, there must be no arguments with my friends when times come to tip.A. This leads to whats been called “tipping

108、fatigue (疲劳)”B. So, why am I willing to go against the trend and say yes?C. I suggested we tip him $10 and split the tip among all of us.D. Theres an argument that we should ban tipping altogether.E. Guess what happened next with my pinball-machine fixer at the bar?F. One dollar or two wont make or

109、break me, but it can possibly help with their rent.G. Should they earn far below the minimum wage, employers must make up the difference.(5)（2023湖北襄阳襄阳四中校考模拟预测）You dont need to be an astronomer with a giant telescope to enjoy a simple but spellbinding activity: stargazing. 1 Its so interesting to di

110、scover whats going on. With a bit of practice, and know-how from books and websites, stargazers can spot particular stars and also groups of stars. There is plenty to take in using just your eyes but some people use a telescope for a more detailed look. For the best results, choose a clear night whe

111、n the moon is not very bright. 2 It can be harder to see the stars in towns and cities. It is because of light pollution. The night sky is brightened by light from street lamps, shops and car headlights. The best places for stargazing are open, hilly areas or the coast. 3 It is our home galaxy stret

112、ching across the night sky and is best seen in summer and fall evening skies. If the full moon is up, it will be hard to see. Try going for a night hike instead! Let your eyes adjust to the moonlight and keep your flashlight turned off. 4 That is camping in a national park under a star-filled sky. M

113、any national parks offer various night sky programs, from telescope astronomy events to full moon walks with rangers. Besides, national parks are also great places to know about the animals that are awake at night and asleep during the day. Sit quietly and listen for these creatures. When you head o

114、ut at night, always go with an adult. Dress warmly and take a blanket or a chair to sit on, plus a hot drink to warm you up. You might want to take a camera with you as well, so you can take a photo if you see something amazing in the sky. A whole new world comes alive at night and is waiting to be

115、explored. 5 A. Get prepared for the wonder above.B. Just go outside at night and look up.C. You are supposed to avoid the full moon.D. It also matters which direction you observe.E. In these places, you can look for the Milky Way.F. What is the better way to experience the great wonder?G. Where do y

116、ou prefer to have a stargazing trip at night?参考答案与解析(1)篇【答案】1. G 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了此次21世纪最长日全食的情况，整个日全食过程持续了6分39秒。如此长时间的日全食是非常罕见的事件，想要再次看到可能还得等上几百年。还介绍了历史上人们对于日全食的不同看法。1. 根据上文Across Asia many people have just witnessed the natural wonder that is a total solar eclipse.可知亚洲各地的许多人刚刚

117、目睹了日全食这一自然奇观。由此可知，上文提到了日全食的景象，本句应当是说明这一现象发生的原因。故G选项“当太阳、月球和地球排成一条直线时，我们看到的太阳完全被月球遮住了，日全食就发生了”符合语境，故选G。2. 根据后文Cities such as Shanghai were plunged into (陷入) darkness during what is thought to be the longest total eclipse of the 21st century. It lasted 6 minutes and 39 seconds.可知在这场被认为是21世纪持续时间最长的日全食中

118、，上海等城市陷入了黑暗之中。整个过程持续了6分39秒。由此可知，这次日全食是21世纪持续时间最长的，所以那些观看日全食的人不会失望。故C选项“那些观看的人远远没有失望”符合语境，故选C。3. 根据后文Shao Zhenyi, an astronomer at the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory in China explained: “Well have to wait a few hundred years for another opportunity to observe a solar eclipse that lasts this long?

