专题十七 概要写作.docx

1、专题十七概要写作【考纲解读】 考点内容考查方式来源:Z#xx#k.Com来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.K来源:学_科_网Z_X_X_K20192019年浙江高考概要写作考次统计来源:1ZXXK来源:Zxxk.Com2019.112019.62019.10概要写作1.对原文主旨及要点的理解和呈现情况2.概括要点时应用语法结构和词汇的准确性3.概要文章上下文的连贯性4.对各要点表达的独立性情况提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要分析解读概要写作也是一种全新的题型。根据高考综合改革试验区英语科考试说明,写作的第二节是读后续写或概要写作。两种形式在不同考次不定期交替

2、使用。近三次的考试中均没有采用概要写作,因此,今后出现概要写作的机会将大大增加。概要写作是综合性的写作考查。要求考生首先对原文章有准确的理解,对原文的结构和要点有准确的把握,然后再用准确、丰富的语言以及高级的语法结构,用合适的连词写出包含所有要点的短文。所以,考生要想做好本题,就必须注意以下几点:(1)准确理解文章。(2)把握文章的各个要点。(3)使用准确的语法结构、丰富的词汇和合适的连词。(4)使用自己的语言表述,不要抄原文中的句子。【命题探究】(考试说明样题)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of m

3、ost people, is a good thing.However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular da

4、nger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning

5、that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit(好处)of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dir

6、t is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea:clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to s

7、hine. Has the hate for dirt,however, gone too far?命题解读1.概要写作的命题选材以说明文和议论文为主。考试说明所给的样题即是一篇科普知识类的文章。2.文章结构清楚,文字比较书面化,句子结构较复杂。文章约300词。难度较大,其难度高于阅读理解的文章。文章第一段就点出主题,即人们对污物的态度并不一致。第二段讲述在16世纪初的时候,人们认为皮肤上的污垢对健康有好处,为此人们连澡都不洗。第三段讲从18世纪开始,科学证明清除身体上的污垢对健康有好处。最后一段讲一个免疫学家鼓励孩子们在尘土中玩耍以增强免疫系统。文章共有4段,各段的主旨非常清楚。这样的文章,

8、概括出要点还是很容易的。考试说明所给的范文正是从这几个方面进行概括的。3.文章的段落一般不会有明确的主题句,需要考生去归纳。思路点拨1.读懂原文是关键。在写概要之前,一定要对文章认真阅读,确保理解文章的主旨、文章的结构、各段的段意。在阅读文章的时候,要善于发现核心词和高频词。这些词汇是概要写作的基础和核心。Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be res

9、ponsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter(后者) position is gaining some ground.考试说明范文People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. (要点1) For a lon

10、g time in history, people of some European countries, such as France,believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. (要点2 ) However,people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. (要点3) However, some

11、scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system. (要点4)2.以自然段为概括的基础。以自然段为基础概括会帮助我们不遗漏信息,也能帮助判断主要信息。当然,以自然段为基础概括并不是说一个自然段一定是一个要点。有时几个自然段说明一个要点。有时也有一个自然段包含数个要点。3.细节信息不需要过于详细。细节性的信息如列举数字,举例,过渡句等信息不必一一列出。4.核心词不必替换。核心词是文章的心脏,一般不宜换成其他词。5.使用正确的时态。概要写作的体裁一般是说明文和议论文,因此一般的概括都要用一般时或完成时,

12、或将来时。慎用过去时。6.写作时句式的多样化。概要写作书面化程度比较高,因此可以酌情选择使用从句、非谓语等结构,但句子结构不可过长,也不要使用太过复杂的句子结构。7.扩充词汇量。尤其要注意积累同根词的不同形式。用不同词性的同根词替代原词是概要写作的重要手段。8.使用多种句式转换。如:主动被动的互换,反向转换(主语和宾语互换),从句和非谓语动词的转换等。【三年模拟】模拟题组Writing 1 (2019宁波十校一模)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。A typical lion tamer (驯兽师) in people􀆳s mind is an entert

