专题十一 推理判断.docx

1、专题十一推理判断【考纲解读】 考点内容来源:Z。xx。k.Com考查方式来源:Zxxk.Com来源:学*科*网20192019年浙江高考推理判断考次统计2019.112019.62019.10推理判断考纲要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推断,理解作者所要表达的深层含义,推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性推理判断题以单项选择的方式出现。正确选项的设置通常是对原文明确信息的不同表达或含蓄表达346分析解读1.推理判断题是阅读理解中较高层次的设题方式。不仅要求考生理解文章和句子的表层信息,更要理解字里行间的深层内涵。考生需要根据文章的明确信息,在理解文章的基础上领会作者的言外之意,并作出

2、正确的推理判断,因此是属于难度较大的一类题目。2.推断阅读的设题有一定的难度梯度。较难题目的设题不仅涉及文章句子的理解,而且会涉及对作者观点态度,人物的动机,目的及性格特征,事件发生的前因后果以及社会文化的理解等。【命题探究】(2019浙江11月,A) When I was in fourth grade, I worked part-time as a paperboy. Mrs. Stanley was one of my customers. She􀆳d watch me coming down her street, and by the time I𙧅

3、1;d biked up to her doorstep, there􀆳d be a cold drink waiting. I􀆳d sit and drink while she talked.Mrs. Stanley talked mostly about her dead husband. “Mr. Stanley and I went shopping this morning,” she􀆳d say. The first time she said that, soda(汽水) went up my nose.I told my

4、father how Mrs. Stanley talked as if Mr. Stanley were still alive. Dad said she was probably lonely, and that I ought to sit and listen and nod my head and smile, and maybe she􀆳d work it out of her system. So that􀆳s what I did, and it turned out Dad was right. After a while she see

5、med content to leave her husband over at the cemetery(基地).I finally quit delivering newspapers and didn􀆳t see Mrs. Stanley for several years. Then we crossed paths at a church fund-raiser(募捐活动). She was spooning mashed potatoes and looking happy. Four years before, she􀆳d had to off

6、er her paperboy a drink to have someone to talk with. Now she had friends. Her husband was gone, but life went on.I live in the city now, and my paperboy is a lady named Edna with three kids. She asks me how I􀆳m doing. When I don􀆳t say “fine,” she sticks around to hear my problems.

7、 She􀆳s lived in the city most of her life, but she knows about community. Community isn􀆳t so much a place as it is a state of mind. You find it whenever people ask how you􀆳re doing because they care, and not because they􀆳re getting paid to do so. Sometimes ith

8、9011;s good to just smile, nod your head and listen.命题方法1.以Why开头的疑问句设题,以因果关系为设题思路,但文中没有明确因果关系的连接词,因果关系暗藏在语境的逻辑关系中。如第1题,设题的语境是:两者之间尽管没有明确的连接词表明因果关系,但实际上是逻辑的因果。该设题就是考查考生是否可以判断出此因果关系。2.根据文章上下文的铺垫或说明设题。如第2题,设题的语境是:设题的题干是结果,设题问题是why, 所以回答的内容应返回到爸爸的话中。1.Why did soda go up the author􀆳s nose one ti

9、me?A.He was talking fast. B.He was shocked.C.He was in a hurry. D.He was absent-minded.2.Why did the author sit and listen to Mrs. Stanley according to paragraph 3?A.He enjoyed the drink.B.He wanted to be helpful.C.He took the chance to rest.D.He tried to please his dad.解题指导1.搞懂相关语境中的因果关系,根据逻辑因果关系解题

10、。如第1题,就是根据所设题相关的句子之前的信息进行推理,从而得出正确的答案。2.对相关信息进行逆向或正向推理。根据相关上下文的逻辑关系,进行逆向或正向推理,如第2题,就是根据前面的信息进行逆向推理,得出正确答案。命题规律推理判断题是阅读理解题中难度较大,具有综合考查功能的题目,它最能考查学生的英语综合运用能力,因此题量会稳定,一般来说每套试题都有34个小题。题目数量分布均匀,并且设题时往往和事实细节相连。简单的题目可以通过某句或某段进行细节推理,而较复杂的题目常在理解全文的内容和结构的基础上进行逻辑推理。【五年高考】第一组记叙文、夹叙夹议文Passage 1(2019课标全国,B)词数:290

11、I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking;survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Mutton

12、town. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰)on the ground. When Iarrived, I saw a 2- to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(雏鸟)and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct

13、 a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave

14、the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults;they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be

15、sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all!The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of allLUNCH!The parents had done the

16、ir duty and would probably continue to do so.1.What is unavoidable in the author􀆳s rescue work according to paragraph 1?A.Efforts made in vain.B.Getting injured in his work.C.Feeling uncertain about his future.D.Creatures forced out of their homes.2.Why was the author called to Muttontown?A

17、.To rescue a woman.B.To take care of a woman.C.To look at a baby owl.D.To cure a young owl.3.What made the chick calm down? A.A new nest.B.Some food.C.A recording.D.Its parents.4.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?A.It􀆳s unexpected.B.It􀆳s beautiful.C.It⣺

18、11;s humorous. D.It􀆳s discouraging.答案1.A2.C3.A4.BPassage 2(2019课标全国,B)词数:289I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn􀆳t want me for the filmit wanted somebody as we

19、ll known as Paulhe stood up for me. I don􀆳t know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there

20、 was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft(技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each o

21、therbut always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.We shared the belief that if you􀆳re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something backhe with his Newman􀆳s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids w

22、ho are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn􀆳t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago. He􀆳d been in an

23、d out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn􀆳t talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn􀆳t need a lot of words.1.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?A.Paul Newman wanted it.B.The studio powers didn􀆳t like

24、his agent.C.He wasn􀆳t famous enough.D.The director recommended someone else.2.Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?A.They were of the same age.B.They worked in the same theater.C.They were both good actors.D.They had similar characteristics.3.What does the underlined word“t

25、hat”in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Their belief.B.Their care for children.C.Their success.D.Their support for each other.4.What is the author􀆳s purpose in writing the text?A.To show his love of films.B.To remember a friend.C.To introduce a new movie.D.To share his acting experience.答案1.C2.D3.A4.

26、BPassage 3(2019课标全国,B)词数:274Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater􀆳s 75-year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little di

27、fferent. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building􀆳s end.The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 25

28、0 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.Bradford said that large modern theaters

29、 in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theater􀆳s location(位置)was also a reason.“This used to be the center of town,”he said.“Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in t

30、urning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.The theater audience sai

31、d good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.1.In what way was yesterday􀆳s cleanup at the Plaza special?A.It made room for new equipment.B.It signaled the closedown of the theater.C.It was do

32、ne with the help of the audience.D.It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.2.Why was The Last Picture Show put on?A.It was an all-time classic.B.It was about the history of the town.C.The audience requested it.D.The theater owner found it suitable.3.What will probably happen to the building?A.

33、It will be repaired.B.It will be turned into a museum.C.It will be knocked down.D.It will be sold to the city government.4.What can we infer about the audience?A.They are disappointed with Bradford.B.They are sad to part with the old theater.C.They are supportive of the city officials.D.They are eag

34、er to have a shopping center.答案1.B2.D3.C4.BPassage 4(2019课标全国,C)词数:291After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170

35、wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Can

36、ada, where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populationsmajor food sources(来源)for the wolfgrew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation(植被),which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, c

37、oyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park􀆳s red foxes, and completely drove away the park􀆳s beavers.As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be a

38、ble to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the

39、wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether

40、 to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.1.What is the text mainly about?A.Wildlife research in the United States.B.Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.C.The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.D.The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.2.What does the underlined

41、 word“displaced”in paragraph 2 mean?A.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forced out.D.Tracked down.3.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?A.Damage to local ecology.B.A decline in the park􀆳s income.C.Preservation of vegetation.D.An increase in the variety of animals.4.What is the author&#

42、1049011;s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.答案1.D2.C3.A4.BPassage 5(2019北京,A)词数:344It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practi

43、ce, stamping their feet to stay warm. Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn􀆳t know each other wellTaylor had just moved to town a month or so before.Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground. “Paris􀆳s eyes rolled back,

44、” Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.”It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR?”CPR is a life-sa

45、ving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person􀆳s chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen, the brain is damaged quickly.Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn􀆳t think she kne

46、w it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death,”says Taylor.Taylor􀆳s swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911.Two more ran to get the school nurse, who b

47、rought a defibrillator, an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris􀆳s heartbeat returned.“I know I was really lucky,” Paris says now. “Most people don􀆳t survive this. My team saved my life.”Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden

48、heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now,” Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a

49、scary situation.”1.What happened to Paris on a March day?A.She caught a bad cold.B.She had a sudden heart problem.C.She was knocked down by a ball.D.She shivered terribly during practice.2.Why does Paris say she was lucky?A.She made a worthy friend.B.She recovered from shock.C.She received immediate

50、 CPR.D.She came back on the softball team.3.Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?A.Enthusiastic and kind. B.Courageous and calm.C.Cooperative and generous.D.Ambitious and professional.答案1.B2.C3.BPassage 6(2019天津,B)词数:359Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in souther

51、n Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted

52、herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one pi

53、cture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn􀆳t want to mess with that.Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I

54、 look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined”it, now hangs on a

55、wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger􀆳s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don􀆳t even know has been immortalized(使永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.Perh

56、aps we all live in each other􀆳s spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversatio

57、n between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.1.What happened when the author was about to take a photo?A.Her camera stopped working.B.A woman blocked her view.C.Someone asked her to leave.D.A friend approached from behind.2.According to the author, the woman was probably .A.enjoying

58、 herselfB.losing her patienceC.waiting for the sunsetD.thinking about her past3.In the author􀆳s opinion, what makes the photo so alive?A.The rich color of the landscape.B.The perfect positioning of the camera.C.The woman􀆳s existence in the photo.D.The soft sunlight that summer day.

59、4.The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand .A.the need to be close to natureB.the importance of private spaceC.the joy of the vacation in ItalyD.the shared passion for beauty5.The passage can be seen as the author􀆳s reflections upon .A.a particular life experien

60、ceB.the pleasure of travelingC.the art of photographyD.a lost friendship答案1.B2.A3.C4.D5.APassage 7(2019浙江10月,A)词数:303Suddenly another thought went through Kate􀆳s mind like an electric shock. An express train was due to go past about thirty minutes later. If it were not stopped, that long tr

61、ain, full of passengers, would fall into the stream. “Someone must go to the station and warn the station-master,” Kate thought. But who was to go? She would have to go herself. There was no one else.In wind and rain she started on her difficult way. Soon she was at the bridge that crossed the Des M

62、oines River, a bridge also built of wood, just like the bridge across Honey Creek. The storm had not washed this away, but there was no footpath across it. She would have to cross it by stepping from sleeper (枕木)to sleeper. With great care she began the dangerous crossing, sometimes on her hands and

63、 knees, hardly daring to look down between the sleepers into the wild flood waters below. If she should slip, she would fall between the sleepers, into the rapidly flowing stream.At lastshe never knew how long it had taken hershe felt solid ground under her feet. But there was no time to rest. She s

64、till had to run more than half a mile and had only a few minutes left. Unless she reached the station before the express did, many, many lives would be lost.She did reach the station just as the train came into sight. Fortunately the station-master was standing outside. “The bridge is down! Stop the

65、 train! Oh, please stop it!” Kate shouted breathlessly.The station-master went pale. He rushed into the station building and came back with a signal light. He waved the red light as the train came into the station. It was not a second too early.1.What did Kate decide to do? A.Stop the express train.