119、so its a very special opportunity.”可知中国上海天文台的天文学家邵振义解释说:“我们必须等待几百年才能有机会观测到持续这么久的日食。所以这是一个非常特殊的机会。”由此可知，再次看到这么久的日食需要等待几百年，所以这是一生只有一次的机会。故B选项“一生只有一次”符合语境，故选B。4. 根据后文Others believed that the eclipse signified oncoming disasters.可知另一些人认为日食预示着即将到来的灾难。由此可知，本句与后文都是在说明人们对这一现象的看法，其中D选项中some可与后文others构成对应，som

120、eothers“一些人另一些人”。故D选项“有些人相信邪恶的神正在吃太阳”符合语境，故选D。5. 根据上文Reflecting on what had just happened, one Shanghai resident described the eclipse as “eerie”(怪诞的，奇异的), while another said “Its like magic, the day turns into night in such a short period of time. I have no idea where I am right now.可知在反思刚刚发生的事情时，一

121、位上海居民形容日食“可怕”，而另一位说“这就像魔术一样，在这么短的时间内白天就变成了黑夜。我不知道我现在在哪里。”由此可知，本句承接上文说明，日食给人一种进入了不同世界的感觉。故A选项“感觉就像进入了一个不同的世界”符合语境，故选A。(2)篇【答案】1. E 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. F【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文提出了四条如何坚持实现目标的建议。1. 根据上文“Have you ever set a goal for yourself, like getting fit, making honor roll, or being picked for a team? Like lot

122、s of people, maybe you started out doing great, but then lost some of that drive and had trouble getting motivated again.（你曾经为自己设定过目标吗，比如健身，上光荣榜，或者入选球队？像很多人一样，也许你一开始做得很好，但后来失去了一些动力，很难再次获得动力）”以及下文“It all comes down to good planning, realistic expectations, and a stick-to-it attitude.（这一切都归结于良好的计划、现实的

123、期望和坚持下去的态度。）”可知，上文提到失去实现目标的动力的现象，可知，本句在说明与前文现象相关的问题，故E选项“那么，你是如何保持动力并朝着目标前进的呢”符合语境，故选E。2. 根据下文 “Thats how people get things done. You just have to remember that the bigger the goal, the more work it takes to get there.（这就是人们做事的方式。你只需要记住，目标越大，需要付出的努力就越多。）”可知，本句与目标远大有关，B选项中dream big 对应后文That，指的就是有远大梦想

124、这件事，故B 选项“有远大的梦想是可以的”符合语境，故选B。3. 根据上文“Make it specific. Its easier to plan for and master a specific goal than an unclear one.（使目标具体一点。制定和掌握一个明确的目标比制定一个不明确的目标更容易。）”以及下文 Thats pretty unclear. Make it specific by defining what you want to achieve, why you want to get fit, and by when.（这很不清楚。明确你想要达到的目标

125、，为什么要健身，以及什么时候要健身。）可知，上文提到制定明确的目标，后文提到具体的步骤。故本句举一个如何让目标明确的例子，D 选项“假设你的目标是健身。”符合语境。故选D。4. 根据下文“People often abandon their goals because their expectations are unreasonable. Part of staying motivated is being realistic about what you can achieve within the time-frame youve planned.（人们常常因为期望过高而放弃目标。保持动

126、力的一部分是你在计划的时间框架内可以实现的目标要现实。）”提到目标要现实，A选项“现实一点。”符合语境，故选A。5. 根据主旨“Break it down.（把目标分解。）”以及下文 “For example, lets say you want to run a marathon. If its February and the marathon is in August, thats a realistic time-frame to prepare. Start by planning to run 2 miles and work up gradually to the distanc

127、e you need.（例如，假设你想跑马拉松。如果是在2月，而马拉松在8月，这是一个现实的准备时间框架。从计划跑2英里开始，逐渐增加到你需要的距离。）”可知，本句是在举例说明如何分解目标。故F选项“有一种方法可以让这个目标更容易实现，那就是把一个大目标分解成一个个小步骤。”符合主旨，且能连接举的练习马拉松的例子，故选F。(3)篇【答案】1. F 2. E 3. A 4. D 5. G【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕如何管理时间而展开。1. 由上文“How much time does it take you to sleep, eat and commute every day?(你每

