专题41 选择性必修四各单元语法点总结-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识 基本能力双清（译林版2020）.docx

1、专题41 选择性必修四各单元语法点总结-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清（译林版2020）选择性必修四Unit1 语法：状语从句复习 1 时间状语从句 (1) 时间状语从句常由 when、while、as、before、after、until/till、by the time 等引导。 如： When we look at the flag, we think of the countrys history and culture. (2) 有些名词短语（如 the moment、the minute、every time）或副词（如 immediately、directly）

2、也可以引导时间状语从句。如： The moment I heard the news, I hurried to the spot. The minute I entered the wrong classroom, I felt embarrassed. Every time the girl sees me, she greets me with a sweet smile. Tom came up immediately he saw me. 2 地点状语从句 地点状语从句常由 where、wherever 等引导。如： Stand where you are, and I will c

3、ome to help you. I will go wherever I am needed. 3 原因状语从句 原因状语从句常由 because、as、since、now (that) 等引导。如： Since you are tired, you can have a rest. Now that we are all here, lets begin our work. 4 目的状语从句 目的状语从句常由 so that 或 in order that 引导，从句中常含有 may、might、can、 could 等情态动词。如： My mother turned off the TV

4、 so that I could better concentrate on my studies. 5 结果状语从句 结果状语从句常由 so that 引导。在 so/such . that . 结构中，that 也可引导结果状 语从句。如： He spoke at the top of his voice, so that those at the back of the hall heard him. Light travels so fast that it is hard for us to imagine its speed. It was such a cold day that

5、 we stayed home. 6 条件状语从句 (1) 条件状语从句常由 if、unless、so/as long as 等引导。如： Theyll have respect for you as long as you play fair. (2) 有时 supposing (that)、providing/provided (that) 也可引导条件状语从句。如： Supposing you had more money that you could use, how would you spend it? We may go to the party provided that it

6、 does not rain. 7 让步状语从句 (1) 让步状语从句常由 although、though、while、even if、even though、whether . or .、no matter who/what/where 等引导。如： We lost the game although we tried our best. No matter what you do, do it well. (2) as 也可以引导让步状语从句，常用于倒装句型。如： Young as he is, he knows a lot. 8 方式状语从句 方式状语从句常由 as、as if、as t

7、hough 等引导。如： When in Rome, do as the Romans do. He behaved as if he had known nothing about it. 9 比较状语从句 比较状语从句常由 as 或 than 引导。如： He works as hard as his brother does. Dont take on more work than you can handle.选择性必修四Unit2语法：定语从句复习 定语从句有两种，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 1 限制性定语从句对先行项进行限定或修饰，由关系代词或关系副词引导。主句和从 句不

8、用逗号隔开。 (1) 关系代词在从句中通常用作主语、宾语、表语或定语，关系副词在从句中通常用 作状语。如： Mike is one of those who love nature. Can you think of a situation where this word can be used? (2) 当先行项是 way 且在从句中表示“以的方式”时，常由 in which 或 that 引 导定语从句，引导词也可以省略。如： I like the way (in which/that) you smile. (3) 由关系代词 whose 引导的定语从句，其先行项可以指人，也可以指物，w

9、hose 在 从句中充当定语。如： I have a good friend whose mother is a nurse. Id like to live in a room whose window faces south. (4) 关系副词 when、where、why 有时可以用“介词 + 关系代词”替换。如： They fixed a date when/on which they would meet again. I will visit the museum where/in which new robots are exhibited. Can you tell me th

10、e reason why/for which you were late for school yesterday? 2 非限制性定语从句对先行项进行补充说明，由关系代词或关系副词引导。主句和从 句用逗号隔开。 (1) 非限制性定语从句通常由 which、who 等关系代词或 when、where 等关系副词 引导，一般不用 that 引导。如： This is my favourite song, which I first heard ten years ago. Lets put off our appointment until next Monday, when we will be

