专题23 写作之夹叙夹议文-2021年高考英语题型大冲关（上海专用）.docx

1、高考夹叙夹议文写作指导知识导图要点精析夹叙夹议文是一种比较常见的写作文体, 以记人叙事为主, 记叙人物的经历或事物/事件发生、发展、变化的过程。兼有总结全文，深化主题。材料常涉及社会生活现象、人物或自然景物。无论记人还是叙事都要通过叙述、描写来加以表达, 把人物的经历或行为、发生的事情/事件用一定的顺序和语言技巧叙述出来。在叙述过程中“人以事显, 事由人生”, 人和事是密不可分的。在一篇记叙文中记人、写景、叙事往往是交织在一起的, 不能简单地分裂开。高考作文一般都不会单纯的记叙某事，而是夹叙夹议。1.写作结构指导：*结构完整, 内容清楚一篇记叙文无论长短都应该是一个完全独立的事实, 因此在下笔

2、时必须明确该从何处开始叙述, 何处结束叙述以及应该提供何种事实才能使叙述完整。*中心突出, 详略得当明确写作目的和叙述的中心思想, 避免空洞的叙述或与主题无关的内容,文章的内容、结构、层次及所用语言都应围绕主题展开进行。叙述时必须繁简疏密相间, 突出主题的内容要加以详细具体的描写, 这样有助于读者对所叙述的人物或事件有个深刻的印象, 而对过渡性的内容作简短的交代即可。*脉络/主线清晰,语言灵活生动一篇好的记叙文需要直接或间接表达以下六要素：事件发生的时间、地点、人物角色、原因、过程和结果(when, where, who, why, what, how)。写作顺序可采用“顺叙”、“倒叙”和“穿

3、插叙述”的方法, 但初学者最好采用”顺叙”的方法进行训练, 即以情节发生时间的先后为序。为了使叙述生动, 具有吸引力, 必须注意词汇运用得恰当、通顺、简洁和准确, 时态、人称要一致, 注重上下文的相关性、连续性, 以及与表达内容的一致性。2.常用句型.Vivid memories come flooding back to . when I was .If my memory serves me right, it happened on .December 27th, 2012 was the most unforgettable day for me.It dated back to .I

4、n terms of appearance, he is of medium build, with small and bright eyes.He/She always wears a friendly smile on his/her face, which makes him/her pretty approachable.I admire him/her for .He/She is enthusiastic/strict/hardworking/devoted/humorous/worthy of our respect.It is he who enlightens my min

5、d; it is he who taps my potential in. it is he who encourages/supports me when I lose confidence.课堂典例1描述你在学校的一次难忘的活动。具体要求如下：1.详细描述活动的情况; 2.简要表述你在活动中的感受。例文：Thursday, December 27th, 2020, was the most unforgettable day in Senior Three for me. It was the first time, as well as the last time that I had

6、performed on the stage of our school at the closing ceremony of the School Art Festival.As scheduled, the ceremony began at 7 oclock that evening and everyone felt excited, awaiting the wonderful performances. In fact, the performances were undoubtedly sensationally terrific, but I just couldnt be f

7、ully absorbed in them. I was a bit nervous. At the summon of the teacher, nearly 200 Senior Three students, including me, went to the back of the stage to prepare for our singing performance. Everyone took his place and after that, I couldnt help thinking that it was my last Art Festival and that I

8、should spare no effort to add a brilliant touch to it. Slowly, the curtain was drawn up. There burst out a loud applause in the audience, louder than whatever Id heard. All the people were expecting a great deal of us and we were standing still, every muscle ready. At the sound of the music, we thre

9、w all the nervousness into the wind and sang to our hearts content. Together we sang out our passion, our belief and our dreams. The charm of the song fascinated everyone and our resounding voice lasted in the auditorium. Absolutely, we sang far better than any of the previous rehearsals and our per

