专题四 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致（全国卷）-最新历年高考英语真题分类汇编与考势分析.docx

1、专题四 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致一、考纲解读高考考纲近4年考情命题规律命题趋势时态：1. 一般现在时2. 一般过去时3. 一般将来时4. 现在进行时5. 过去进行时6. 过去将来时7. 将来进行时8. 现完成时9. 过去完成时10. 现在完成进行时语态：被动语态主谓一致1. 2020（时态、被动语态、主谓一致）2. 2019（时态、主谓一致）3. 2018（时态、主谓一致）4. 2017（时态、主谓一致、被动语态、）重点考查对时态的选择，一般都有明确的时间状语或上下文的语境提示。主语和谓语动词逻辑关系也是一个考查重点。一般过去时、一般现在时、现在完成时和过去完成时是重点考查的时态和语态；主谓

2、一致原则的基本应用也是考查重点。二、全国卷四年真题汇编一1. 单句语法填空1. (2021全国甲卷)It _ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).2. (2021全国甲卷)We _ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.3. (2021全国新高考I卷)You cant help wondering how hard it _(be) for the peo

3、ple then to put all those rocks into place.4. (2020全国I)The unmanned Change-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess _ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.5. (2020全国I) “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, s

4、ays, “because it _ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed”6. (2020全国I) “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _(construct)”7. (202

5、0全国II)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 3 (carry) special significance.8. (2020全国)The artist was sure he would4(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old nan laughed.9. (2020全国)They smiled and 7 (point) down the river.10. (2019全国I)In

6、recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut _(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements11. (2019全国I)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.12. (2019全国II)Picking up her “Lifetime Achie

7、vement” award, proud Irene _(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.13. (2019全国II)I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _(make) over the years.14. (2019全国)Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _(recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and

8、 visit.15. (2019全国)On the last day of our week-long stay, we _(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.16. (2018全国I)While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it _(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling

9、 or swimming.17. (2018全国II)Since 2011, the country _(grow) more corn than rice.18. (2018全国II)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 when the government _(start) a soil-testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7

10、.7 million tons.19. (2017全国)Fast food _(be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.20. (2017全国)When fat and salt _(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.21. (2017全国)Steam engines _(use) to pull the carr

11、iages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.22. (2017全国)Sarah _(tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year.23. (2017全国)But at the moment, school _(come) first.【答案】1. was built2. hired3. was4. touched5.

12、means6. is constructed7. carries8. be chosen9. pointed10. have reported11. are12. declared13. have made14. recommended15. were invited16. is17. has grown18. started19. is20. are removed21. were used22. was told23. comes【解析】【分析】【详解】1. 考查被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被

13、动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。2. 考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。3. 考查一般过去时。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“how hard it_(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作

14、wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was。4. 考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week，可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。5. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语

15、是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。6. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文，可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。7. 考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。8. 考查动词语态。句意

16、：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。9. 考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。10. 考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。11. 考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，要用复数谓语，时态为

17、一般现在时，故填are。12. 考查时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had以及said可知，用一般过去时态，故填declared。13. 考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。14. 考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommeded。15. 考查一般过去时的

18、被动语态。句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。16. 考查时态。根据the review says可知，此处表示陈述一般事实情况，故使用一般现在时态，填is。17. 考查时态。根据Since 2011，表示“自从2011年以来”，强调动作开始在过去，但是对现在有所影响，故使用现在完成时，即has grown。18. 考查时态。根据时间状语2005可知，强调发生在过去的动作，使用一般过去时，故填started。19. 考查时态。题干描

19、述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填is。20. 考查时态和语态。根据主句中谓语动词tastes可知，此处用一般现在时，而且fat and salt和remove之间是被动关系，故填are removed。21. 考查时态和语态。根据后面must have been可知，是表示一般过去的情况，而且steam engines和use是被动关系，故填were used。22. 考查时态和语态。根据宾语从句she could be可知，此处是过去发生的动作，而且Sarah和tell是被动关系，故填was told。23. 考查主谓一致。根据时间状语at the moment可知，