11、 available. (2) which 引导非限制性定语从句，对整个主句或部分内容进行补充说明。which 可充当抽象名词的限定词。如：100 Jenny said she could finish the project within two weeks, which I doubt very much. Betty spent one year in Beijing, during which time she picked up some Chinese. (3) 非限制性定语从句有时也可以由 as 引导，意为“正如”。由 as 引导的定语从句 可以置于句首、句中或句尾。如： As

12、anybody can see, Nanjing is a beautiful city.选择性必修四Unit3 语法：名词性从句主语从句(The Subject Clause) 在“Itsthat”的句型中，有时表示讲话者明确的建议或表示讲话者“惊讶、惶恐”的语气时，that从句里要用“(should) do”的动词形式。如： It is necessary that we (should) read English every day. Its surprising that the girl (should) marry so early. It is suggested that th

13、e road (should) be repaired at once. Its important(an important thing) that we should read English every day. Itsdoing 的动名词作主语的结构。Its no use arguing with him. He is always stubborn.这种Itsdoing 的动名词作主语的结构常用在“Its no use(useful,useless)/no good/a waste of time doing”的具体句型中。如例句。Its time (that) sb did/sho

14、uld do sth. 如：Its time that you went(should go) to bed now. 这个句型是虚拟语气的句式之一，其中动词一般用过去式；也可用should do，这个should不省略。It is said/reported/thought/hoped/suggested that的句型，意思为：有人说/据报道/有人认为/有人希望/有人建议It is said that Nantong is a beautiful city. =Nantong is said to be a beautiful city.对比：It is said that the ban

15、k was robbed yesterday. =The bank is said to have been robbed yesterday.在sb/sth is said to do.的结构中，to do的动作发生在is said 之前，这个to do就要用完成式。宾语从句(The Object Clause)World AIDS Day is also important in reminding us that HIV has not gone away, and that there are many things still to be done.(注意：该句中的第二个引导宾语从句

16、的that不能省略。)表语从句(The Predicative Clause)连词as if常和look, seem, sound搭配，构成look as if, seem as if, sound as if。as if引导的表语从句如果讲的是事实，就用陈述语气；反之，要用虚拟语气。The dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if there will be a big storm.He looked as if he were a spirit in that funny suit.He looked as if he had finished h

17、is work in such a short time.同位语从句(The Appositive Clause)We know the fact that he is a thief. ( 同位语从句)He collected the facts that/which prove the earth turns around the sun. (定语从句)The policeman had to work out the problem how he got so much money. (同位语从句)Its the problem which/that will be discussed

18、at tomorrows meeting. (定语从句)They wanted to work out the problem when he did it for her. (同位语从句)He will never forget the day when/on which he first came to Nantong. (定语从句) 选择性必修四Unit4语法：复杂句分析1、简单句含有一个主谓结构的句子称为简单句。有时，简单句包含很多修饰语，这使句子变得很长。要准确理解句子，需要弄清句子的结构，找到主语和谓语。如：Mary, normally a shy girl, talked exc

19、itedly about her trip to China during the holidays.2、并列句并列句是指由并列连词连接的两个或更多的分句构成的句子，常见的并列连词有 and 、or 、 but 等。要准确理解并列句，需要找到并列连词，弄清楚各分句之间的关系。如：Learning a foreign language can help you understand a foreign culture, and understanding a foreign culture can help you better communicate with people from a di

20、fferent background.The Internet is considered by many to be a source of information, and it is also thought of as a means of entertainment, but some people regard it as a monster.3、主从复合句主从复合句是指含有从句的复合句。要准确理解主从复合句，需要分析句子结构，找到主句和从句，并识别从句的种类。如：Unless you let me know youre not coming, Ill see you at the

21、 cinema.I still remember one afternoon two years ago, when we met for the first time at the school gate.This means that what you do is more important than what you say.4、并列主从复合句有些句子既包括并列分句，又含有从句，我们称之为并列主从复合句。要准确理解这种复杂的句子，需要分析句子结构，弄清楚各分句以及主从句之间的逻辑关系。如：I am interested in robots and I believe we can invent better robots for the benefit of people, so long as we continue to make efforts.