13、ainer holding a whip (鞭子)and a chair.The whip gets all of the attention, but it􀆳s mostly for show.In reality, it􀆳s the chair that does the important work.When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion􀆳s face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at t

14、he same time.With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you hav

15、e something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more)only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve t

16、heir lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.The end result is that we feel like we can􀆳t focus or that we􀆳re focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving. It doesn􀆳t have to

17、 be that way.Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this:All you need to do is focus on one thing.You just need to get started.Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people.If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, so

18、meone you want to become.take immediate action.If you􀆳re clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.答案【写作提示】1.本文是一篇议论文,如果有太多的目标,我们就会迷茫,反而不知所措。因此,正确的做法是集中注意力于我们真正的目标。2.文章四段,每段一个要点。这是概要写作的一般原则。3.文章第一段比较难懂。一定要认真阅读。【参考范文】What rea

19、lly matters in a lion taming is the chair, which confuses the lion by the four legs. (要点1) So do people in the face of too many options.(要点2) We are always prevented from making progress because we can􀆳t make sound choices before the conflicting information. (要点3) So if you want to be succe

20、ssful, focus on one thing and get started quickly.(要点4)Writing 2 (2019绍兴考前适应性联考)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。China􀆳s bike-sharing has exploded from nothing about a year ago into a transport phenomenon in major cities. Just by scanning the QR code(二维码)that appears behind the seat, one can unloc

21、k a shared bicycle. Once the service has finished, the user blocks the bike and the total is charged to his mobile account. The process lasts less than 30 seconds and costs no more than one penny. By the way, there are still no fixed places to find or leave a bike, although areas such as university

22、campus, and metro or bus station are preferred.Many young people believe shared bicycles have many advantages. They are not expensive to rent, they do not have to be protected from thieves, and there is no need to repair them. You just have to change them for another one. They are also environment f

23、riendly and lower the use of cars, which also helps to relieve traffic. In fact, it is considered an awesome combination of technology and tradition.Since they appeared, shared bicycles have raised a lot of dust. There is no doubt about the benefits but the disadvantages cannot be ignored. Many prob

24、lems related to shared bicycles have emerged. It is not only due to bad behavior from some users who always want to seize the bicycles, but also because of the mess that has been created since one can leave the bicycle anywhere, which is against public urban order management. There are so many poorl

25、y parked bikes that sometimes they end up blocking streets.In Xi Luoyuan, Beijing, the“Civilized Use of Bicycles”campaign has been launched. In addition to having 40 officially permitted stops, there are also clear signals to lead users to these stops. A team of supervisors keep order in the area. T

26、his is the first area that is part of an official system to manage bicycles. The purpose of this campaign is to solve the mess that the popularity of shared bicycles is causing in Beijing, both with the participation of companies and the users. If the pilot plan works out well in Xi Luoyuan, it will

27、 be extended to all of the cities in China.答案【写作提示】 本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了共享自行车的优劣,并提供了北京解决共享自行车的措施,希望能提供一些有益的经验。文章结构清楚。以自然段为基础概括要点。【参考范文】China􀆳s shared bicycles are gaining popularity with the public as a cheap and convenient transport option. (要点1) The advantages of it also include providing peop

28、le an environment friendly life by relieving traffic and reducing pollution. (要点2) However, the bad behavior of some users and the mess they cause also lead to some problems. (要点3) Beijing has launched a campaign to regulate bike-parking, which will hopefully set a good example to the rest of China.