10、formance turned out a success.Very soon, well bid farewell to our beloved Alma Mater and headed into our bright future. However, the unforgettable scene of that day will impress me upon my mind permanently.结构点评引言段：开门见山点出记叙文的核心要素时间、地点、人物和事件中心段：作者用第一人称, 以时间(黑体画线处)为顺序完整具体地叙述了事件的过程, 同时穿插了动作和心理描写(黑体部分),

11、画龙点睛式地表达了作者的感受, 突出了主题。结束段：回归主题, 突出重点语言点评引言段：短句加长句：It was the first time that sb. had done sth. (定语从句), 开头简短精练。中心段：1.以时间为顺序陈述事件; 表时间的词语很灵活, 不单调, 如：as scheduled; at the summon of the teacher; at the sound of the music; slowly; turned out。2.动作和心理描写精确, 如：nervous; couldnt help thinking; every muscle read

12、y; sang to our hearts content。3.长短句运用自然、流畅, 如：everyone felt excited, awaiting the wonderful performances (用分词作伴随状语形象地描写了观众期盼的心情)。4.文中还运用了许多并列结构, 如：I couldnt help thinking that . and that .2简单叙述一下某天你或一位同学生病(或受伤)后的情况。具体包括:1.同学、老师是如何帮助我(他/她)的; 2.人与人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是.例文A few years ago, while still in my j

13、unior high school, I twisted my ankle in a basketball game. I was attempting a lay-up. And when I landed, I landed wrongly and unfortunately twisted my ankle.Immediately, my ankle became swollen and I felt so painful that I couldnt get up and walk. At the very moment I also felt so embarrassed as to

14、 just stay there and not be able to move. Seeing something going wrong with me, my friends and my teacher came over right soon. My teacher, Mr. Lee, first checked the situation of my foot. Knowing that I couldnt play any longer, Mr. Lee took me up and carried me out of the court. Simultaneously, my

15、friends all gave me warm comfort and managed to get me ice in order to lessen the pain. Later on, my parents came and picked me up. Then we went to the hospital and found out that I wouldnt be able to move normally for approximately a month.Although I cramped for a month after that unfortunate incid

16、ent, I felt more happy than frustrated, as I felt the love coming from my teacher and my friends. I was touched for what they did for me right after I got injured. From the incident I understood that being loved and cared is a blessing and that whenever I have the ability to do so for others, I shou

17、ld always lend out a helping hand.结构点评引言段：开门见山点出记叙文的核心要素时间、地点、人物和事件。中心段：作者用第一人称和第三人称(my teacher and friends)穿插, 以时间(黑体画线处)为顺序完整具体地记叙了事件过程, 同时细腻地描写了动作和心理感受(斜体黑体部分), 突出主题。结束段：回归主题，突出重点，最后一句升华主题。语言点评引言段：长短句运用自然：while引导的状语从句和when引导的时间状语从句交代了事件发生的时间, 简短精练。中心段：1.表时间的词语很灵活：副词：immediately, simultaneously, l

18、ater on, then;介词短语：at the very moment; 分词：seeing, knowing2.动作和心理描写精确, 如：painful; embarrassed 3.长短句运用自然, 如：. so painful that I .(结果状语从句); so embarrassed as to .(不定式代替从句); 用分词seeing, knowing作时间状语使得句子结构简洁。结束段：用Although引导让步状语从句作过渡, 引出作者感受; 用more.than.并列结构表达感受, 又用understand that .and that .两句并列的宾语从句加when

19、ever引导的长句结束全文。课堂典例演练1成长道路上难免遇到来自同伴的压力（peerpressure)。同伴压力可能给我们带来积极或者消极的影响。请结合 自己生活中的一个具体事例谈谈你的体会。注意：请勿泄露本人真实姓名和学校姓名。范文：In our daily life, we inevitably confront with peer pressure. Though as it is when we experience it, it actually serves as a motivation as long as we make the most of it.My personal

20、experience can be employed as a case in point to illustrate how peer pressure benefits people. In my first year at high school. I joined the drama club. As a green hand, I was totally ignorant of how to act. However, the other members of the club are skillful performances, who has some sort of actin