128、天花多少时间睡觉、吃饭和通勤？)”可知，设空处所填的句子应该是回答前句，连接后句给出事实的结果。而F项These basic activities take up an enormous part of your day.(这些基本活动占据了你一天中很大一部分时间。)符合语境，其中These basic activities和上文sleep, eat and commute 对应。 故选F项。2. 由上文“Work out a plan in advance.(提前制定一个计划。)”可知，本段主要讲即提前制定计划，而本空设在段首，旨在进一步解释副标题大意。E项Think about upcom

129、ing events and make a to-do list.(思考即将发生的事件，并列出待办事项。)符合语境，其中make a to-do list与上文Work out a plan 对应。故选E项。3. 由下文“This is about the skill of organization. It refers to arranging your personal space at home. So when doing your homework, you are in a tidy place, free from distractions. This includes putt

130、ing away your mobile phone until you have finished everything that needs to be done.(这是关于组织的技巧。它指的是在家里安排你的个人空间。所以，当你做作业时，你在一个整洁的地方，没有分心的事情。这包括把你的手机收起来，直到你完成了所有需要做的事情。)”可知，这段主要讲怎样创造对自己有利的条件。而A项Create favourable conditions.(创造有利条件。)符合语境，其中“arranging”，“a tidy place”，“free from distractions”和“putting aw

131、ay”，与A项“Create favourable conditions”相呼应。故选A项。4. 由上文“You should classify the activities on the basis of their urgency and importance. (你应该根据活动的紧迫性和重要性对其进行分类。)”以及后句“Then you can focus on your objective and stick to it.(然后你可以专注于你的目标并坚持下去。)”可知，设空处所填内容应为将活动进行分类的好处，所以D项This classification will help deter

132、mine your priority.(此分类将有助于确定您的优先级。)符合语境。其中This classification 与上文classify对应。故选D项。5. 由上文“Once you start taking little steps every day to plan, organize and prioritize the activities you intend to devote your energy, skills and talents to, you can spare more time to stay with family and friends, purs

133、ue a hobby or work on personal development. (一旦你开始每天采取一些小步骤来计划、组织和优先安排你打算投入精力、技能和才能的活动，你就可以腾出更多的时间与家人和朋友呆在一起，追求爱好或致力于个人发展。)”可知，这里主要讲一旦提前规划、创造环境并对所做事情进行优化排序，人们将收获时间管理带来的好处。所以G项You will end up reaping (收获) the rewards of time management.(你最终会收获时间管理的回报。)符合语境，对上文有总结作用。故选G项。(4)篇【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. F 5.

134、 E【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和朋友一天晚上去酒吧玩弹球游戏，结果弹球机坏了，工人来给他们修理弹球机的时候，作者想要支付修理工小费，但是他的同伴们并不同意。由此事引发了作者对于支付小费问题的看法。1. 上文“He put everything aside to fix our problematic pinball machine twice. (他把一切都放在一边，两次修理我们有问题的弹球机)”以及下文“A couple of the guys immediately objected, saying the employee was just doing the job h

135、e was paid to do. (几个人立即表示反对，说这名员工只是在做他应得的工作)”说明维修人员给作者他们修理弹球机。空处承上启下，C项中的“him”指代上文中的修理工，下文中的“几个人立即反对的是作者前面提到的建议”。C项“我建议我们给他10美元小费，然后把小费分给我们所有人。”符合语境。故选C。2. 上文“My pinball wizard didnt stretch out his hand, but how many times have we run across those payment screens that suggest a 20% tip for being h

136、anded a sandwich we ordered? (我的弹球高手并没有伸出手来，但是我们有多少次碰到过这样的付款屏幕，上面显示给我们点的三明治20% 的小费？)”说明作者他们觉得付的小费并不合理。空处和前文为因果关系，说明人们觉得小费不合理导致的结果就是人们对给小费感觉到疲劳。A项中的This指代前文“人们觉得没有必要给小费”这件事”。故选A。3. 上文“There is data to back up the trend: 66% of American adults have a negative view of tipping, and 32% say theyre sick o