29、 (要点4)Writing 3 (2019宁波选考联盟12校考前模拟)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Advertising plays a major role in the competitive business world. Many industries take advantage of the power of advertising to attract or to win customers away from their business competitors. The influence of advertising is so huge that

30、it causes many people to buy things that they don􀆳t want at the start.Advertising encourages people to buy things they don􀆳t want through misleading ideas. Advertising is proven to be a successful tool to stress the features of their product to the public even though it􀆳s

31、regarded undesirable such as cigarettes, drugs, alcohol and so on. For example, Dunhill, a cigarette company which sponsors many football teams, seems to be promoting cigarettes to the public. Without the sponsorship, the company will be less known to the public, resulting in fewer sales of cigarett

32、es.Besides that, advertising has a large influence on the decisions made by the people in their everyday life. Many businesses use advertising as a form of promoting to create awareness about their product in the market. For instance, in a fast food industry, the introduction of a new flavor of burg

33、er needs advertising to reach the public while the other burgers require advertising to increase sales. Children, especially, are easily influenced by advertisements and will have the desire to dine at fast food restaurants after that. Although fast food is bad for health, it has successfully become

34、 appealing to the public through advertising.However, advertising plays a part in helping customers to compare a product in terms of price, quality, reliability and so on. Without advertising, it will be very difficult for customers to judge the worthiness of a product. For example, advertisements p

35、ublished by various companies have given the customers the opportunity to choose wisely when purchasing an item. Without the power of advertising, customers will be stuck to a brand which may not offer the best choice.答案【写作提示】本文论述了广告在我们生活中的优点和不足。以段落概括要点,注意抓住要点,一些细节的举例可以省略。【参考范文】Advertising contribut

36、es a lot to a company in the competitive business world. (要点1) It persuades people into buying things they don􀆳t really need with the method of over stressing the features of their products. (要点2) By raising the awareness of the products, it has remarkable effects on people􀆳s decis

37、ions. (要点3) Nevertheless, it provides people with necessary information about the products, allowing people to compare them and make a better choice. (要点4)Writing 4 (2019台州一模)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。The power of color has been used for centuries and we should be making the most of it in our lives

38、today. It is used increasingly by psychologists and therapists (治疗师) for influencing mood and state of mind, and for various types of medical treatments when we are ill. Some people even believe that the blind can benefit from the“vibrations (震动)”that color gives off.Companies use color to encourage

39、 us to buy their products. For example,purple is seen as creative and mixes well with red, to show that a company has ideas and the power to make them happen. Orange and blue are also recommended colors for companies to use, because orange is the color of communication and blue suggests safety and s

40、ecurity. Companies have found that certain colors “speak” to specific age groups. They often use red to attract younger people,for example,as it is vibrant and more youthful than colors like gold and navy, which older customers seem to prefer.Wearing different colors can affect how you feel and how

41、others react to you, so it is important to consider this when deciding what to wear in the morning. If you want people to take you seriously, then wearing navy blue or black is good. Blue would also be helpful for an interview or oral examination because it relaxes you and makes you feel calm. Red g

42、ets you noticed by everyone and makes you, the wearer, feel energetic, but be careful as it can raise your pulse rate and not everyone wants this effect. So think carefully before you leave the house or visit a friend with a gift. The colors you choose are a powerful tool. Are you making the right i

43、mpression on yourself and on others?答案【写作提示】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了颜色在心理和身体上对我们的影响。文章结构清楚。以段落概括要点即可。【参考范文】Colors affect us greatly both mentally and physically.(要点1)Companies employ colors to promote sales, by making the best of the image it conveys and age groups it attracts.(要点2) Colors of clothes can affe

44、ct feelings and others􀆳 reaction to us, so deciding what to wear matters a lot in making the right impression. (要点3) Writing 5(2019浙江9+1联盟高三期中)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。TAKING a shower is relaxing. You can hum a song,daydream or think about nothing, leaving the real world behind you. But di

45、d you know that showering can also benefit your mind?A piece of research by Scott Barry Kaufman,a psychologist from Yale University in the US interviewed over 3,000 people around the world. It turned out that nearly two-thirds of the interviewees said they had experienced new ideas in the shower and

46、 were more likely to have them in the shower than at work.So why does a simple shower have such magic power?Science can explain it.Showering can help to raise our level of dopamine(多巴胺),a hormone(荷尔蒙)closely related to our creativity.“People vary in terms of their level of creativity according to th

47、e activity of dopamine,”explained Alice Flaherty,a famous American neuroscientist(神经系统科学家).“Taking a warm shower can make us feel relaxed and therefore make the dopamine level rise and bring the Aha!moment to us.”Besides the chemical changes,showering may give you a break from what you feel you have