66、B.Check the signal light.C.Meet the passengers.D.Visit the station-master.2.Which of the following words best describes Kate􀆳s journey? A.Fruitless.B.Boring.C.Well-planned.D.Risky.3.Why did the station-master turn pale?A.He suddenly fell ill.B.He realized the danger.C.He discovered his mist

67、ake.D.He became over-excited.答案1.A2.D3.BPassage 8(2019北京,B)词数:368Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)Natalie Doan,14,has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York.Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house.“It􀆳s the ocean that makes

68、 Rockaway so special,”she says.On October 29, 2019, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie􀆳s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city􀆳s bridges closed.When they returned to

69、Rockaway the next day,they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie􀆳s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie􀆳s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brook

70、lyn.In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly peo

71、ple trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.“My mom tells me that I can􀆳t control what happens to me,”Natalie says, “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”Natalie􀆳s choice was to help.She created a website page, matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Nata

72、lie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick􀆳s collection was replaced.In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids:Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new ke

73、yboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-needed supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.Today, the scars(创痕) of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but

74、 hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can􀆳t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,”Natalie declares.“My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”1.When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found.A.some friends had lost

75、their livesB.her neighborhood was destroyedC.her school had moved to BrooklynD.the elderly were free from suffering2.According to Paragraph 4, who inspired Natalie most?A.The people helping Rockaway rebuild.B.The people trapped in high-rise buildings.C.The volunteers donating money to survivors.D.Lo

76、cal teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.3.How did Natalie help the survivors?A.She gave her toys to other kids.B.She took care of younger children.C.She called on the White House to help.D.She built an information sharing platform.4.What does the story intend to tell us?A.Little people can

77、 make a big difference.B.A friend in need is a friend indeed.C.East or west, home is best.D.Technology is power.答案1.B2.A3.D4.APassage 9(2019课标,B)词数:338The freezing Northeast hasn􀆳t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter,so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota,Florida,

78、my bags were packed before you could say“sunshine”.I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素C),thinking of beaches and orange trees.When we touched down to blue skies and warm air,I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness.Swimming pools,wine tasting,and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours,not

79、4 in the afternoon)filled the weekend,but the best partparticularly to my taste,dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetableswas a 7 a.m.adventure to the Sarasota farmers􀆳 market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.The market,which was founded in 1979,sets up its ten

80、ts every Saturday from 7 a.m.to 1 p.m.,rain or shine,along North Lemon and State streets.Baskets of perfect red strawberries;the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck;and most of all,the tomatoes:amazing,large,soft and round red tomatoes.Disappointed by many a broken,vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的)pro

81、mise,I􀆳ve refused to buy winter tomatoes for years.No matter how attractive they look in the store,once I get them home they􀆳re unfailingly dry,hard,and tasteless.But I homed in,with uncertainty,on one particular table at the Brown􀆳s Grove Farm􀆳s stand,full of fre

82、sh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist.These were the real dealand at that moment,I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn􀆳t be experiencing again for months.Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight,my happine

83、ss deepened when I learned that Brown􀆳s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty,a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton,whereluckily for meI was planning to have dinner that very night.Without even seeing the menu,I knew I􀆳d be ordering every tomato on it.1

84、.What did the author think of her winter life in New York? A.Exciting.B.Boring.C.Relaxing.D.Annoying.2.What made the author􀆳s getting up early worthwhile?A.Having a swim.B.Breathing in fresh air.C.Walking in the morning sun.D.Visiting a local farmers􀆳 market.3.What can we learn abo

85、ut tomatoes sold in New York in winter?A.They are soft.B.They look nice.C.They taste great.D.They are juicy.4.What was the author going to do that evening?A.Go to a farm.B.Check into a hotel.C.Eat in a restaurant.D.Buy fresh vegetables.答案1.B2.D3.B4.CPassage 10(2019课标,D)词数:344Conflict is on the menu

86、tonight at the cafe La Chope.This evening,as on every Thursday night,psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France􀆳s favorite pastimes,coffee drinking and the“talking cure”.Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings.It isn􀆳t always easy.The customerssome t

87、hirty Parisians who pay just under $2(plus drinks)per sessionare quick to intellectualize(高谈阔论),slow to open up and connect.“You are forbidden to sayone feels,orpeople think,”Lehanne told them.“Say I think,Think me.”A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed?It couldn􀆳t seem more

88、un-French.But Lehanne􀆳s psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself:It􀆳s trying to help the city􀆳s troubled neighborhood cafes.Over the years,Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestylelonger working hours,a fast-food boom and a younger gene

89、ration􀆳s desire to spend more time at home.Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.Cafes focused around psychology,history,and engineering are catching on,filling tables well into the evening.The city􀆳s“psychology cafes”,which offer great comfort,are among the most

90、 popular places.Middle-aged homemakers,retirees,and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love,anger,and dreams with a psychologist.And they come to Lehanne􀆳s group just to learn to say what they feel.“There􀆳s a strong need in Paris for communication,”says Maurice Frisch,

91、a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church.“People have few real friends.And they need to open up.”Lehanne says she􀆳d like to see psychology cafes all over France.“If people had normal lives,these cafes wouldn􀆳t exist,”she says.“If life weren

92、49011;t a battle,people wouldn􀆳t need a special place just to speak.”But then,it wouldn􀆳t be France.1.What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?A.Learn a new subject.B.Keep in touch with friends.C.Show off their knowledge.D.Express their true feelings.2.How are cafes af

93、fected by French lifestyle changes?A.They are less frequently visited.B.They stay open for longer hours.C.They have bigger night crowds.D.They start to serve fast food.3.What are theme cafes expected to do?A.Create more jobs.B.Supply better drinks.C.Save the cafe business.D.Serve the neighborhood.4.

94、Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?A.They bring people true friendship.B.They give people spiritual support.C.They help people realize their dreams.D.They offer a platform for business links.答案1.D2.A3.C4.BPassage 11(2019北京,A)词数:364The Boy Made It!One Sunday,Nicholas,a teenager,went s

95、kiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine.In the early afternoon,when he was planning to go home,a fierce snowstorm swept into the area.Unable to see far,he accidentally turned off the path.Before he knew it,Nicholas was lost,all alone! He didn􀆳t have food,water,a phone,or other supplies.He was

96、getting colder by the minute.Nicholas had no idea where he was.He tried not to panic.He thought about all of the survival shows he had watched on TV.It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.He decided to stop skiing.There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put.The first

97、 thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow.If he didn􀆳t,his body temperature would get very low,which could quickly kill him.Using his skis,Nicholas built a snow cave.He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle.Then he piled branches on top of him

98、self,like a blanket,to stay as warm as he could.By that evening,Nicholas was really hungry.He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn􀆳t lose too much water.Not knowing how much longer he could last,Nicholas did the only thing he couldhe huddled(蜷缩)in his cave a

99、nd slept.The next day,Nicholas went out to look for help,but he couldn􀆳t find anyone.He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave,because without shelter,he could die that night.On Tuesday,Nicholas went out again to find help.He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher

100、found him.After two days stuck in the snow,Nicholas was saved.Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV.He had often watched Grylls􀆳 survival show Man vs.Wild.That􀆳s where he learned the tips that saved his life.In each episode(一期节目)of Man vs. Wild,Gryl

101、ls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.When Grylls heard about Nicholas􀆳 amazing deeds,he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.1.What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon?A.He got

102、lost.B.He broke his skis.C.He hurt his eyes.D.He caught a cold.2.How did Nicholas keep himself warm?A.He found a shelter.B.He lighted some branches.C.He kept on skiing.D.He built a snow cave.3.On Tuesday,Nicholas.A.returned to his shelter safelyB.was saved by a searcherC.got stuck in the snowD.staye

103、d where he was4.Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he.A.did the right things in the dangerous situationB.watched Grylls􀆳 TV program regularlyC.created some tips for survivalD.was very hard-working答案1.A2.D3.B4.APassage 12(2019天津,D)词数:329Once when I was facing a decision that

104、 involved high risk,I went to a friend.He looked at me for a moment,and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I􀆳ve ever had:Be bold and braveand mighty(强大的)forces will come to your aid.Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past,it was seldom because

105、I had tried and failed.It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all.On the other hand,whenever I had plunged into deep water,forced by courage or circumstance,I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.Boldness means a decision to bite off m

106、ore than you are sure you can eat.And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces.They are potential powers we possess:energy,skill,sound judgment,creative ideaseven physical strength greater than most of us realize.Admittedly,those mighty forces are spiritual ones.But they are more importan

107、t than physical ones.A college classmate of mine,Tim,was an excellent football player,even though he weighed much less than the average player.“In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player,who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,”said Tim.“I was so frightened that I clo

108、sed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet(子弹)and stopped him cold.”Boldnessa willingness to extend yourself to the extremeis not one that can be acquired overnight.But it can be taught to children and developed in adults.Confidence builds up.Surely,there will be setbacks(挫折)

109、and disappointments in life;boldness in itself is no guarantee of success.But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.So,always try to live a little bit beyond your abilitiesand you􀆳ll find your abilities are gr

110、eater than you ever dreamed.1.Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past?A.He faced huge risks.B.He lacked mighty forces.C.Fear prevented him from trying.D.Failure blocked his way to success.2.What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?A.Swallow more than you can diges

111、t.B.Act slightly above your abilities.C.Develop more mysterious powers.D.Learn to make creative decisions.3.What was especially important for Tim􀆳s successful defense in the football game?A.His physical strength.B.His basic skill.C.His real fear.D.His spiritual force.4.What can be learned f

112、rom Paragraph 5?A.Confidence grows more rapidly in adults.B.Trying without success is meaningless.C.Repeated failure creates a better life.D.Boldness can be gained little by little.5.What is the author􀆳s purpose in writing this passage?A.To encourage people to be courageous.B.To advise peop

113、le to build up physical power.C.To tell people the ways to guarantee success.D.To recommend people to develop more abilities.答案1.C2.B3.D4.D5.APassage 13(2019湖南,C)词数:330Have your parents ever inspected your room to see if you cleaned it properly?Imagine having your entire house,garage,and yard inspec

114、ted at any timewith no warning.Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse(灯塔)living,and a keeper􀆳s reputation depended on the results.A few times each year,an inspector arrived to look over the entire light station.The inspections were supposed to be a surprise,but keepers sometimes had

115、advance notice.Once lighthouses had telephones,keepers would call each other to warn that the inspector was approaching.After boats began flying special flags noting the inspector was aboard,the keeper􀆳s family made it a game to see who could notice the boat first.As soon as someone spotted

116、 the boat,everyone would do last-minute tidying and change into fancy clothes.The keeper then scurried to put on his dress uniform and cap.Children of keepers remember inspectors wearing white gloves to run their fingers over door frames and windowsills looking for dust.Despite the serious nature of

117、 inspections,they resulted in some funny moments.Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes before an inspection.At the time,people did not have dishwashers in their homes.In an effort to clean up quickly,Mrs.Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan,cov

118、ered them with a cloth,and stuck them in the oven.If the inspector opened the oven door,it would look like bread was baking.He never did.One day,Glenn Furst􀆳s mother put oil on the kitchen floor just before the inspector entered their house.Like floor wax,the oil made the floors shiny and h

119、elped protect the wood.This time,though,she used a little too much oil.When the inspector extended his hand to greet Glenn􀆳s mother,he slipped on the freshly oiled surface.“He came across that floor waving his arms like a young bird attempting its first flight,”Glenn later wrote.After he st

120、eadied himself,he shook Glenn􀆳s mother􀆳s hand,and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened.1.What does Paragraph 1 tell us about the inspection at the light station?A.It was carried out once a year.B.It was often announced in advance.C.It was important for the keeper

121、􀆳s fame.D.It was focused on the garage and yard.2.The family began making preparations immediately after.A.one of the members saw the boatB.a warning call reached the lighthouseC.the keeper put on the dress uniform and capD.the inspector flew special flags in the distance3.Mrs. Byrnes put t

122、he dishes in the oven because this would.A.result in some funB.speed up washing themC.make her home look tidyD.be a demand from the inspector4.If the inspector had opened the oven door,he would have seen.A.an empty panB.many clean dishesC.pieces of baked breadD.a cloth covering something5.The inspec

123、tor waved his arms.A.to try his best to keep steadyB.to show his satisfaction with the floorC.to extend a warm greeting to Glenn􀆳s motherD.to express his intention to continue the inspection答案1.C2.A3.C4.D5.APassage 14(2019山东,A)词数:277One morning,Ann􀆳s neighbor Tracy found a lost dog

124、 wandering around the local elementary school.She asked Ann if she could keep an eye on the dog.Ann said that she could watch it only for the day.Tracy took photos of the dog and printed off 400 FOUND fliers(传单),and put them in mailboxes.Meanwhile,Ann went to the dollar store and bought some pet sup

125、plies,warning her two sons not to fall in love with the dog.At the time,Ann􀆳s son Thomas was 10 years old,and Jack,who was recovering from a heart operation,was 21 years old.Four days later Ann was still looking after the dog,whom they had started to call Riley.When she arrived home from wo

126、rk,the dog threw itself against the screen door and barked madly at her.As soon as she opened the door,Riley dashed into the boys􀆳 room where Ann found Jack suffering a heart attack.Riley ran over to Jack,but as soon as Ann bent over to help him the dog went silent.“If it hadn􀆳t co

127、me to get me,the doctor said Jack would have died,”Ann reported to a local newspaper.At this point,no one had called to claim the dog,so Ann decided to keep it.The next morning Tracy got a call.A man named Peter recognized his lost dog and called the number on the flier.Tracy started crying,and told

128、 him,“That dog saved my friend􀆳s son.”Peter drove to Ann􀆳s house to pick up his dog,and saw Thomas and Jack crying in the window.After a few moments Peter said,“Maybe Odie was supposed to find you,maybe you should keep it.” 1.What did Tracy do after finding the dog?A.She looked for

129、 its owner.B.She gave it to Ann as a gift.C.She sold it to the dollar store.D.She bought some food for it.2.How did the dog help save Jack?A.By breaking the door for Ann.B.By leading Ann to Jack􀆳s room.C.By dragging Jack out of the room.D.By attending Jack when Ann was out.3.What was Ann

130、049011;s attitude to the dog according to Paragraph 4?A.Sympathetic.B.Doubtful.C.Tolerant.D.Grateful.4.For what purpose did Peter call Tracy?A.To help her friend􀆳s son.B.To interview Tracy.C.To take back his dog.D.To return the flier to her.5.What can we infer about the dog from the last pa

131、ragraph?A.It would be given to Odie.B.It would be kept by Ann􀆳s family.C.It would be returned to Peter.D.It would be taken away by Tracy.答案1.A2.B3.D4.C5.BPassage 15(2019广东,C)词数:307Like many new graduates,I left university full of hope for the future but with no real idea of what I wanted to

132、 do.My degree,with honors,in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical.I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow,but I had no idea how to do that.That􀆳s when I learned about the Lighthouse Project.I started my journey as a Lighthouse Project volunt

133、eer by reading as much as I could about the experiences of previous volunteers.I knew it would be a lot of hard work,and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long time.In short,I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly.Neither did my family.Eventual

134、ly,however,I won the support of my family,and I sent in all the paperwork needed for application.After countless interviews and presentations,I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone.Several months later,I finally received a call asking me to report for duty.I would be