137、f those payment-screen hints, according to a recent Bankrate survey. (有数据支持这一趋势：根据 Bankrate 最近的一项调查，66% 的美国成年人对小费持负面看法，32% 的人说他们厌倦了付款屏幕上的暗示)”说明人们不愿给小费已经成为了一种趋势。下文“I admit there are times I suspect the tipping thing has gone too far - say, when Im at a self-checkout line and theres still request to l

138、eave something extra.(但是我一般都会谨慎行事：如果有人想要小费，我会假设他们是出于经济原因这样做的)”说明作者原意给小费的理由。空处承接上文引出下文。B项中的“I willing to go against the trend ”和上文“There is data to back up the trend”相呼应，并引出作者原意违反这一趋势的原因。故选B。4. 上文“But Im generally willing to err on the side of caution: If someone is expecting a tip, Ill assume they h

139、ave financial reasons to do so. (但是我一般都会谨慎行事: 如果有人想要小费，我会假设他们是出于经济原因这样做的)”说明有人想要小费是有原因的。空处承接上文，表明小费对于他们的重要性。F项“一两块钱不能决定我的成败，但也许能帮他们付房租。”符合语境。故选F。5. 下文“He was so grateful for the $10 tip that later that night, he rewarded our group with well more than $10 in free tokens (代金券) for future play. (他非常感激那

140、10美元的小费，那天晚上晚些时候，他奖励了我们小组10美元以上的免费代币，以备将来玩耍之用)”说明付小费也会得到回报。空处引出下文，说明作者想让人们看到给小费所得到的回报。E项“猜猜接下来我的弹球机修理工在酒吧发生了什么？”符合语境。故选E。(5)篇【答案】1. B 2. C 3. E 4. F 5. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了观星这一简单但引人入胜的活动，并就如何更好地观星给出建议。1. 上文“You dont need to be an astronomer with a giant telescope to enjoy a simple but spellbinding ac

141、tivity: stargazing.(你不需要是一个拥有巨大望远镜的天文学家，就可以享受一项简单但引人入胜的活动：观星)”说明想要享受观星这一活动不需要有巨大的望远镜，它很简单，B项“晚上出去抬头看看就好了。”介绍观星的简单方法，承接上文，符合题意。故选B。2. 上文“For the best results, choose a clear night when the moon is not very bright.(为了获得最佳效果，请选择一个月亮不太亮的晴朗夜晚)”说明观星时，夜晚的月亮不要太亮，C项“你应该避开满月。”承接上文，符合题意。故选C。3. 上文“The best plac

142、es for stargazing are open, hilly areas or the coast.(观星的最佳地点是开阔的丘陵地区或海岸)”说明观星的最佳地点，以及下文“It is our home galaxy stretching across the night sky and is best seen in summer and fall evening skies.(它是我们的银河系，横跨夜空，在夏季和秋季的夜空中最为明显)”介绍银河系的相关信息，E项中the Milky Way表示“银河系”，是关键词，E项“在这些地方，你可以寻找银河系。”承上启下，“these place

143、s”代指上文提到的“open, hilly areas or the coast.”。故选E。4. 下文“That is camping in a national park under a star-filled sky.(那就是在星空下的国家公园里露营)”说明体验观星的最好方式就是在星空下的国家公园里露营，F项“体验这一伟大奇迹的更好方式是什么？”提出问题，引出下文的答案，符合题意，和下文构成一问一答。故选F。5. 上文“You might want to take a camera with you as well, so you can take a photo if you see something amazing in the sky. A whole new world comes alive at night and is waiting to be explored. (你可能也想带上相机，这样如果你在天空中看到了令人惊叹的东西，你就可以拍张照片了。一个全新的世界在夜晚活跃起来，等待着探索)”介绍为观星这一活动所做的准备，A项中prepared是关键词，A项“为上空的奇迹做好准备。”承接上文，符合题意。故选A。