20、表示现在的情况，school作为主语，应该使用第三人称单数，故填comes。二2. 下列各句中均有一处错误，指出并改正。1. (2021全国甲卷)One of the questions are: Who will you go to in times of trouble?2. (2021全国甲卷)They kept very much to themselves.3. (2021全国乙卷)I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whenever necessary.4. (2021全国乙卷)Fir

21、stly, doing housework was helpful for us to be a responsible person.5. (2021全国乙卷)Also, it gives our parents more time to do what they are like and it improves the family relationship.6. (2021全国乙卷)And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!7. (2020全国II)Actually, I start to learn kung fu wh

22、en I was seven years old.8. (2020全国)For example, every morning, my dad has to have a bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple. 9. (2020全国)My dad dont like the soup and I dont enjoy apples.10. (2019全国)Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts.11. (2018全国I)During my last

23、winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.12. (2018全国II)I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.13. (2017全国I)Once I started the car, my mind goes blank.14. (2017全国)When summer came, they will invite their

24、 students to pick the vegetables！15. (2017全国)About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club.【答案】1. areis2. keptkeep3. tidyingtidy4. wasis5. 删去are6. hopeshope7. startstarted8. hadhave9. dontdoesnt10. requiredrequires

25、11. findfound12. arewere13. goeswent14. camecomes15. tooktaken【解析】【分析】【详解】1. 考查主谓一致。句意：其中的一个问题是：你遇到麻烦时会去找谁？one of the +名词复数，意为“之一”，为单数含义，所以其后的系动词应用单数。结合句意，此处指问卷调查中的一个问题，所以为客观事实，时态用一般现在时。故are改为is。2. 考查时态。句意：他们很自闭。结合前文可知，文章的时态用一般现在时。所以此处的kept改为keep。故kept改为keep。3. 考查动词。句意：我也给院子里的花浇水，必要时打扫我自己的卧室。分析句子结构以

26、及并列连词and可知，此处tidy up是并列谓语。根据上文的“water the flowers”可知，句子要使用一般现在时。主语第一人称I，谓语动词用原型。故将tidying改为tidy。4. 考查时态。句意：首先，做家务有助于我们成为一个负责任的人。根据全文时态可知，本文陈述客观事实需要用一般现在时。主语doing housework为单数，谓语也用单数。故将was改为is。5. 考查动词。句意：同时，这也给了我们的父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情，改善了家庭关系。根据句意可知，此处表达“去做他们喜欢的事情”，动词like译为“喜欢”满足句意；所以动词like前的系动词are多余。故删去

27、are。6. 考查祈使句。句意：希望这能激发更多关于这个话题的思考！分析句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，所以动词hope需要用动词原形。故将hopes改为hope。7. 考查时态。句意：事实上，我七岁时就开始学功夫了。分析句子，此处动词start讲述的是7岁的时候，动词应该用过去时。故将start改为started。8. 考查时态。根据时间状语every morning，可知这里表示经常或反复发生的事情，用一般现在时，主语为I，谓语动词要用原形。所以had改成have。9. 考查主谓一致。句意：我爸爸不喜欢汤，我也不喜欢苹果。表示经常或反复发生的事情，用一般现在时。主语my dad是第三人称单数，

28、谓语动词用单数，所以dont改成doesnt。10. 考查动词的时态。根据从句用现在时，推断主句也用现在时，故把required改为requires。11. 考查时态。根据时间状语During my last winter holiday可知，时态是一般过去时，I find 属于时态错误。故把find改为found。12. 考查时态。根据主句中I didnt realize可知，是一般过去时，故宾语从句也应该使用过去时，故把are改为were。13. 考查时态。句意：我一发动车子，脑子一片空白。根据Once I started the car可知，动作发生在过去，故goes改为went。14. 考查时态。根据主句they will invite可知，时间状语从句要使用一般现在时，符合主将从现的规则，故把came改为comes。15. 考查被动语态。这里表达“在这张照片被照一个月以后”，took是take的过去式，被动语态要使用过去分词而非过去式，故把took改为taken。