135、going to a small village near Abuja,Nigeria.Where?What?Nigeria?I had no idea.But I was about to find out.After completing my training,I was sent to the village that was small and desperately in need of proper accommodation.Though the local villagers were poor,they offered their homes,hearts,and food

136、 as if I were their own family.I was asked to lead a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse.For the next year or so,I taught in that same schoolhouse.But I sometimes think I learned more from my students than they did from me.Sometime during that period,I realized that all those th

137、ings that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did,though I did not get anywhere with the local language,and I returned to the United States a different man.The Lighthouse Project had changed my life forever.1.What do we know about the author?A.His university education focused on theoret

138、ical knowledge.B.His dream at university was to become a volunteer.C.He took pride in having contributed to the world.D.He felt honored to study English literature.2.According to Paragraph 2,it is most likely that the author.A.discussed his decision with his familyB.asked previous volunteers about v

139、oluntary workC.attended special training to perform difficult tasksD.felt sad about having to leave his family and friends3.In his application for the volunteer job,the author.A.participated in many discussionsB.went through challenging survival testsC.wrote quite a few papers on voluntary workD.fac

140、ed strong competition from other candidates4.On arrival at the village,the author was.A.asked to lead a farming teamB.sent to teach in a schoolhouseC.received warmly by local villagersD.arranged to live in a separate house5.What can we infer from the author􀆳s experiences in Nigeria?A.He fou

141、nd some difficulty adapting to the local culture.B.He had learned to communicate in the local language.C.He had overcome all his weaknesses before he left for home.D.He was chosen as the most respectable teacher by his students.答案1.A2.A3.D4.C5.APassage 16(2019安徽,E)词数:301You may not have heard of Ash

142、oka,but for the past 27 years,this association,founded by Bill Drayton,has fought poverty(贫困)and sickness,promoted education and encouraged small businesses.To support these worthy causes,Ashoka provides money for the world􀆳s most promising“changemakers”seeking to solve(解决)urgent problems a

143、nd would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change.The important thing is to simply give yourself permission.If you see a problem that you care about,you can help solve it.The young in particular are willing to accept t

144、his concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy,healthy,contributing adult.In fact,it is many young people􀆳s ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions.An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 2019 in Dhaka,which handled the ru

145、bbish problem facing the city,helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there.When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka􀆳s streets,attracting rats and disease,they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste.So th

146、ey educated the poor people in the city to compost(把制成堆肥)this waste.They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilisers(化肥)which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years.At first,they were r

147、efused,but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made,the project took off.In 2009 sales were $14,000.Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious,practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic deve

148、lopment.1.Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A.ChangemakersB.BusinessmenC.Social ConditionsD.Rubbish Problem2.The underlined word“them”in Paragraph 3 probably refers to“.”A.the local farmersB.Masqsood and IftekharC.Drayton and his teamD.the poor people in Dhaka3.It can b

149、e concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he. A.considers Drayton􀆳s conceptB.gets permission from AshokaC.tries to improve social conditionsD.is a young,happy and healthy adult4.The author􀆳s attitude towards Ashoka􀆳s program can be described as.A

150、.changingB.forgivingC.cautiousD.positive答案1.A2.D3.C4.DPassage 17(2019北京,B)词数:315Tail SpinTwo dolphins race around in a big pool in the Ocean Park.The smaller dolphin,Grace,shows off a few of her tricks,turning around and waving hello to the crowd.The most amazing thing about her,however,is that she&

151、#1049011;s even swimming at all.She doesn􀆳t have a tail.Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap.When the dolphin arrived at the Ocean Park in December 2019,she was fighting for her life.“Is she going to make it?”Her trainer,Abbey Stone,feared the worst.Grace did

152、make itbut her tail didn􀆳t.She ended up losing her flukes and the lower part of her peduncle.Over the past six years,she has learned to swim without her tail.Dolphins swim by moving their flukes and peduncle up and down.Grace taught herself to move another waylike a fish!She pushes herself

153、forward through the water by moving her peduncle from side to side.The movements put harmful pressure on Grace􀆳s backbone.So a company offered to create a man-made tail for her.The tail had to be strong enough to stay on Grace as she swam but soft enough that it wouldn􀆳t hurt her.T

154、he first time Grace wore the artificial tail,she soon shook it off and let it sink to the bottom of the pool.Now,she is still learning to use the tail.Some days she wears it for an hour at a time,others not at all.“The new tail isn􀆳t necessary for her to feel comfortable,”says Stone,“but it

155、 helps to keep that range of motion(动作)and build muscles(肌肉).”Now,the dolphin is about to get an even happier ending.This month,Grace will star in Dolphin Tale,a film that focuses on her rescue and recovery.Her progress has inspired more than just a new movie.Many people travel from near and far to

156、meet her.Seeing Grace swim with her man-made tail gives people so much courage.1.When Grace first arrived at the Ocean Park,her trainer worried about her.A.physical buildB.potential abilityC.chance of survivalD.adaptation to the surroundings2.A man-made tail is created for Grace to.A.let her recover

157、 fasterB.make her comfortableC.adjust her way of swimmingD.help her perform better tricks3.The story of Grace inspires people to.A.stick to their dreamsB.treat animals friendlyC.treasure what they haveD.face difficulties bravely答案1.C2.C3.D第二组说明文Passage 1(2019浙江,B)词数:304Getting less sleep has become

158、a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt ti

159、red during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school. How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day!Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Fo

160、undation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime?Watch TV.“More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会) to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet

161、and the phone,” says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called

162、hormones not only make teenagers􀆳 bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ag

163、o, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.1.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?A.American kids􀆳 sleeping habits.B.Teenagers􀆳 sleep-related diseases.C.Activities to pre

164、vent sleeplessness.D.Learning problems and lack of sleep.2.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?A.7 hours.B.8 hours.C.10 hours.D.18 hours.3.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?A.They are affected by certain body chemicals.B.They tend to do things that excite th

165、em.C.They follow their parents􀆳 examples.D.They don􀆳t need to go to school early.答案1.A2.C3.BPassage 2(2019课标全国,C)词数:317Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the ne

166、xt year. The vehiclenamed the Transitionhas two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas a

167、nd burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the Ne

168、w York Auto Show. But don􀆳t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It􀆳s expected to cost $279,000.And it won􀆳t help if you􀆳re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an

169、 airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it mee

170、ts federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration􀆳s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a

171、test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.The basic data of the Transition.B.The advantages of flying cars.C.The potential market for flying cars.D.The designers of

172、the Transition.2.Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A.It causes traffic jams.B.It is difficult to operate.C.It is very expensive.D.It burns too much fuel.3.What is the government􀆳s attitude to the development of the flying car?A.Cautious.B.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.

173、D.Disapproving.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Flying Car at Auto Show B.The Transition􀆳s First FlightC.Pilots􀆳 Dream Coming True D.Flying Car Closer to Reality答案1.A2.C3.B4.DPassage 3(2019课标全国,D)词数:288When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn􀆳t sit quietly. Back

174、 in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a m

175、ixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It􀆳s a plant􀆳s way of crying out. But is anyone listening?Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbors react.Some plants pump

176、out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study, it appears that

177、these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other?Scientists don􀆳t know. Maybe the first pl

178、ant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to“overhear”the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn􀆳t a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, ima

179、gined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的)than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There􀆳s a whole lot going on.1.What does a plant do when it is under attack?A.It makes noises.B.It gets help from other plants.C.It stands quietly.D.It sends out certain chemical

180、s.2.What does the author mean by“the tables are turned”in paragraph 3?A.The attackers get attacked.B.The insects gather under the table.C.The plants get ready to fight back.D.The perfumes attract natural enemies.3.Scientists find from their studies that plants can.A.predict natural disastersB.protec

181、t themselves against insectsC.talk to one another intentionallyD.help their neighbors when necessary4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The world is changing faster than ever.B.People have stronger senses than before.C.The world is more complex than it seems.D.People in Darwin􀆳s t

182、ime were more imaginative.答案1.D2.A3.B4.CPassage 4(2019天津,D)词数:371I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting. But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours?To understand the issue, let􀆳s take a look at three types of

183、 “waits”.The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait. It is without doubt the most annoying of all. Take filling up the kitchen sink(洗碗池)as an example. There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it􀆳s full. During thes

184、e waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait. This one requires a bit of discipline. Properly preparing

185、 packaged noodle soup requires a Forced Wait. Directions are very specific.“Bring three cups of water to boil, add mix, simmer three minutes, remove from heat, let stand five minutes.”I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly. After all, Forced Waiting requires patie

186、nce.Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait. This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary. Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.Turning one􀆳s life into

187、a waiting game requires faith and hope, and is strictly for the optimists among us. On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who are willing to do it. As long as one doesn􀆳t come to rely on it, wishing for a

188、few good things to happen never hurts anybody.We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting. The next time you􀆳re standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you􀆳ll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don􀆳t be

189、desperate. You􀆳re probably just as busy as the next guy.1.While doing a Watched-Pot Wait, we tend to.A.keep ourselves busyB.get absent-mindedC.grow anxiousD.stay focused2.What is the difference between the Forced Wait and the Watched-Pot Wait?A.The Forced Wait requires some self-control.B.T

190、he Forced Wait makes people passive.C.The Watched-Pot Wait needs directions.D.The Watched-Pot Wait engages body and brain.3.What can we learn about the Lucky-Break Wait?A.It is less voluntary than the Forced Wait.B.It doesn􀆳t always bring the desired result.C.It is more fruitful than the Fo

191、rced Wait.D.It doesn􀆳t give people faith and hope.4.What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting?A.Take it seriously.B.Don􀆳t rely on others.C.Do something else.D.Don􀆳t lose heart.5.The author supports his view by.A.exploring various causes of “waits”B.

192、describing detailed processes of “waits”C.analyzing different categories of “waits”D.revealing frustrating consequences of “waits”答案1.B2.A3.B4.D5.CPassage 5(2019江苏,C)词数:452A new commodity brings about a highly profitable, fast-growing industry, urging antitrust(反垄断)regulators to step in to check tho

193、se who control its flow. A century ago, the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants(巨头)that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.Such situations have led to calls f

194、or the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime. The giants􀆳 success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery. Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free(users pay,in effect, by handing over yet more

195、 data). And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target

196、 advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services:translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies􀆳 control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a“God􀆳s eye view”of activities in their own m

197、arkets and beyond.This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves:in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is requiredand as a new approach starts to become apparent, two i

198、deas stand out.The first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger(兼并), for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms􀆳 data assets(

199、资产)when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-born threat. When this takes place, especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.The second principle is to loosen the

200、control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them. Companies could be forced to reveal to consumers what information they hold and how much money they make from it. Governments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users􀆳 conse

201、nt.Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy. But if governments don􀆳t want a data economy controlled by a few giants, they must act soon.1.Why is there a call to break up giants?A.They have controlled the data market.B.They collect enormous private data.C.They no longer

202、 provide free services.D.They dismissed some new-born giants. 2.What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?A.Data giants􀆳 technology is very expensive.B.Google􀆳s idea is popular among data firms.C.Data can strengthen giants􀆳 controlling position.D.Data

203、can be turned into new services or products.3.By paying attention to firms􀆳 data assets, antitrust regulators could .A.kill a new threatB.avoid the size trapC.favour bigger firmsD.charge higher prices4.What is the purpose of loosening the giants􀆳 control of data?A.Big companies cou

204、ld relieve data security pressure.B.Governments could relieve their financial pressure.C.Consumers could better protect their privacy.D.Small companies could get more opportunities.答案1.A2.C3.B4.DPassage 6(2019浙江10月,C)词数:288Digital technologyemail and smart phones especiallyhave vastly improved worke

205、rs􀆳 ability to be productive outside of a traditional office. Even so, most white-collar work still happens in an office. One reason is that, according to findings of a new survey(调查) of office workers conducted by Wakefield Research for the IT company Citrix, most bosses are doubtful about

206、 remote working. Half of the workers say their boss doesn􀆳t accept it, and only 35 percent say it􀆳s tolerated.Skeptical bosses will likely have their doubts reinforced (加深)by the same survey, which shows that 43 percent of workers say they􀆳ve watched TV or a movie while “w

207、orking” remotely, while 35 percent have done housework,and 28 percent have cooked dinner.It is true, however,that working at home makes people much more efficient (高效的), because it allows workers to take care of annoying housework while still getting their jobs done. It􀆳s much faster, for e

208、xample, to shop for groceries at a quarter to three than to stand in line during the after-work rush.The fact that such practices remain officially unaccepted reflects how far we haven􀆳t come as a society from the days when we expected every full-time worker to be supported by a full-time h

209、omemaker.More broadly the Wakefield survey suggests that employers may be missing a low-cost way to give workers something of value. Sixty-four percent of those survey participants who haven􀆳t worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one day a week working from h

210、ome. Under such circumstances, smart firms need to find ways to let their employees have enough flexibility to manage their time efficiently.1.Why do some employers hesitate to allow remote working?A.They fear losing control of their workers.B.They want to stick to their routine practice.C.They have

211、 little trust in modem technology.D.They are used to face-to-face communication.2.What seems to be most workers􀆳 attitude toward remote working?A.DoubtfulB.FavorableC.ReservedD.Disapproving.3.What does the author suggest smart firms do?A.Shorten their office hours.B.Give employees a pay rai

212、se.C.Adopt flexible work patterns.D.Reduce their staff􀆳s workload.答案1.A2.B3.CPassage 7(2019课标全国,A)词数:293You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 y

213、ears?Jane Addams(18601935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first Am

214、erican woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson(19071964)If it weren􀆳t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worl

215、d􀆳s lakes and oceans.Sandra Day O􀆳Connor(1930present)When Sandra Day O􀆳Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and, in 1981, the first woman t

216、o join the U.S. Supreme Court. O􀆳Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks(19132019)On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in pri

217、son. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,”said Parks. 1.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A.Her social work.B.Her teaching skills.C.Her efforts to win a prize.D.