48、 been stuck with. Especially when you have thought hard all day about a problem,jumping into the shower can keep you from the outside world so that you can focus on your inner feelings and memories.In this way,according to American psychologist Shelley H.Carson,author of Your Creative Brain,“a showe

49、ring hour may turn into an incubation(孵化)period for your ideas”.Compared with sitting in front of a computer,taking a shower is something we do less frequently in our daily lives.When showering,we get a fresh experience with the change of location,temperature and humidity.“New and unexpected experie

50、nces can lead to positive changes in thinking,”explained Kaufman.“Getting off the couch and jumping in the shower may create a distance and force you to think from a new point of view.”Showering allows us to enjoy the creative juices of our minds,which makes the bathroom an alternative where you get

51、 your inspiration.So next time you consider ways to free your mind,count it in.答案【写作提示】这是一篇科普文章,文章认为淋浴会增加一个人的创造力,并给出了很多调查的实证资料。文章信息比较多,有很多背景信息和分支补充信息,而且自然段落也比较多。因此阅读时一定要仔细,理出其中的关键信息。【参考范文】Showering is of great benefit to our mind.(要点1) It is found that relaxation in the shower helps raise the level

52、of dopamine and bring new ideas. (要点2) Showering can also provide a new, unexpected and fresh experience that can make it possible to stop thinking about what we are stuck with, resulting in positive changes in thinking. (要点3) So if you want to have a change and make new ideas, go for a shower. (要点4

53、) Writing 6(2019浙江杭州四校高三期中)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Throughout history, music spread among people of different cultures. In today􀆳s technological advanced society, however, people spread music online, sometimes without an artist􀆳s permission. This can lead to many problems, and mu

54、sic companies are now dealing with this practice. Sharing music online without permission is theft(盗窃).Sharing music online prevents recording companies from making money from their efforts. They say that sharing music online has resulted in a huge drop in profits and sales over the past 10 years. P

55、eople who find music for free online are not paying for CDs or every MP3 downloaded. To truly understand the influence of music piracy(盗版) on creators, one must understand how many people are involved in the recording process. For the sale of each album, profits must be shared among musicians, sound

56、 engineers, music producers, managers, advertisers, and the company selling the product. Many people believe sharing music only affects the recording artist, but the reality is that sharing hurts business of all the companies involved.There are many people who don􀆳t see the harm in sharing

57、music online and even think they have the right to do it. One online blogger states that he originally paid for an entire CD and that he should be able to do with the material whatever he wants. While he may have legally paid for the music, he does not have the right to provide permission, which mea

58、ns people like the blogger are thieves.Although we don􀆳t spread today􀆳s music the same way we did before, there􀆳s no doubt that people around the world love to share music. However, internet piracy would prevent musicians from continuing producing albums for fear of theft.

59、 Therefore, if people want to continue listening to their favorite artists, they need to buy their music so that artists will make enough profit to continue their music careers.答案【写作提示】这是一篇议论文。文章论述目前音乐版权问题的严重性,并指出不保护音乐版权的危害。文章结构清楚,写作时可以根据自然段的段意概括要点。注意句子的多样性和句子之间的连贯性。【参考范文】In today􀆳s society

60、, it is theft to share music online. (要点1) It hurts all relevant companies and people involved in the recording process. (要点2) However, many people take no notice of the harm and even think sharing music online is their right, not knowing most music is copyrighted. (要点3)If we want the musicians to c

61、ontinue producing albums for us to appreciate, we need to protect musicians􀆳 copyright. (要点4)Writing 7(2019浙江金丽衢十二校第一次联考)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Most students experience a lot of stress while preparing for exams,as both their parents and teachers expect them to get high scores.Students wh

62、o feel anxious are likely to experience problems like difficulty in concentrating while studying, confusion,feeling stressed while looking at difficult questions,feeling blank,sweating,sleepless,etc.Under such circumstances they end up scoring less than they could have.Therefore,it􀆳s extrem