21、g experience before. Therefore, I was quite frustrated. When hearing others speak naturally and perform attentively while I was too nervous to utter a word. But my self-esteem didnt allow me to give up. Pressed by the fellows excellence，I was motivated to practice harder. I gradually overcome My shy

22、ness and drew lessons from others performance. As a result, I witnessed my skills improved and eventually become a capable performer as my peers were.It downs on me that peer pressure isnft necessarily something to be afraid of. Our peers act as mirrors from whom we can reflect on ourselves，supporti

23、ng our drawbacks and have making a judgment or improvements. Without these, competitors, we are likely to be under the illusion that there is no room for improvement, and sit still in our comfort zones. It is our peers who constantly remind us to get motivated.In conclusion, I maintain that peer pre

24、ssure plays an indispensable part for us to achieve personal growth. It is imperative of us to foster positive attitude towards it and employ it as a motivation on our voyage of life.演练2以“礼物”为题写一篇作文。该文必须包括以下内容：1 你送礼物的对象以及所送礼物2 该礼物对他（她）可能产生的影响或者带来的变化范文1It is universally acknowledged that a good prese

25、nt is of great value to a person and even prone to change his or her life. As for me, one of the most impressive presents I have given to my friends is a watch which I had used for more than three years.The watch was given to Tom, who is one of my best friends. Diligent and warmhearted as he is, he

26、sometimes has no sense of time, which causes him to be late for many things and leads to some trouble in work. By giving him such a watch, I hope he will pay more attention to punctuality, which will bring him more credibility in life and higher efficiency in both work and study. Besides, he used to

27、 tell me that he might feel lonely in the new environment after leaving the old friends in high school, and thus I hope that such a gift will remind him of the good old days we happily spent together and help him to feel better when he misses me.Anyway, I do wish that Tom will like this present, whi

28、ch hopefully will bring him good luck and motivates him to fight for a better future.范文2As it is universally acknowledged that presents may convey friendship and precious feelings, I have an idea in my mind that a unique gift should be sent to my intimate friend who will leave for the U.S.A in Augus

29、t. To begin with , the present consists of two parts-one photo album and a letter. As she opens the album, the season of happiness and the period of sorrow that we shared together will be unfolded, thus locking the days into her permanent memory. When she misses her homeland and her friends, this al

30、bum may act as the most effective medicine on her homesick. As for the letter, I hope that it may give her power and courage when she is depressed. So I will write in the letter that “there is no way to happiness, happiness is the way. Complete darkness may endure for a night, but it will never over

31、come the radiant light of the morning.” On the whole, the present bears my sincere wishes and it will become an everlasting symbol of our friendship.演练31、我最难忘的一课 2、具体说明为何难忘 3、感想An Unforgettable LessonIn my life I have experienced many important things. But perhaps the most unforgettable thing which

32、is really worth mentioning is the lesson given by my Chinese teacher just after she had an accident.One morning just before our Chinese lesson, we were told our Chinese teacher, Miss Liu, had had an accident. One of her legs was badly injured and she couldnt come to teach us. While we were planning

33、to visit her after school, we also thought that maybe we would be free to do whatever we wanted during our Chinese lesson, and hoped our homework load would be reduced. But to our surprise, shortly after the bell, Miss Liu, with the help of a stick, came to the door of our classroom. With great resp

34、ect w all stood up and greeted her.She sat on a chair and began her lesson. She spoke slowly but forcefully. She prepared her lecture quite well and demanded that we do the same. Towards the end of the lesson, we got lots of homework from her.A good teacher is many things to many people. Everyone ha

35、s definite ideas about what a good teacher is. In my opinion the teachers who demanded the most from the students are perhaps liked best.实战演练训练1临近毕业，回顾三年高中生活，你肯定参加过很多班集体活动。请具体描述你参加过的最难忘的一次活动，并简要说明这次活动对你产生的影响。How time flies! It will be only a month before I graduate from my senior high school. Recall