218、Her community background.2.What was the reason for O􀆳Connor􀆳s being rejected by the law firm?A.Her lack of proper training in law.B.Her little work experience in court.C.The discrimination against women.D.The poor financial conditions.3.Who made a great contribution to the civil-ri

219、ghts movement in the U.S.?A.Jane Addams.B.Rachel Carson.C.Sandra Day O􀆳Connor.D.Rosa Parks.4.What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A.They are highly educated.B.They are truly creative.C.They are pioneers.D.They are peace-lovers.答案1.A2.C3.D4.CPassage 8(2019课标全国,D)词数:293A ne

220、w collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank Hurley􀆳s pictures would be outstandingundoubtedly first-rate photo-journalismif they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难),by a

221、cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seame

222、n and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica􀆳s Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇)across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reache

223、d the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott􀆳s last journey, completed as he lay in a t

224、ent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world􀆳s imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still

225、 photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.1.What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?A.They were made last week.B.They showed undersea sceneries.C.They were f

226、ound by a cameraman.D.They recorded a disastrous adventure.2.Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?A.Frank Hurley.B.Ernest Shackleton.C.Robert Falcon Scott.D.Caroline Alexander.3.What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?A.Artistic creation.B.Scientific research.C

227、.Money making.D.Treasure hunting.答案1.D2.C3.CPassage 9(2019课标全国,C)词数:279If you are a fruit groweror would like to become onetake advantage of Apple Day to see what􀆳s around. It􀆳s called Apple Day but in practice it􀆳s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, b

228、ut since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be q

229、uite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn􀆳t taste of anything special, it􀆳s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的)Cat􀆳s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else

230、.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you􀆳ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it􀆳s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the even

231、ts, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commerc

232、ial orchards(果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.1.What can people do at the apple events?A.Attend experts􀆳 lectures.B.Visit fruit-loving families.C.Plant fruit trees in an orchard.D.Taste many ki

233、nds of apples.2.What can we learn about Decio?A.It is a new variety.B.It has a strange look.C.It is rarely seen now.D.It has a special taste.3.What does the underlined phrase“a pipe dream”in Paragraph 3 mean?A.A practical idea.B.A vain hope.C.A brilliant plan. D.A selfish desire.4.What is the author

234、􀆳s purpose in writing the text?A.To show how to grow apples.B.To introduce an apple festival.C.To help people select apples.D.To promote apple research.答案1.D2.C3.B4.BPassage 10(2019课标全国,D)词数:356Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are

235、 the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控)in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people􀆳s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and

236、 farther than disasters and sob stories.“Theif it bleedsrule works for mass media,”says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and don􀆳t care how you􀆳re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they r

237、eact. You don􀆳t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communicatione-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversationsfound that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn􀆳t necessarily mean people preferred po

238、sitive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things?To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories:thousands of articles on The New York Times􀆳 website. He and a Penn colle

239、ague analyzed the“most e-mailed”list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times􀆳 readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others

240、.Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发)one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more lik

241、ely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book,“Contagious:Why Things Catch On.”1.What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?A.News reports.B.Research papers.C.Private e-mails.D.Daily conversations.2.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?A.They􀆳re

242、socially inactive.B.They􀆳re good at telling stories.C.They􀆳re inconsiderate of others.D.They􀆳re careful with their words.3.Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Berger􀆳s research?A.Sports news.B.Science articles.C.Personal accounts.D.Financial revi

243、ews.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Sad Stories Travel Far and WideB.Online News Attracts More PeopleC.Reading Habits Change with the TimesD.Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks答案1.A2.C3.B4.DPassage 11(2019江苏,C)词数:443El Nio, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South A

244、merican fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nino sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weake

245、n, or sometimes the other way round.The weather effects, both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Nio in 2019-98 helped America􀆳s economy grow by$15 billion, partly because of better agri

246、cultural harvests:farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought(干旱)in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains bro

247、ught about by El Nio may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Nio, in 2019-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth$36 billion around the globe. But such Nios come with months of warning, and so much

248、is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence tha

249、t a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施)can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers(下水道)make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less

250、 likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2019 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nio􀆳s harmful effectsand the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities

251、 to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nio, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.1.What can we learn about El Nio i

252、n Paragraph 1?A.It is named after a South American fisherman.B.It takes place almost every year all over the world.C.It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.D.It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.2.What may El Nios bring about to the countries affected?A.Agricu

253、ltural harvests in rich countries fall.B.Droughts become more harmful than floods.C.Rich countries􀆳 gains are greater than their losses.D.Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.3.The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that.A.more investment should go to risk reductio

254、nB.governments of poor countries need more aidC.victims of El Nio deserve more compensationD.recovery and reconstruction should come first4.What is the author􀆳s purpose in writing the passage?A.To introduce El Nio and its origin.B.To explain the consequences of El Nio.C.To show ways of figh

255、ting against El Nio.D.To urge people to prepare for El Nio.答案1.D 2.C3.A4.DPassage 12(2019课标,C)词数:261More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年)before going to university.It used to be called the“year off”between school and university.The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源)with the month

256、s left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.This year,25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year,according to statistics on university entrance provided by the Un

257、iversity and College Admissions Service(UCAS).That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education.“Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with,and

258、 complete,their chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,”he said.But not everyone is happy.Owain James,the president of the National Union of Students(NUS),argued that the increase is evidence of student hardshipyoung people are being forced into earning mone

259、y before finishing their education.“New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to 15,000 in debt.It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are fo

260、rced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods,”he said.1.What do we learn about the gap year from the text? A.It is flexible in length.B.It is a time for relaxation.C.It is increasingly popular.D.It is required by universities.2.According to Tony Higgins,stude

261、nts taking a gap year.A.are better prepared for college studiesB.know a lot more about their future jobsC.are more likely to leave university in debtD.have a better chance to enter top universities3.How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?A.He􀆳s puzzled.B.He􀆳s worri

262、ed.C.He􀆳s surprised.D.He􀆳s annoyed.4.What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?A.Attend additional courses.B.Make plans for the new term.C.Earn money for their education.D.Prepare for their graduate studies.答案1.C2.A3.B4.CPassage 13(2019安徽,C)词数:260As

263、Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information,are people remembering less?If you know your computer will save information,why store it in your own personal memory,your brain?Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.In a recent study,Profe

264、ssor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments.She and her research team wanted to know how the Internet is changing memory.In the first experiment,they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer.The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information.The secon

265、d group understood that the computer would not save it.Later,the second group remembered the information better.People in the first group knew they could find the information again,so they did not try to remember it.In another experiment,the researchers gave people facts to remember,and told them wh

266、ere to find the information on the computer.The information was in a specific computer folder(文件夹).Surprisingly,people later remembered the folder location(位置)better than the facts.When people use the Internet,they do not remember the information.Rather, they remember how to find it.This is called“t

267、ransactive memory(交互记忆)”.According to Sparrow,we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet.Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories;that is,people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it a

268、t a later date.This doesn􀆳t mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent,but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.1.The passage begins with two questions to.A.introduce the main topicB.show the author􀆳s attitudeC.describe how to use the InternetD.explain

269、 how to store information2.What can we learn about the first experiment?A.The Sparrow􀆳s team typed the information into a computer.B.The two groups remembered the information equally well.C.The first group did not try to remember the information.D.The second group did not understand the inf

270、ormation.3.In transactive memory,people. A.keep the information in mindB.change the quantity of informationC.organize information like a computerD.remember how to find the information4.What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow􀆳s research?A.We are using memory differently.B.We

271、are becoming more intelligent.C.We have poorer memories than before.D.We need a better way to access information.答案1.A2.C3.D4.APassage 14(2019湖北,D)词数:356The oddness of life in space never quite goes away.Here are some examples.First consider something as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own

272、 challenges.The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.If you leave your arms out,they float free in zero gravity,often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet(芭蕾)dancer.“I􀆳m an inside guy,”Mike Hopkins says,who returned from a six-mont

273、h tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.”On the station,the ordinary becomes strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.It also has no seat.With no gravity,it􀆳s just as easy to pedal violently.You can watch a movie while you pedal by f

274、loating a microcomputer anywhere you want.But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air,the carbon dioxide you exhale(呼气)has a tendency to form an invisible(隐形的)cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carb

275、on-dioxide headache.Leroy Chiao,54,an American retired astronaut after four flights,describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.“Your inner ear thinks you􀆳re falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you􀆳re standing straight.That can be annoyingthat􀆳s w

276、hy some people feel sick.”Within a couple of daystruly terrible days for someastronauts􀆳 brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear,and space sickness disappears.Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous.For instance,astronauts lose bone m

277、ass.That􀆳s why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)puts it right on the workday schedule.The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy.NASA is worried about two things:

278、recovery time once astronauts return home,and,more importantly,how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.1.What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?A.Deciding on a proper sleep position.B.Choosi

279、ng a comfortable sleeping bag.C.Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly.D.Finding a right time to go to sleep.2.The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when.A.they circle around on their bikesB.they use microcomputers without a stopC.they exercise in one place for a long timeD.they wa

280、tch a movie while pedaling3.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because.A.their senses stop workingB.they have to stand up straightC.they float out of their seats unexpectedlyD.their brains receive contradictory messages4.One of NASA􀆳s major concerns about ast

281、ronauts is.A.how much exercise they do on the stationB.how they can remain healthy for long in spaceC.whether they can recover after returning homeD.whether they are able to go back to the station答案1.A2.C3.D4.BPassage 15(2019陕西,C)词数:307The production of coffee beans is a huge,profitable business,but

282、,unfortunately,full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds,and even disturbs the world􀆳s ecological balance.O

283、n a local level,the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the area􀆳s birds and animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species(物种)that depend on the trees􀆳 flowers and fruits.Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home.As a

284、result,many species are quickly dying out.On a more global level,the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens(威胁)human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests􀆳 plant and animal life,and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers fro

285、m finding cures for certain diseases.In addition,new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally,and eventually the world􀆳s groundwater.Both locally and globally,the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations(种植园)could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The lo

286、ss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world􀆳s climate,and studies show that the loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.Moreover,the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic(酸性的)soil conditions.It is obvious that the way much

287、 coffee is grown affects many aspects of life,from the local environment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice.They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible,although at a higher cost.The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of c

288、offee.1.What can we learn about full-sun coffee production from Paragraph 4?A.It limits the spread of new growing techniques.B.It leads to air pollution and global warming.C.It slows down the loss of shade trees.D.It improves local soil conditions.2.The purpose of the text is to.A.entertainB.adverti

289、seC.instructD.persuade3.Where does this text probably come from?A.An agricultural magazine.B.A medical journal.C.An engineering textbook.D.A tourist guide.4.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?(P:Paragraph)答案1.B2.D3.A4.APassage 16(2019江苏,B)词数:391In the United States alone,ov

290、er 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year.Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.Electronic devices contain valuable meta

291、ls such as gold and silver.A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste,the concentration(含量)of gold and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.Ele

292、ctronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed,the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries,in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.Creating products ou

293、t of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging (包装)it came in. Many wastes produced in

294、 the producing process are harmful as well.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “ the production, distribution, and use of productsas well as management of the resulting wasteall result in greenhouse gas release.”Individuals can reduce their contributio

295、n by creating less waste at the startfor instance, buying reusable products and recycling.In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive(动机)for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to

296、 sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place?Governments􀆳 incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap(

297、气泡垫)that encased your television?From the governments􀆳 point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.1.By mentioning

298、the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that.A.the weight of e-goods is rather smallB.e-waste deserves to be made good use ofC.natural minerals contain more precious metalsD.the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste2. The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended.A.fr

299、om producers to governmentsB.from governments to producersC.from individuals to distributorsD.from distributors to governments3.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.The increase in e-waste.B.The creation of e-waste. C.The seriousness of e-waste.D.The management of e-waste.答案1.B2.B3.DPassage 17(

300、2019重庆,C)词数:283The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly.Sadly,biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aidwe simply weigh too much,and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet,resulting in a lot of pressure tha

301、t makes us sink.However,several types of animals can walk on water.One of the most interesting is the common basilisk Basilicus basilicus,a lizard(蜥蜴)native to Central and South America.It can run across water for a distance of several meters,avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the water𙧅

302、1;s surface with its feet.The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward.For humans to do this,we􀆳d need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to create adequate “hitting.”But fortunately there is an alternative:cornflour.By adding enough of this

303、common thickening agent to water(and it does take a lot),you can create a “non-Newtonian” liquid that doesn􀆳t behave like normal water.Now,if the surface of the water is hit hard enough,particles(粒子)in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard.Move quickly enough and pu

304、t enough force into each step,and you really can walk across the surface of an adequately thick liquid of cornflour.Fun though all this may sound,it􀆳s still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice.If you must do it,then keep the water wings handy in case yo

305、u start to sinkand take a shower afterward!1.Walking on water hasn􀆳t become a reality mainly because humans.A.are not interested in itB.have biological limitationsC.have not invented proper toolsD.are afraid to make an attempt2.What do we know about Basilicus basilicus from the passage?A.It