63、ely important for students to learn about how to overcome fear,so that they can take their examination confidently,finally earning good grades.Here are a few tips on ways to overcome exam fear.There are many students who take studies lightly,leaving everything to be studied at the last minute.As a r

64、esult,when exams are around the corner,they feel scared,as they don􀆳t know where to start,and what to study.So the easiest way of overcoming this problem is to start studying much before the exam.Another common mistake that many students make is that they don􀆳t make an effort to un

65、derstand the subject.When they have memorized things without understanding them,the chances of forgetting are more.Therefore,it is vital to understand the concept before memorizing it.In this way,you will never forget any important point.Besides,that the exams are coming does not mean that you have

66、to sit with your books for the entire day,and students should take regular breaks to relax and refresh their mind.However,they should avoid watching too much TV and addicting themselves to the Internet,in which way,they are more likely to waste time.Apart from the tips above,here are some points tha

67、t will help students cope with exam-related anxiety.For example,before the exam, avoid studying anything new or having conversations with your classmates about what they have studied and how much they have studied,both of which will make you more nervous.During the exam,if you get blank after seeing

68、 difficult questions,ignore them for the time being,and deal with those you find easier.Once you have completed them,go back to the difficult ones.答案【写作提示】本文指出了学生考前压力产生的原因以及克服的办法。文章包含的信息较多,概括时一定要理清重点信息,把握要点,不要被分支信息分散了注意力。本文的要点信息较多,写概要时要尽量包括进去,不要漏掉信息。【参考范文】Most students will experience stress during

69、examination periods. (要点1)To overcome it, students should make a good preparation ahead of time. (要点2) Besides, understanding what you are learning instead of just memorizing it matters greatly. (要点3) Learning to relax properly before exams is of benefit.(要点4) It is wise not to learn anything new or

70、 talk with classmates about what they have studied or how much they have studied. (要点5)Clever methods during the exams,such as completing easy questions first, also count in dealing with anxieties. (要点6) Writing 8(2019浙江名校联盟10月月考)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。So far 106 species of lemurs(狐猴)have been id

71、entified and nearly all of them are judged to be at risk of extinction,many of them critically endangered.The habitats they depend onmostly forestonly exist in Madagascar.“Just as fish cannot survive without water,lemurs cannot survive without forest.But less than ten percent of the original Madagas

72、car forest is left,”said Professor Jonah Ratsimbazafy,director of GERP,a center for primate research in Madagascar.“I believe that within the next 25 years,if the speed of the deforestation(滥伐森林)remained the same,there would be no forest left.And that means no lemurs left on this island.”The pressur

73、e to clear the forests comes from a rapidly growing but extremely poor population seeking to open up new farmland.A form of slash-and-burn agriculture sees trees cut down and bushes burnt to make way for fields of rice and other crops.The only long-term solution,according to Professor Ratsimbazafy,i

74、s to engage communities and persuade them that the forests and the lemurs have a value that is worth safeguarding.In one protected area,GERP is hiring local people to watch over the forest,making the point that the lemurs can be worth more alive than dead.It is also supporting new ways of living in

75、the local village including fish-farming and bee-keeping,and teaching new techniques for rice-growing that do not require constant expansion into the forest.But there is an additional threat to the lemursa continuing demand for bush meat(野味).Although it is illegal to kill lemurs,poachers(偷猎者)are sti

76、ll setting traps for the animals or shooting them,either for their own consumption or to sell them to others.答案【写作提示】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了狐猴面临灭绝的严峻形势,并指出了解决这个问题的方式。文章结构清楚,信息量比较大,有很多分支信息和背景信息。要认真阅读,斟酌比较要点信息。【参考范文】Lemurs face extinction as their habitats in Madagascar are disappearing. (要点1) This is because

77、of people􀆳s deforestation to cultivate new farmland. (要点2) The only long-term solution is to get local people involved in protecting the forest and lemurs and developing new ways of living without damaging the forest. (要点3) However, the illegal hunting of lemurs is still a problem to be sol