36、ing what I have experienced, I keep the military training in mind, which was the first class activity of the life in senior high school.With the sun shining in the blue sky, we began our military training with great excitement and confidence. Sweat falling down the face, we stood like soldiers. Howe

37、ver, as time went by, complaints emerged one after another. “Why must we take part in such a tough training?” “Whats the meaning of walking like that?” Some of my classmates even pretended to feel dizzy in order to ask for a sick leave. But the monitor said, “Since we have been here, why not perseve

38、re until the last minute?” Our class teacher also encouraged us not to give up halfway. Inspired by what they said, the whole class kept on hard training, and won the first place in the competition eventually, which was the best reward of the 7-day efforts.Not only did the tough training leave a dee

39、p impression on me but it also increased my courage of facing up to great challenges. By taking part in this unforgettable activity, Ive fully realized that getting something done is just an accomplishment and getting something done well is an achievement. From then on, whenever I meet with difficul

40、ties in my study, I will always strive to the best advantage(努力到最出色).训练2人们常会因自己失去的而悲伤，而往往忽略了自己拥有的。请以“Appreciate What You Have”为题，叙述一件自己经历的，或是看到的，或是听说过的事，并谈谈自己的感受。短文包括： 1.对故事的具体描述； 2.简述自己的感受。Appreciate What You HaveIt seems that people tend to shed tears for what they have lost but turn a poker face

41、at what they are still holding tightly in hand. How much sorrow would vanish if people could learn to appreciate what they have!Here is a story I heard once. A successful artist was being interviewed. Suffering from a rare disease, the young woman had to stay in a wheelchair and wasnt able to speak.

42、 The interview went on smoothly until a journalist asked: “As a seriously disabled, miserable person, why are the teachers cheerful?” The room fell into an embarrassed silence, but the woman didnt seem to care. Picking up a piece of chalk with her swollen hand，she started writing on the blackboard.

43、The words were ugly but still powerful: “I am happy to have a pair of beautiful legs.” “I feel great to wake up with sunshine through my window. “I am glad to have a healthy brain to keep thinking and working. “Most important of all, I only care about what I have instead of what I have lost. All the

44、 journalists present were deeply moved.Had the artist always buried herself in woe of losing, she wouldnt have made any progress and been respected by healthy people. Losing is usually inevitable and unavoidable. So why should we lose heart for what we cant change? By the way, there is something tha

45、t we can hardly lose, such as a bumping heart，a movable hand，and the air around us, which we are used to turning a blind eye to but can never live without. Learn to treasure them, and your life will be free of regrets and misery.Appreciate what you have. Dont let your smile fade for anything that do

46、esnt belong to you.训练3每个人在生活中都有被错怪或冤枉的经历，请讲述一个你的故事并谈谈你当时的感受或看法。Generally acknowledged to us is a proverb, justice and fairness is more brilliant than the sun. Because the sun can warm our body, but can warm our heart, while justice and fairness does. My personal experience confirms this.It was a bri

47、ght sunny day, and I was greatly honored to be asked to fetch the flowers we ordered for my beloved teachers birthday, with the changes in my pocket, which was given by my headteacher as my bus fee. I rushed out the bus, sang into the store, and fetch our order.Everything went on well, until I went

48、onto the bus and put the given changes into the box. “You didnt put enough money!” the bus driver shouted. I blushed under the gaze of the whole bus. “How could? My headteacher gave me the money,1 whispered. My tear was out of my eyes beyond my control on hearing the following scoldings. So humiliat

49、ed was I that I couldn say a word. Without bring my purse, I could do nothing but tearing. How I wished I could have disappeared! I had never been wrongly sentenced like this!A soldier who was standing besides me defended me by putting a full ticket fee into the box, comforting me, t6I believe in you. Its not your fault. You should leam to justify yourself.”Years later, I remember the sun that day, and what the soldier did for me. Justice is in our heart, rather than in others9 eyes. Bearing justice in our mind warms us from the bottom of our heart.