306、 is light enough to walk on water.B.Its huge feet enable it to stay above water.C.It can run across water at a certain speed.D.Its unique skin keeps it from getting wet in water.3.What is the function of the cornflour according to the passage?A.To create a thick liquid.B.To turn the water into solid

307、.C.To help the liquid behave normally.D.To enable the water to move rapidly.4.What is the author􀆳s attitude toward the idea of humans􀆳 walking on water?A.It is risky but beneficial.B.It is interesting and worth trying.C.It is crazy and cannot become a reality.D.It is impractical th

308、ough theoretically possible.答案1.B2.C3.A4.DPassage 18(2019课标,B)词数:235Since the first Earth Day in 1970,Americans have gotten a lot “greener”toward the environment.“We didn􀆳t know at that time that there even was an environment,let alone that there was a problem with it,”says Bruce Anderson,p

309、resident of Earth Day USA. But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.Business people,political leaders,university professors,and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The understanding has increased many,many times,

310、”says Gaylord Nelson,the former governor from Wisconsin,who thought up the first Earth Day.According to US government reports,emissions(排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 4

311、0 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with,the world is a safer and healthier place.A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices.Great improvement has been achieved.In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs;today in 2019 there are about 6,600.Advanced lig

312、hts,motors,and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution. Twenty-five years ago,there were hardly any education programs for environment.Today,it􀆳s hard to find a public school,university,or law school that does not have such a kind of program.“Unti

313、l we do that,nothing else will change!”says Bruce Anderson.1.According to Anderson,before 1970,Americans had little idea about.A.the social movement B.recycling techniquesC.environmental problemsD.the importance of Earth Day2.Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?A.The

314、 grass-roots level.B.The business circle.C.Government officials.D.University professors.3.What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?A.They have cut car emissions to the lowest.B.They have settled their environmental problems.C.They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.D.They h

315、ave reduced pollution through effective measures.4.What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?A.Education.B.Planning.C.Green living.D.CO reduction.答案1.C2.A3.D4.APassage 19(2019重庆,B)词数:300There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas

316、about being fat and doing exercise.Some people believe that they can􀆳t help putting on weight as they get older,while others hold that if they stop exercising,their muscles will turn into fat.Here are some more myths:I􀆳ll never lose weightI come from a fat familyWrong!While we can&

317、#1049011;t change the body type we are born with,we can􀆳t blame our genes for making us fat.There􀆳s plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families,and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercising too little.I am fat because I burn calories

318、slowlyWrong!Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism(新陈代谢).In fact,although fat people consume more energy than slim people,they also fail to realize how much they eat!Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately.Exercise is boringWrong!Anything will become boring i

319、f you do it repetitively.The key is to develop a balanced and varied program that􀆳s fun as well as progressive.If you enjoy a Sunday walk,take a different route.If you do yoga,try a tai chi class.If you like swimming,set yourself a distance or time challenge.No pain,no gainWrong!Exercise is

320、 not meant to hurt.Indeed,pain is your body telling you something􀆳s wrong,and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury.You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly,but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches shou

321、ld disappear relatively quickly.If they don􀆳t,rest and seek medical advice.1.What does the author think about being fat?A.It is the family genes that make people fat.B.People are fat because they consume too little energy.C.A diary of exercise can prevent people from becoming fat.D.It is th

322、e consequence of people􀆳s unbalanced lifestyle.2.According to the author, how can we make exercise more interesting?A.By taking varied exercise.B.By choosing simple exercise.C.By doing regular exercise.D.By sticking to outdoor exercise.3.What is the author􀆳s opinion about “No pain,

323、 no gain” in exercising?A.Keeping fit is essentially a painful experience.B.Exercise should be stopped if continuous pain is felt.C.Pain in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal.D.Getting used to pain leads to positive changes in your body.4.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To declar

324、e the importance of keeping fit.B.To clarify some misconceptions about fatness and exercise.C.To confirm what has long been believed about keeping fit.D.To explain some medical facts about being fat and doing exercise.答案1.D2.A3.B4.B第三组议论文、应用文Passage 1(2019北京,D)词数:455Hollywood􀆳s theory that

325、machines with evil(邪恶的)minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI)may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded t

326、he field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way:“If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose

327、has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans;it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it

328、 is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against

329、 very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind

330、of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work:we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough

331、 to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as

332、they work in teamsyet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11,1933, famous ph

333、ysicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12,1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artif

334、icial intelligence may.A.run out of human controlB.satisfy human􀆳s real desiresC.command armies of killer robotsD.work faster than a mathematician2.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to.A.prevent themselves from being destroye

335、dB.achieve their original goals independentlyC.do anything successfully with given ordersD.beat humans in international chess matches3.According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to.A.help super intelligent machines work betterB.be secure against evil human beingsC.keep machines from being h

336、armedD.avoid robots􀆳 affecting the world4.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A.It will disappear with the development of AI.B.It will get worse with human interference.C.It will be solved but with difficulty.D.It will stay for a decade.答案1.A2.A3.D

337、4.CPassage 2(2019浙江,A)词数:414“Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori.With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did. Sean told me two days ago.”Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about? It just happens to be yours truly, Adam Freedman. I can tell you that what they

338、 are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren􀆳t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话). I have noticed three effects of gossip: it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange

339、 kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group.An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topicbreakups, trouble at home, even dropping outthat a person would rather keep secret. The more

340、embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in anothe

341、r effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor (传言)can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don􀆳t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.” In other words, gossip is satisfying b

342、ecause it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority (优越感).Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school term

343、s, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do􀆳s and don􀆳ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any st

344、udent handbook.The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.1.The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to. A.introduce a topicB

345、.present an argumentC.describe the charactersD.clarify his writing purpose2.An important negative effect of gossip is that it.A.breaks up relationshipsB.embarrasses the listenerC.spreads information aroundD.causes unpleasant experiences3.In the author􀆳s opinion, many people like to gossip b

346、ecause it.A.gives them a feeling of pleasureB.helps them to make more friendsC.makes them better at telling storiesD.enables them to meet important people4.Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can.A.provide students with written rulesB.help people watch their won behaviorsC.force schools to imp

347、rove student handbooksD.attract the police􀆳s attention to group behaviors5.What advice does the author give in the passage?A.Never become a gossiper.B.Stay away from gossipers.C.Don􀆳t let gossip turn into lies.D.Think twice before you gossip.答案1.A2.D3.A4.B5.DPassage 3(2019北京,D)词数:3

348、68Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life,mostly for the better.However,social changes that are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes.An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending c

349、ollege.Surveys(调查)on this topic suggest that parents today continue to be“very”or“somewhat”overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories.The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago.This is usually inte

350、rpreted as a sign that today􀆳s parents are trying to manage their children􀆳s lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate.However,greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their“adult”children.In the context(背景)of th

351、is discussion,it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents􀆳 involvement with their grown children.If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently,would this have been possible?Probably not.On the other

352、hand,does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasn􀆳t present a generation ago?Many studies show that older parentstoday􀆳s grandparentswould have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.Further

353、more,studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children.The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new;nor are requests for more money to be sent from home.This phenomenon is neither good nor

354、bad;it is a fact of college life,today and in the past.Thanks to the advanced technology,we live in an age of bettered communication.This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college.But it is useful to bear in mind tha

355、t all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.1.The surveys inform us of.A.the development of technologyB.the changes of adult children􀆳s behaviorC.the parents􀆳 over-protection of their college childrenD

356、.the means and expenses of students􀆳 communication2.The writer believes that.A.parents today are more protective than those in the pastB.the disadvantages of new technology outweigh its advantagesC.technology explains greater parental involvement with their childrenD.parents􀆳 chang

357、ed attitudes lead to college children􀆳s delayed independence3.What is the best title for the passage?A.Technology or AttitudeB.Dependence or IndependenceC.Family Influences or Social ChangesD.College Management or Communication Advancement4.Which of the following shows the development of id

358、eas in this passage?I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要点)C:Conclusion答案1.C2.C3.A4.BPassage 4(2019重庆,E)词数:298The values of artistic works,according to cultural relativism(相对主义),are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions.Such a view,however,fails to explain the ability of some wor

359、ks of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world.It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls,as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries.Uniq

360、ue works of this kind are different from today􀆳s popular art,even if they began as works of popular art.They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.In a 1757 essay,the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the gener

361、al principles of taste are uniform(不变的)in human nature”,the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent.He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years.Works of this type,he believed,spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over

362、 centuries.Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art.For example,evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long-lasting themes and plot devices in fiction.The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analy

363、sis as never before.Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.1.According to the passage,what do we know about cultural relativism?A.It introduces different cultural values.B.It explains the history of

364、artistic works.C.It relates artistic values to local conditions.D.It excites the human mind throughout the world.2.In Paragraph 2,the artists are mentioned in order to show that.A.great works of art can go beyond national boundariesB.history gives art works special appeal to set them apartC.popular

365、arts are hardly distinguishable from great artsD.great artists are skilled at combining various cultures3.According to Hume,some works of art can exist for centuries because.A.they are results of scientific studyB.they establish some general principles of artC.they are created by the world􀆳

366、s greatest artistsD.they appeal to unchanging features of human nature4.Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?A.Are Artistic Values Universal?B.Are Popular Arts Permanent?C.Is Human Nature Uniform?D.Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?答案1.C2.A3.D4.APassage 5(2019浙江,A)词数:418

367、From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible failure and public humiliation.When children are little we make them read aloud,before the teacher and other children,so that we can be sure they“know”all the words they are reading.This means that when they do

368、n􀆳t know a word,they are going to make a mistake,right in front of everyone.After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years,I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books,and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously.One day soon after school ha

369、d started,I said to them,“Now I􀆳m going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before.I would like you to read a lot of books this year,but I want you to read them only for pleasure.I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understa

370、nd the books or not.If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it,that􀆳s enough for me.Also I􀆳m not going to ask you what words mean.”The children sat stunned and silent.Was this a teacher talking?One girl,who had just come to us from a school where sh

371、e had had a very hard time,looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished.Then,still looking at me,she said slowly and seriously,“Mr.Holt,do you really mean that?”I said just as seriously,“I mean every word of it.”During the spring she really astonished me.One day,she was reading at her

372、desk.From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was.I said to myself,“It can􀆳t be,”and went to take a closer look.Sure enough,she was reading Moby Dick,in the edition with woodcuts.I said,“Don􀆳t you find parts of it rather heavy going?”She answered,“Oh,sure,

373、but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part.”This is exactly what reading should be and in school so seldom isan exciting,joyous adventure.Find something,dive into it,take the good parts,skip the bad parts,get what you can out of it,go on to something else.How different is our m

374、ean-spirited,picky insistence that every child get every last little scrap of“understanding”that can be dug out of a book.1.According to the passage,children􀆳s fear and dislike of books may result from. A.reading little and thinking littleB.reading often and adventurouslyC.being made to rea

375、d too muchD.being made to read aloud before others2.The teacher told his students to read.A.for enjoymentB.for knowledgeC.for a larger vocabularyD.for higher scores in exams3.Upon hearing the teacher􀆳s talk,the children probably felt that.A.it sounded stupid B.it was not surprising at allC.

376、it sounded too good to be true D.it was no different from other teachers􀆳 talk4.Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage?A.She skipped over those easy parts while reading.B.She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.C.She learned to app

377、reciate some parts of the difficult books.D.She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.5.From the teacher􀆳s point of view,.A.children cannot tell good parts from bad parts while readingB.children should be left to decide what to read and how to readC.reading is never a p

378、leasant and inspiring experience in schoolD.reading involves understanding every little piece of information答案1.D2.A3.C4.C5.BPassage 6(2019江苏,D)词数:596Freedom and ResponsibilityFreedom􀆳s challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic.We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wo

379、ndering what we are going to do with it.Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom.Before that there was no freedom.There were great civilizations,splendid empires,but no freedom anywhere.Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies,one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.In Greece,in Athens(

380、雅典),a little city in a little country,there were no helpless masses.And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed,and the unwritten,which must be obeyed if free men live together.They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life woul

381、d be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted.A man was free if he was self-controlled.To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom.They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private a

382、ffair.Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens,not because it was forced on him from the outside,but because the city was his pride and his safety.The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibil

383、ity for the state.But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers.It cannot be discovered once for all.If people do not prize it,and work for it,it will go.Constant watch is its price.Athens changed.It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importan

384、ce,a spiritual change which affected the whole state.It had been the Athenian􀆳s pride and joy to give to their city.That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds.There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who pa

385、id her citizens for doing her work.Now instead of men giving to the state,the state was to give to them.What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them;and with this as the primary object,ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to

386、the point of disappearing.Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility.There could be only one result.If men insisted on be

387、ing free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good,they would cease to be free.Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom.It is to be had on no other terms.Athens,the Athens of Ancient Greece,refused responsibility;she reached the end of freedom and wa

388、s never to have it again.But,“the excellent becomes the permanent,”Aristotle said.Athens lost freedom forever,but freedom was not lost forever for the world.A great American,James Madison,referred to:“The capacity(能力)of mankind for self-government.”No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Gr

389、eek.Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind,but once man has a great and good idea,it is never completely lost.The Digital Age cannot destroy it.Somehow in this or that man􀆳s thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action.One can never be sure that it is

390、 not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime.1.What does the underlined word“tyrannies”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.Countries where their people need help.B.Powerful states with higher civilization.C.Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.D.Governments ruled