78、ved. (要点4)Writing 9(2019浙江杭州11月月考)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Hugging(拥抱) is an extremely positive form of communication. It expresses the values of love, approval(认可), gratitude(感激) and forgiveness. Research shows that hugs have more positive effects on children and adults than just some encouraging

79、words and a smiling face. Giving our child a hug on various occasions can make a world of difference in our young learner􀆳s lives.On the first day of school, giving a hug combined with a few calming breaths just might help your little learner overcome “The First Day Fears”. By the way givin

80、g hugs for the first full week wouldn􀆳t hurt either. Hugs are relatively inexpensive and apparently very healthy.It􀆳s the day of the class play and your kid is not so confident about saying a few words as a wild turkey in front of an audience. Giving a hug combined with a few encou

81、raging words just might help them feel more confident.Usually, bedtime is the most frightening time of the day for most kids,who feel very stressed and may stay up. Giving a tight hug combined with reading their favorite story or singing their favorite song may help them have a good sleep.Besides, a

82、ccording to Intelligence Quotient(智商)Development in Children on eH, “A caring yet inspiring environment is always helpful in promoting a child􀆳s language skills. Make sure your child gets plenty of hugs and kisses and hears positive and encouraging words from you.”Sometimes we get caught up

83、 in teaching, parenting, providing, and protecting our children,so we forget to hug them. If there􀆳s one thing your child or student may need from you to help adapt their behavior or improve their IQ, it may just be something as simple as a hug.A positive hug could change the course of the

84、day for you both when you least expect it. So remember to hug your children often and put emotion behind it and really mean it!答案【写作提示】文章呼吁人们多给予孩子拥抱。作者认为,给孩子拥抱有很多方面的好处,同时对父母也颇有益处。文章有多个自然段,但是有些自然段是并列信息,可以合并到一个要点里面。【参考范文】Hugging, which is a positive form of communication, makes the children􀆳s

85、 world different in many aspects. (要点1) It can help children overcome fears, build confidence, relieve stress and improve children􀆳s language skills and IQ positively. (要点2)A positive hug can be beneficial to both the giver and the receiver. (要点3)So remember to always give your children a h

86、ug with faithful emotion. (要点4)Writing 10(2019浙江台州高三期末)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Colleges are attaching too much importance to tests. Students who receive higher scores on the SAT and the ACT are considered to be more intelligent and as a result they are usually admitted to better schools.However, t

87、hese tests don􀆳t necessarily ensure one􀆳s future success in life. To become better test-takers than others, some students would like to make more preparations. Several SAT and ACT classes are offered by various companies and individual tutors, giving rich students a better chance t

88、o improve their scores. Some students even take medicine before tests. Although it is not proved that taking these drugs will increase a student􀆳s score, the nature of the drug is to increase alertness, concentration, and mental processing speed.In addition, these tests can􀆳t show

89、the skills and characters that are a key part to success.According to Bob Schaeffer of the National Center for Fair and Open Testing, creativity, perseverance and self-discipline(自律)are a few basic qualities that are useful in the world that aren􀆳t measured by these tests. A high test score

90、 tells you nothing about how a student will handle the future life or how well they will adapt to their surroundings.What colleges can do is weigh the students􀆳 academic track,such as what classes they took and how difficult they were, or what extra curricular activities the students were i

91、nvolved in. These things don􀆳t necessarily predict what the students will do in college, but if the admissions would pay more attention to four years of hard work,they might get a more successful and well-rounded group of graduates.答案【写作提示】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了大学只重视学生的考试分数的种种弊端。写作的关键在于能够看懂各段的主旨。【参

92、考范文】Colleges are too dependent on tests in admitting their new students. (要点1) Nevertheless, these tests, in which students can get high scores by taking extra classes or medicines, cannot guarantee them a rosy future. (要点2) Besides, these tests are not able to give an accurate picture of students􀆳 full potential. (要点3) Therefore, to make sure they can get all-round top graduates, colleges should take their students􀆳 academic track into consideration. ( 要点4)