391、with absolute power.2.People believing in freedom are those who.A.regard their life as their own businessB.seek gains as their primary objectC.behave within the laws and value systemsD.treat others with kindness and pity3.What change in attitude took place in Athens?A.The Athenians refused to take t

392、heir responsibility.B.The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.C.The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.D.The Athenians looked on the government as a business.4.What does the sentence“There could be only one result.”in Paragraph 5 mean?A.Athens would continue to be free.B.Athe

393、ns would cease to have freedom.C.Freedom would come from responsibility.D.Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.5.Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison?A.The author is hopeful about freedom.B.The author is cautious about self-government.C.The author is skeptical of Greek civili

394、zation.D.The author is proud of man􀆳s capacity.6.What is the author􀆳s understanding of freedom?A.Freedom can be more popular in the digital age.B.Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.C.Freedom should have priority over responsibility.D.Freedom needs to be guaranteed by res

395、ponsibility.答案1.D2.C3.A4.B5.A6.DPassage 7(2019湖北,A)词数:381“I see you􀆳ve got a bit of water on your coat,”said the man at the petrol station.“Is it raining out there?”“No,it􀆳s pretty nice,”I replied,checking my sleeve.“Oh,right.A pony(马驹)bit me earlier.”As it happened,the bite was vi

396、rtually painless:more the kind of small bite you might get from a naughty child.The pony responsible was queuing up for some ice cream in the car park near Haytor,and perhaps thought I􀆳d jumped in ahead of him.The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area

397、 and tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods,despite signs asking them not to.By feeding the ponies,tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car,and make them harder to gather during the area􀆳s annual pony drift(迁移).The purpose of a pony drift is to gather them up so the

398、ir health can be checked,the baby ones can be stopped from feeding on their mothers􀆳 milk,and those who􀆳ve gone beyond their limited area can be returned to their correct area.Some of them are also later sold,in order to limit the number of ponies according to the rules set by Natu

399、ral England.Three weeks ago,I witnessed a small near-disaster a few miles west of here.While walking,I noticed a pony roll over on his back.“Hello!”I said to him,assuming he was just rolling for fun,but he was very still and,as I got closer,I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily

400、.I began to properly worry about him.Fortunately,I managed to get in touch with a Dartmoor􀆳s Livestock Protection officer and send her a photo.The officer immediately sent a local farmer out to check on the pony.The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks.The farmer freed him,and h

401、e began to run happily around again.Dartmoor has 1,000 or so ponies,who play a critical role in creating the diversity of species in this area.Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies,and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable(可持续的)future for one of Dartmoor􀆳s most

402、financially-troubled elements.1.Why are tourists asked not to feed the ponies?A.To protect the tourists from being bitten.B.To keep the ponies off the petrol station.C.To avoid putting the ponies in danger.D.To prevent the ponies from fighting.2.One of the purposes of the annual pony drift is.A.to f

403、eed baby ponies on milkB.to control the number of poniesC.to expand the habitat for poniesD.to sell the ponies at a good price3.What was the author􀆳s first reaction when he saw a pony roll on its back?A.He freed it from the trap.B.He called a protection officer.C.He worried about it very mu

404、ch.D.He thought of it as being naughty.4.What does the author imply about the preservation of Dartmoor􀆳s ponies?A.It lacks people􀆳s involvement.B.It costs a large amount of money.C.It will affect tourism in Dartmoor.D.It has caused an imbalance of species.答案1.C2.B3.D4.BPassage 8(20

405、19福建,C)词数:201SIGN YOUR CHILD UP FOR“FLY TO THE MOON CLUB”AND ENJOY A FREE*FLIGHT TO ANY DESTINATION IN ASIA!With a registration fee of just $50 per child,children under the age of 12 can join Eagle Airways􀆳 FLY TO THE MOON CLUB as members.They can then enjoy the same benefits onboard Eagle

406、Airways􀆳 newest Boeing-797 to any destination in the world!BENEFITS YOU CAN􀆳T MISS!A free* flight to any destination in Asia30% off any course at Tanya Language School20% off any purchase made at Ruby BookstoreA free notebook with every purchase above $50 at Starlight StationeryA f

407、ree bowl of dessert for a family of four at Don􀆳s Diners with every set dinner orderedA birthday gift on your child􀆳s birthdayA free album containing pictures taken during the journeyAll bookings made before 12 September will receive free travel insurance for the entire family!*Ins

408、urance is issued by Live Life Insurance Group.10% OFF ALL BOOKINGSfor departures from 5 to 11 September 2019*Child must be accompanied by two paying adults.*Terms and conditions apply.1.One of the benefits mentioned in the advertisement is. A.a free flight to any destination in the worldB.30% off an

409、y book purchased at Ruby BookstoreC.a free bowl of dessert at any restaurant at the airportD.a discount on any course at Tanya Language School2.Which of the following bookings may receive the most benefits?A. Booking dateDeparture dateSeptember 13September 18B. Booking dateDeparture dateSeptember 2S

410、eptember 12C. Booking dateDeparture dateAugust 15September 4D. Booking dateDeparture dateAugust 16September 83.Which of the following is TRUE according to the advertisement?A.You need to pay $50 to sign up a child for the club.B.Club members enjoy free travel insurance for any flight.C.The advertise

411、ment is intended for students of all ages.D.Any child must be accompanied by at least one paying adult.答案1.D2.D3.APassage 9(2019北京,B)词数:312Revolutionary TV EarsTV Ears has helped thousands of people with various degrees of hearing loss hear the television clearly without turning up the volume(音量) an

412、d now it􀆳s better and more affordable than ever! With TV Ears wireless technology,you set your own headset volume,while other TV listeners hear the television at a volume level that􀆳s comfortable for them.You can even listen through the headset only and put the TV on mute(静音) if th

413、e situation calls for a quiet environmentmaybe the baby is sleeping.Or perhaps you are the only one who is interested in listening to the ballgame.TV Ears patented technology includes a revolutionary noise reduction ear tip,not used in any other commercially available headset.This tip reduces outsid

414、e noise so that television dialogue is clear and understandable.Get the technology that has proven to help the most demanding customers.That􀆳s why TV Ears has earned the trust and confidence of audiologists(听觉学家) nationwide as well as world-famous doctors.Doctor Recommended TV Ears!“My wife

415、 and I have used TV Ears almost daily for the past two years and find them a great help in our enjoyment of television.As a retired ear doctor,I heartily recommend TV Ears to people with normal hearing as well as those with hearing loss.”Robert Forbes,M.D.,CACustomer Recommended TV Ears!“Now my husb

416、and can have the volume as loud as he needs and I can have the TV at my hearing level.TV Ears is so comfortable that Jack forgets he has them on!He can once again hear and understand the dialogue.”Darlene & Jack B.,CARisk Free Trial!TV Ears comes with a 30-day risk free trial.Special OfferNow $59.95

417、.If you􀆳re not satisfied,return it.Money-back guarantee!Call now! 800-123-78321.TV Ears helps you.A.improve your sleeping qualityB.listen to TV without disturbing othersC.change TV channels without difficultyD.become interested in ballgame programs2.What makes TV Ears different from other h

418、eadsets?A.It can easily set TV on mute.B.Its headset volume is adjustable.C.It has a new noise reduction ear tip.D.It applies special wireless technology.3.This advertisement is made more believable by.A.using recommendationsB.offering reasons for this inventionC.providing statisticsD.showing the re

419、sults of experiments答案1.B2.C3.APassage 10(2019四川,A)词数:185Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone􀆳s life?If yes,don􀆳t care about sex or age!Come and join us,and then you􀆳ll make it!Position:Volunteer Social Care Assistant(No Pay

420、with Free Meals)Place:ManchesterHours:Part TimeWe are now looking for volunteers to support people with learning disabilities to live active lives!Only 4 days left.Don􀆳t miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others!Role:You will provide people with learning disabilities with al

421、l aspects of their daily lives.You will help them to develop new skills.You will help them to protect their rights and their safety.But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued.Skills and Experience Required:You will have the right values and great listening skills.You will be honest

422、 and patient.You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since you􀆳ll have to help those people with different learning disabilities.Previous care-related experience will be a great advantage for you.1.The text is meant to.A.leave a noteB

423、.send an invitationC.present a documentD.carry an advertisement2.What does the underlined part mean?A.You􀆳ll make others􀆳 lives more meaningful with this job.B.You􀆳ll arrive home just in time from this job.C.You􀆳ll earn a good salary from this job.D.You􀆳l

424、l succeed in getting this job.3.The volunteers􀆳 primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities.A.to get some financial support B.to properly protect themselvesC.to learn some new living skills D.to realize their own importance4.Which of the following can first be chosen

425、 as a volunteer?A.The one who can drive a car.B.The one who has done similar work before.C.The one who has patience to listen to others.D.The one who can use English to communicate.答案1.D2.A3.D4.BPassage 11(2019课标,A)词数:204The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity ChallengeDare to Take the Curiosity Ch

426、allenge!The Cambridge Science Festival(CSF)is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge.The challenge invites,even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world

427、.Students are being dared to draw a picture,write an article,take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about.To enter the challenge,all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival,MIT Museum,265 Mass Avenue,Cambridge 02139 by Friday,February 8th.

428、Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday,April 21st.Guest speakers will also present prizes to the students.Winning entries will be published in a book.Student entries will be exhibited and prizes will be gi

429、ven.Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.Between March 10th and March 15th,each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration.The program guidelines and other related information are availab

430、le at:http:/cambridgesciencefestival.org.1.Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge? A.School students.B.Cambridge locals.C.CSF winners.D.MIT artists.2.When will the prize-giving ceremony be held?A.On February 8th.B.On March 10th.C.On March 15th.D.On April 21st.3.What type of writing is this tex

431、t?A.An exhibition guide.B.An art show review.C.An announcement.D.An official report.答案1.A2.D3.CPassage 12(2019北京,C)词数:388Choosing the Right Resolution(决定)Millions of Americans began 2019 with the same resolution they started 2019 with,a goal of losing weight.However,setting weight loss as a goal is

432、a mistake.To reach our goal of losing weightthe output,we need to control what we eatthe input(输入).That is,we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.This is a bad way to construct goals.The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input.Instead of resolving to lose weight,t

433、ry an actionable resolution:“I􀆳ll stop having dessert for lunch,”or “I􀆳ll walk every day for 20 minutes.”Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.Recently a new science behind incentives(激励),including in

434、education,has been discussed.For example,researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school.In some cases,he gave students incentives based on input,like reading certain books,while in others,the incentives were based on output,like results on exams.H

435、is main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output.Fryer􀆳s conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be more effective because students do not know how to do better on an exam,aside from general rules like “study ha

436、rder”.Reading certain books,on the other hand,is a well-set task over which they have much more control.As long as you have direct control over your goal,you have a much higher chance of success.And it􀆳s easier to start again if you fail,because you know exactly what you need to do.If you w

437、ant to cut down on your spending,a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a caf,for example.This is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily.Spending less money isn􀆳t a goal because it􀆳s too general.Similarly,if

438、you want to spend more time with your family,don􀆳t stop with this general wish.Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to,like a family movie night every Wednesday.In the long run,these new goals could become a habit.1.The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a g

439、oal is a mistake because.A.it is hard to achieve for most AmericansB.it is focused too much on the resultC.it is dependent on too many thingsD.it is based on actionable decisions2.In Roland Fryer􀆳s research,some students did better than the others because.A.they obeyed all the general rules

440、B.they paid more attention to examsC.they were motivated by their classmatesD.they were rewarded for reading some books3.According to the writer,which of the following statements is a good goal?A.“I􀆳ll give up dessert.”B.“I􀆳ll study harder.”C.“I􀆳ll cut down my expenses.”D.

441、“I􀆳ll spend more time with my family.”4.The writer strongly believes that we should.A.develop good habits and focus on the outcomeB.be optimistic about final goals and stick to themC.pick specific actions that can be turned into good habitsD.set ambitious goals that can balance the input an

442、d output答案1.B2.D3.A4.CPassage 13(2019天津,D)词数:317When asked about happiness,we usually think of something extraordinary,an absolute delight,which seems to get rarer the older we get.For kids,happiness has a magical quality.Their delight at winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved(毫无掩饰的).In

443、the teenage years the concept of happiness changes.Suddenly it􀆳s conditional on such things as excitement,love and popularity.I can still recall the excitement of being invited to dance with the most attractive boy at the school party.In adulthood the things that bring deep joylove,marriage

444、,birthalso bring responsibility and the risk of loss.For adults,happiness is complicated(复杂的).My definition of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”.The more we can enjoy what we have,the happier we are.It􀆳s easy to overlook the pleasure we get from the company of friends,the freedom to

445、 live where we please,and even good health.I experienced my little moments of pleasure yesterday.First I was overjoyed when I shut the last lunch-box and had the house to myself.Then I spent an uninterrupted morning writing,which I love.When the kids and my husband came home,I enjoyed their noise af

446、ter the quiet of the day.Psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work.I don􀆳t think that my grandmother,who raised 14 children,had much of either.She did have a network of close friends and family,and maybe this is what satisfied her.We,

447、however,with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area,have turned happiness into one more thing we􀆳ve got to have.We􀆳re so self-conscious about our“right”to it that it􀆳s making us miserable.So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success,without notic

448、ing that the people who have those things aren􀆳t necessarily happier.Happiness isn􀆳t about what happens to usit􀆳s about how we see what happens to us.It􀆳s the skillful way of finding a positive for every negative.It􀆳s not wishing for what we don􀆳

449、t have,but enjoying what we do possess.1.As people grow older,they.A.feel it harder to experience happinessB.associate their happiness less with othersC.will take fewer risks in pursuing happinessD.tend to believe responsibility means happiness2.What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 5 a

450、nd 6?A.She cares little about her own health.B.She enjoys the freedom of traveling.C.She is easily pleased by things in daily life.D.She prefers getting pleasure from housework.3.What can be inferred from Paragraph 7?A.Psychologists think satisfying work is key to happiness.B.Psychologists􀆳

451、 opinion is well proved by Grandma􀆳s case.C.Grandma often found time for social gatherings.D.Grandma􀆳s happiness came from modest expectations of life.4.People who equal happiness with wealth and success.A.consider pressure something blocking their wayB.stress their right to happin

452、ess too muchC.are at a loss to make correct choicesD.are more likely to be happy5.What can be concluded from the passage?A.Happiness lies between the positive and the negative.B.Each man is the master of his own fate.C.Success leads to happiness.D.Happy is he who is content.答案1.A2.C3.D4.B5.DPassage

453、14(2019北京,C)词数:325Does Fame Drive You Crazy?Although being famous might sound like a dream come true,today􀆳s stars,feeling like zoo animals,face pressures that few of us can imagine.They are at the center of much of the world􀆳s attention.Paparazzi(狗仔队)camp outside their homes,camer

454、as ready.Tabloids(小报)publish thrilling stories about their personal lives.Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature!According to psychologist Christina Villarreal,celebritiesfamous peopleworry constantly about their public appearance.Eventua

455、lly,they start to lose track of who they really are,seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them,not as the people they were before everyone knew their names.“Over time,”Villarreal says,“they feel separated and alone.”The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages.In the 4th ce

456、ntury B.C.,painters followed Alexander the Great into battle,hoping to picture his victories for his admirers.When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century,his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans,leading him to complain(抱怨)about his lack of privacy.Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930

457、s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.Being a public figure today,however,is a lot more difficult than it used to be.Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras.When they say something silly or do something

458、 ridiculous,there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story”alive forever.If fame is so troublesome,why aren􀆳t all celebrities running away from it?The answer is there are still ways to deal with it.Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted

459、 friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities.They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice.Still,even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about

460、 how hard their lives are.They are tired of being famous already.1.It can be learned from the passage that stars today.A.are often misunderstood by the publicB.can no longer have their privacy protectedC.spend too much on their public appearanceD.care little about how they have come into fame2.What

461、is the main idea of Paragraph 3?A.Great heroes of the past were generally admired.B.The problem faced by celebrities has a long history.C.Well-known actors are usually targets of tabloids.D.Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.3.What makes it much harder to be a celebrity today?A.Ava

462、ilability of modern media.B.Inadequate social recognition.C.Lack of favorable chances.D.Huge population of fans.4.What is the author􀆳s attitude toward modern celebrity? A.Sincere.B.Sceptical.C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic.答案1.B2.B3.A4.D【三年模拟】A组20192019年模拟基础题组第一组记叙文、说明文Passage 1 (2019温州十校联合体10

463、月联考,B)词数:269Moksh Jawa, 16, a junior student in Washington High School in the US, has already become a hero among students. As a seventh-grader, he studied on the Internet and taught himself programming. As a high school freshman, he passed the AP Computer Science A Exam with a 5, the highest possib

464、le score. Because his high school didn􀆳t teach programming, he developed his own online course and helped classmates get through it.Everything he did came from his interest. “I just fell in love with computer science.” Jawa said. He encouraged classmates to learn programming, too.Trying to

465、make the knowledge easy for anyone to learn on the Internet, Jawa set about creating his own online course, with easy-to-follow lessons, quizzes and tests.The course has so far attracted 3,200 students across the United States and in 120 countries including China, Ukraine and Algeria. It shows, Jawa

466、 said, the huge need for programming lessons.“I deliver it like I􀆳m talking from one high school student to another,” Jawa said, “It􀆳s always great to make it as clear and fun as possible, and to try to keep my voice as energetic as possible.”He does that, too, when teaching member

467、s of the computer science club he founded in Washington.“He􀆳s pretty amazing,” said Bob Moran, headmaster of Washington High School, who saw him lead the club. “He was just a fantastic teacher, clear, organized and entertaining. When a student got the right answer, he would throw them a pie

468、ce of candy.”1.Which can be the main reason for Jawa creating the online course?A.He has a great interest in teaching.B.The online teaching can make him a hero.C.He wants to help his classmates and others to learn the subject.D.There is a huge need for programming lessons around the world.2.What do

469、we know about Jawa􀆳s online lessons?A.They are hard to understand.B.They􀆳ve attracted learners around the world.C.They are taught in different languages.D.They are easy and fun without quizzes and tests.3.What the headmaster said in the last paragraph shows that .A.Jawa has always

470、been a great club leaderB.Jawa is a hero in Washington High SchoolC.Jawa is very good at computer programmingD.Jawa knows how to teach and encourage students 答案1.C2.B3.DPassage 2(2019金丽衢三地市9月联考,B)词数:289Smartphones have been blamed for everything from taking drivers􀆳 attention from driving t

471、o keeping people on the sofa scrolling(滚屏). But the smartphone that seems to be everywhere could just as easily increase physical activity if it pushes its owner􀆳s buttons in the right way.New research shows that making social connections through activity-tracking apps gets people to move m

472、ore. And a separate study on this summer􀆳s “Pokmon Go”phenomenon shows that the smartphone game got players to take thousands more steps than usual. Together, the studies show the potential for smartphones to push a range of people to be more active.People who linked with friends on the act

473、ivity-tracking app increase their steps by 400 a day on average over the next week, compared with people who made no social connections, according to Tim Althoff and two other computer scientists at Stanford University. The effect of social connections declined, but remained significant for five mon

474、ths before the numbers fell back even with users who made no connections.Such insights show the promise of smartphones and games to help with one of the most stubborn public health problemsthat even people who want to be active have trouble staying active.An NBA video game, for example, gives player

475、s extra powers in the game if they reach a step goal in real life. The app“Zomies, Run!”uses audio stories to push people to run more or run faster.Still, there is room for growth:Only about 4% of all health apps use“gamification”,such as point-scoring or competition, according to a study published

476、in October in BMJ Open.“Gamification is actually quite closely linked with behavior change techniques,”says Dr. Elizabeth Ann Edwards, the study􀆳s lead author and a doctor and researcher at Queen Mary University of London.1.What does the author think of smartphones?A.They lead to people

477、49011;s lack of physical activity.B.They will make people have more connections.C.They can have video games more interesting.D.They can involve their users in more exercise.2.According to “Pokmon Go” phenomenon, smartphone users become more active because .A.they have more social connectionsB.they g

478、et extra powers in lifeC.the games increase physical activityD.a life goal has been set step by step3.Who are most likely to exercise more?A.Video watchers on the sofa.B.Smartphone game lovers.C.People with no social connections.D.People with trouble staying active.4.How does the author try to argue

479、 the case of smartphones?A.By showing the results of some researches.B.By explaining the functions of smartphones.C.By giving vivid description of some games.D.By analyzing the causes of public health problems.答案1.D2.C3.B4.APassage 3(2019浙江宁波鄞南三校12月联考,B)词数:288Hello. It􀆳s one of the first wo

480、rds we learn as babies, yet it􀆳s one of the last ones we think to use as adults. That􀆳s unfortunate, because saying hello is more than just saying helloit is noticing another􀆳s worth. How might the world changehow might we changeif we mastered this word? To find it out, I

481、spent one month saying hello to every person I met. Here􀆳s what I􀆳ve learned.It can improve productivity. In one of the few studies ever done on this subject, Allan Allday, an assistant professor of special education at Oklahoma State University, had middle school teachers greet th

482、eir students individually each morning. This exchange of greetings raised the kids􀆳 productivity. School went from impersonal to personal, and that resulted in more class participation and better grades.Environments influence friendliness. And researchers say pleasant environments generally

483、 encourage more smiles and hellos than unpleasant ones. My experience was similar. Whatever the reason is, my urban hellos were answered far less often than my rural ones. Similarly, people in vacation spots, like the Jersey Shore, were far friendlier than those hurrying to work downtown.It􀆳

484、;s a form of universal health insurance. It􀆳s impossible to say hello without smiling. And smiling has been shown to lower blood pressure, relieve stress and improve happiness. Apparently, a smile creates a similar effect on the recipient (接受者). So maybe we can make the world a better place

485、 by saying hello to each other. After a month of doing it, I feel lighter and more connected and I have a better sense of well-being.1.What can be inferred in Paragraph 1?A.Adults are not willing to say hello.B.The first word we learn as babies is hello.C.Saying hello is resistance to another⣺

486、11;s worth.D.The writer wasted a month saying hello to every person.2.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably means that.A.teachers and students got friendlier and the students became more active and scored higherB.the exchange of greetings resulted in the increasing number of school student

487、sC.students can get higher scores in tests because they greet their teachers every dayD.in private schools, there is more class participation and better grades3.According to the passage, smiling can have the following effects on health except.A.lowering blood pressureB.improving intelligenceC.increa

488、sing pleasureD.reducing pressure4.What􀆳s the writer􀆳s purpose of writing the passage?A.To tell us saying hello can improve productivity.B.To tell us saying hello is a form of universal health insurance.C.To prove that environments influence friendliness.D.To advise us to say hello

489、more often.答案1.A2.A3.B4.DPassage 4(2019浙江杭甬嘉期末十校联考,A)词数:338A high factor sunscreen(防晒霜)is generally expected to protect the skin from harmful rays, but it isn􀆳t. A new research in this week􀆳s Nature displays that while a sunscreen with a protection factor of 50 reduces the number o

490、f melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can􀆳t prevent them. Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers.You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin,blue or green eyes. Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun. Other skin cancer

491、s are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.There is continuing debate on how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomasthe evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancers. A 2019 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people who randomly selected to use sunscre

492、en daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used it as needed. A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn􀆳t have the cancers, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats, long sleeves or staying in the shade,did give s

493、ome protection. This study said other forms of sun protectionnot sunscreenseemed more beneficial. This study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it􀆳s not entirely reliable. But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense

494、of security in the sun.The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanomas􀆳 rates, as what is shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign. Thus, if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us to slip on shirt, slop on sunscr

495、een and slap on the hat.1.What is people􀆳s common expectation of a high factor sunscreen?A.It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.B.It will protect them from sunburn.C.It will keep their skin smooth and fair.D.It will work for people of any skin color.2.What do we learn from the 2019 A

496、ustralian study of 1,621 people?A.Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.B.High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.C.Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.D.Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the occurrence of

497、melanomas.3.What does the author suggest to reduce melanomas􀆳 rates?A.Using both covering up and sunscreen.B.Staying in the shade whenever possible.C.Using covering up instead of sunscreen.D.Applying the right amount of sunscreen.答案1.B2.D3.APassage 5(2019全国名校大联考,B)词数:298It was a bad time fo

498、r me. I was low emotionally and tired physically. Probably because of this I hadn􀆳t shaved for a few days. Also, because I had been doing some repairs at my daughter􀆳s house, I was dressed quite scruffily(不整洁地). Boarding the bus to go home, I saw it was almost full so I found a rai

499、l(扶手)to lean against.That􀆳s when a young woman, sitting with her child, stood up and offered me her seat. “Wow!” I thought. Out loud I said, “Do I look that old and tired?” She replied,“You look like you􀆳ve had a tough day.” I thanked her sincerely and stayed standing.A moment late

500、r a man rose from his seat at the back of the bus and made his way towards me, squeezing past several people on the way. Then he told me about his addiction problems, asked my advice, and just chatted about life for a few minutes. Then he went back to his seat. Very random!Watching him go, I also lo

501、oked at the busa load of people between me and his seat. He hadn􀆳t chosen to talk to those strangers. He chose to talk to this stranger, for whatever it meant to him and whatever comfort it brought him. Why?That􀆳s when it occurred to me. I must have looked like I had been where he

502、was.I probably looked like a man who would understand a difficult life. I was humbled and uplifted at the same time by the realization that even when we are at our lowest we can still help othersif we look like we might be able to meet them where they live or walk a while in their world.1.We can lea

503、rn from Paragraph 1 that the writer .A.didn􀆳t stay at home every dayB.got along well with his daughterC.helped people that he knew wellD.fixed something at his daughter􀆳s home2.Why did the young woman offer her seat to the writer?A.Because she thought the writer looked very old.B.B

504、ecause the writer looked very friendly.C.Because the writer looked exhausted.D.Because the writer looked humorous.3.What can we learn about the man from the third paragraph? A.He lacked confidence in life.B.Maybe he took drugs heavily.C.He felt familiar with the writer.D.He was an acquaintance of th

505、e writer.4.The underlined words “this stranger” in Paragraph 4 probably refer to “”.A.the writer B.the driver C.one passenger D.the young woman答案1.D2.C3.B4.A第二组议论文、应用文Passage 6 (2019年湖州期中联考,B)词数:318In many places like Britain and Italy,if you leave the house without your wallet,you􀆳ll be in

506、 a difficult situation all day.No way to pay for food or transportation.But in China􀆳s largest cities,you can certainly survive without carrying cash or credit cards as long as you􀆳ve got your smartphone.When I lived in the United States,I didn􀆳t pay cash very often but I

507、always carried my credit cards.I wrote checks(支票)for my rent and paid most of my bills online.China􀆳s fast-developing mobile business industry is expected to surpass(超越)that of the US,so I set out to see how far a phone would get me in Beijing.Admittedly,I was a bit doubtful about going an

508、entire day in Beijing without any wallet,but I was surprised to discover just how easy it was.I paid for breakfast by scanning a QR code(密码)on the window of a hole-in-wall restaurant that sells Jian Bing,a delicious food and one of China􀆳s most popular street breakfasts.All I had to do was

509、to input a password and the deal was complete.Then I called a taxi using my phone to meet Gu Yu,co-founder of a new payment app,Mileslife.Ride sharing using a mobile payment allows people to save money by ordering different taxi stops and sharing the fares(车费)at the end.Gu said many Chinese didn

510、49011;t even like to use credit cards because they preferred to pay by phone.“China doesn􀆳t have a really moneymaking credit card system,”he said,“So Chinese just skipped(跨越)credit cards and went to mobile payments.”As we rode around Beijing,Gu pointed out the advantages of mobile payments.

511、No coins or bills that could be lost or stolen,and of course,no wallet.1.Which payment is more popular when the writer is in America?A.Cash. B.Bank.C.Credit Card.D.Mobile Phone.2.What can we learn from the last paragraph?A.Mobile payments are becoming popular.B.Most Chinese prefer credit cards to ph

512、one.C.It saves much more money to pay by phone.D.No wallet can be lost or stolen in China now.3.What does the writer think of the mobile payment in China?A.He doubts it.B.He supports it.C.He is against it.D.He disbelieves it. 答案1.C2.A3.BPassage 7(2019浙江嘉兴一中10月月考,B)词数:330Electric cars are dirty. In f

513、act, not only are they dirty, they might even be dirtier than their gasoline-powered cousins.People in California love to talk about “zero-emission vehicles”, but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from. Power plants mostly all use fire to make it. Aside from the

514、few folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators. Generators are fueled by somethingusually coal, oil, or by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal plants, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning someth

515、ing.In other words, those “zero-emission” cars are like coal-burning cars. The coal is burned somewhere else so it looks clean. It is not. It􀆳s as if the California Greens are covering their eyes “If I can􀆳t see it, it􀆳s not happening.” Gasoline is an incredibly efficient

516、way to power a vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas(or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heatat the generator, through the transmission lines, etc.A gallon of gas may propel

517、 your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won􀆳t get you nearly as far so electric cars burn more fuel than gas-powered ones. If our electricity came mostly from nuclear power or geothermal energy(地热), or hydro, or solar power, or wind, then an electric car trul

518、y would be clean. But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we don􀆳t use much of those energy sources.In addition, electric cars􀆳 batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill. And finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is

519、 spread across all the roads. When it􀆳s a power plant, all the junk is in one place. Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.1.It can be inferred from the passage that.A.being green is good and sh

520、ould be encouraged in communicationsB.electric cars are not clean in that we get electricity mainly by burning somethingC.zero-emission vehicles should be chosen to protect our environmentD.electric cars are now the dominant vehicle compared with their gasoline-powered cousins2.Compared with cars us

521、ing gas, electric cars.A.do not burn fuel and more environmentalB.are more poisonous because their batteries will end up in a landfillC.are very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentratedD.are poisonous for a long time and will eventually end up in a landfill3.The author wrote the pass

522、age to.A.encourage us to buy electric carsB.advocate buying gasoline-powered carsC.advertise a new type of carsD.expose the truth of “zero-emission vehicles”答案1.B2.B3.DB组20192019年模拟提升题组Passage 1(2019宁波十校联考,C)词数:352What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who st

523、udies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?We all know that science plays an important role in our societies. However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first aspect is the application of the

524、 machines, products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. The second is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scienti

525、st is curioushe wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, and looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected.Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys

526、 trying to solve the problems which this involves.He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and uses the facts he observes to the fullest. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that app

527、ear in a spectrum.He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available.He rejects authority as the only basis for truth.Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively.Furthermore, he does not readily accept his own idea, since h

528、e knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.Lastly, he is full of imagination since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete.Furthermore, he needs

529、 imagination if he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place.These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.1.Which of the following statements about a curious scientist is NOT TRUE?A.He focuses on the problems that have no reasona

530、ble explanations.B.He makes efforts to investigate potential connections.C.He is interested in condition-improving and problem-solving.D.He rejects authority as he believes himself to be the only reliable one.2.According to the passage, a successful scientist would .A.easily appreciate others⣺

531、11; research workB.easily believe in unchecked statementsC.always accept authority as they only basis for truthD.always use evidence from observation to the fullest3. can be used to describe the attitude that a good scientist holds towards scientific research.A.Objective and carefulB.Curious and cas

532、ualC.Cautious and arrogantD.Subjective and down to earth4.What does the passage mainly discuss?A.The key to a successful scientist.B.Scientists􀆳 ways of thinking and acting.C.The progress in modern science.D.The application of modern technology.答案1.D2.D3.A4.BPassage 2(2019稽阳10月联考,B)词数:310Yo

533、u may have heard the saying, women are from Venus and men are from Mars. It􀆳s a nice way of saying how males and females are, in many ways, quite different from each other.These differences can be seen everywhere, even in how we communicate with friends. A recent study by the University of

534、Oxford suggested that males and females keep long-distance relationships with friends of the same sex alive in different ways.Researchers questioned 30 students about their friendships just before they graduated from high school and moved away for college. They then followed up the questions nine mo

535、nths, and then 18 months, later.Robin Dunbar, who headed the research, told The Guardian, “What determined whether friendships survived with girls was whether they made an effort to talk more to each other on the phone.”“Males, on the other hand, tended to do things differently. Most male respondent

536、s said they got through months of being apart from friends by arranging occasional meet-ups. What held up their friendships was doing stuff together,” Dunbar told The Guardian. “Going to a football match, going to the pub for a drink. They had to make the effort. It was a very striking sex differenc

537、e.”Of course, gender isn􀆳t the only thing that determines how we stay in touch. The way we keep our relationships alive mostly comes down to the preference of each person, and it can take a while to find your own way of making your friendships work. One thing that is definitely clear though

538、 is that friends who make the effort to stay in contact, even if it􀆳s only through Skype once a week, do tend to stay friends, no matter what the distance.1.What􀆳s the main purpose of the underlined sentence in the first paragraph?A.To arouse the readers􀆳 interest.B.To sum

539、marize the whole passage.C.To state where men and women are from.D.To introduce the topic of the passage.2.According to the research, how do male friends keep relationships alive?A.By having a chat over the phone.B.By doing things differently from each other.C.By meeting up occasionally and doing st

540、uff together.D.By visiting each other frequently.3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.How to make friendships work depends heavily on the individual preference.B.Male friends need to meet up face to face if their “bromance” is to survive.C.Gender isn􀆳t what determines the way peopl

541、e stay in touch.D.To stay friends, people have to stay in touch through Skype.答案1.D2.C3.APassage 3(2019四川成都外国语高三期中,A)词数:330There are many Spanish gossip(八卦) magazines being published around the world. If your Spanish is good enough, these magazines will offer a lively look into the private moments o

542、f the beautiful, rich and famous, and provide entertainment and at the same time, help you practice your Spanish.Diez Minutos: The magazine is a classic Spanish gossip feast with daily news based on many stories of love, separation, divorce and death. The two main parts are headlined “love” and “par

543、tners”. They also have an online version of the magazine for serious gossip addicts.Hola: It is Spain􀆳s top weekly magazine and the leader of the gossip world. It contains many pictures and a round-up of well-known and less well-known nobles and people in show business. Apart from edited hi

544、ghlights from the present and past issues, there is a report of the week and a photo of the week. There is also a French version called OhLa!Revista CUORE: As the third best-selling gossip magazine in Spain, it is mainly aimed at younger teenage readers who look not only for current celebrity(名流) go

545、ssip, but also for fashion and TV news. It uses a lot of oral terms.Revista SEMANA: It is a Spanish magazine covering the latest news on the famous in Spain and Hollywood. It also offers its readers information on fashion, beauty, cooking and travel.Revista LECTURAS: Practical, friendly and informal

546、, this magazine is one of the most widely-read gossip magazines on the Spanish market today.M: It is a blog serving up a daily diet of national gossip news on Spanish and international celebrities and the celebrity world from a particular point of view.Revista CARAS: It is a magazine published in va

547、rious countries of Latin America. It is also exported to certain parts of the United States, bringing together strange and wonderful news from around the world and the famous Latin community.1.What does the first paragraph tell us about Spanish gossip magazines? 1.Types2.Publishers3.Functions4.Origi

548、nsA.1、2B.3、4C.1、3D.2、42.Which of the following has a French version?A.Hola.B.Revista SEMANA.C.Revista LECTURAS.D.M.3.How many of the magazines mentioned in the text can be read on the Internet?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.答案1.C2.A3.BPassage 4(2019浙江鄞州高级中学12月月考,B)词数:276Our non-profit organization had j

549、ust received a large donation of clothing. As three of us walked home for dinner, we saw a woman begging by the bridge. She was old and had no legs. She shivered in her thin sari(纱巾), which offered little protection from the cold wind. Her hunger forced her to beg. My friends and I looked at each ot

550、her:here was a perfect opportunity, but first it was necessary to do a little bit of research.We went up to the woman to hear her story. She spoke very little due to her poor health and fear, but we learned enough. She lived alone in her small home. She had no one to look after her and ate whatever

551、people gave her. The desire to help her grew stronger. After speaking to her, we headed back to get something to keep her warm. Finding the perfect sweater, we set out again to see the woman. This time, the fear was replaced by distrust as we presented her with the sweater.“Are you robbers?” she ask

552、ed. “You came here before and are back so suddenly with clothes. ”I was surprised by her principles. Even in her state, she did not want to wear anything that was stolen and gained through ill means.“No, we are out doing service work.” Her shoulders relaxed a bit. I then helped her put the sweater o

553、n and said, “Please don􀆳t sell the sweater. ”“I swear, I won􀆳t, ”she said.A week later, I was out walking with my mother to get some food when I saw the woman again. This time the picture was a little different. She was still begging, but with the gray sweater wrapped around her bo

554、dy and a smile on her face when she saw us. I guarantee that the smile on my face was bigger.1.What can we learn from the first paragraph?A.The writer wanted to learn more about the woman beggar.B.The writer offered help without hesitation.C.The woman wanted to make a fortune by begging.D.The organi

555、zation had too many clothes.2.What do the underlined words “her principles” in the third paragraph refer to?A.She never trusted strangers.B.She never accepted donations from the poor.C.She wouldn􀆳t take advantage of others􀆳 kindness.D.She wouldn􀆳t accept anything gained il

556、legally.3.What contributed to their smiles at last?A.Caution and fear.B.Kindness and trust.C.Doubt and distrust.D.Optimism and generosity.4.What is the best title for the passage?A.We Should Trust BeggarsB.How to Judge a Real BeggarC.Learn Morality from a BeggarD.The Most Wonderful Gift I Gave to a

557、Beggar答案1.A2.D3.B4.CPassage 5(2019吉林长春质检,A)词数:364I􀆳ve been in the taxicab business for thirty-five years, and I know there is a lot about it that is not so good. Taxicab drivers have to be tough fellows to be able to work in New York. You􀆳ve got to fight the New York traffic eight

558、hours a day these days, so people get the wrong impression that they are bad. Actually, taxi drivers are just like other people. Most of them will behave as honest fellows. You read in the papers almost every week that a taxi driver turns in money or jewels that people leave in their cabs. If they w

559、eren􀆳t honest, you wouldn􀆳t be reading those stories in the papers.One time in Brooklyn, I found a diamond ring in my cab. I remembered helping a lady with a lot of packages that day, so I went back to where I had dropped her. It took me almost two days to trace her in order to ret

560、urn her ring to her. I didn􀆳t get as much as “thank you”. Still, I felt good because I had done what was right. I think I felt better than she did.I was born and raised in Ireland and lived there until I was nineteen years old. Then I came to this country where I had a family and bought my

561、own cab. Life hasn􀆳t been so easy at times, but my wife takes care of our money and we have a good bit put away for a rainy day.When I started driving a cab, Park Avenue was mostly a bunch of coal yards. Hoofer􀆳s Brewery was right next to where the Waldorf-Astoria is now. I did pre

562、tty well, even in those days. In all my years of driving a taxicab, I have never had any trouble with the public, not even with drunks.I believe honesty is one of the greatest gifts. I know they call it a lot of fancy names these days, like integrity(正直), etc. But it doesn􀆳t make any differ

563、ence whatever they call it;it􀆳s still what makes a man a good citizen. This is my code, and I try to live by it.1.Why do people think taxicab drivers are bad according to the passage?A.They have been cheated by taxicab drivers before.B.Taxicab drivers are dishonest.C.Most taxicab drivers ar

564、e tough fellows.D.Some taxicab drivers did not return their lost properties.2.How did the author return the diamond ring to the lady?A.By giving her a call and visiting her.B.By sending her a letter asking her to claim the ring in person.C.By advertising in the papers.D.By going back to where she go

565、t off and traced her for almost 2 days.3.The underlined phrase “a rainy day” in Paragraph 4 refers to “”.A.a day when it rainsB.a time when a family has financial problemsC.a day when the author can􀆳t drive a taxiD.a time when the author has trouble with drunks4.How does the author feel as a taxicab driver?A.Proud and satisfied.B.Annoyed and stressful.C.Disappointed and discouraged.D.Unwilling and regretful. 答案1.C2.D3.B4.A