中考 冲刺阅读理解学案（无答案）.docx

1、中考 冲刺 阅读理解一、引入环节阅读理解题的特点 1.主要考查学生根据所提供的材料综合运用所学的语言知识，从中获取文字信息的能力。它是一种综合性很强的题型，重点考查学生的词汇量、语法运用、阅读速度、理解能力、逻辑思维及推理能力、归纳总结及判断能力、对各国文化背景的了解程度等。 2. 它考查范围广，其难度较高，是全面评估学生英语水平的重要测试题型。在平时训练及各种测试中都占重要地位，尤其是近年来各省市中考题均将其分值比重提升，约占30%甚至更多，成为主要的拉分题型。 阅读理解题的主要题型 1. 细节理解题 2. 主旨大意题 3. 猜测词义题 4. 排序题 5. 区分原因和结果题 6. 推论题 学

2、习目标：掌握阅读理解题目中细节理解题和主旨大意题的做题方法，并能够运用到做题环节中。二、知识讲解什么是细节理解题？ 细节理解题就是指那些针对文章细节描写或与文章主旨大意、情节发展相关的事实所设置的问题。这类题主要测试学生获取信息及对文章提供信息的理解能力。 细节题最常见的提问方式1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?4. Accor

3、ding to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the reasons for?5. What/Who/When/Where/How/How many?6. From the passage we know that_.7. In the passage, the writer states that_.8. The writer mentions all of the items listed below EXCEPT _.细节题的解题技巧细节题的提问顺序一般和文章的结构一致，文章中先出现的先提问，

4、后出现的后提问。掌握这一原则，考生就能迅速在文章中找到相关信息。 做这类题的一般方法是先找出题干或是选项中的关键字，一般为数字、大写或人名、地名，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧在文中迅速寻找和这一细节相关的信息。找到“信息源”后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。中考例题1. Alan worked in an office in the city. He worked very hard and really looked forward to his holiday. He usually went to the

5、seaside, but one year he saw an ad in a newspaper “enjoy country life. Spend a few weeks at William Farm. Good food, fresh air, horse riding, walking, fishing”(2019年广西卷A篇)46. Alan saw_in a newspaper.A. an ad B. a letter C. a story D. a report 2. The population of Hong Kong is more than six million.

6、Chinese and English are spoken by many people there. Clothes, computers, radios, televisions are made in Hong Kong. It is a shopping center. You can buy all kinds of things there. (2019年清远卷A篇)53. How many products of Hong Kong are mentioned in this passage?A. 7 B. 6 C. 5 D. 4 3. When my son, Mark, w

7、as in the third grade, he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents. The third Saturday in December Mark said he had made his list and had twenty dollars in his pocket. I drove him to a nearby supermarket. Mark picked up a hand basket and went in while I waited and wat

8、ched in the car. It took Mark over 45minutes to choose his present. Finally he came to the checkout counter and reached into his pocket for his money. It was not there. There was a hole in his pocket, but no money. Mark stood there holding his basket, tears falling down his face.46. When did the sto

9、ry probably happen?A. On Christmas Day. B. Before Christmas Day.C. On New Years Day. D. After New Years Day.47. When they got to the supermarket, Mark went in_.A. with the writer B. by himselfC. with the woman D. with his friends试一试Ping! is a three-year table tennis project. It has been running sinc

10、e 2019 and this year, 2019, is the final year. The idea is to put free table tennis tables in eight different towns in the UK for four weeks during the summer. Each table comes with its own bats and balls and is free to play. You can find the tables outdoors. 1. When did the Ping! Project start?A. L

11、ast summer B. Last winter. C. In 2019. D. In 2019. 2. Whats the Ping! Project?A. Choosing table tennis stars. B. Holding table tennis matches.C. Teaching people how to play table tennis. D. Putting free tables in some towns.Robots have come a long way since 15th century. Weve got robots to build car

12、s, carry heavy things, work in dangerous places and explore planets. But things havent stopped there. In 1986, Honda made a robot called ASIMO. And now, it has been developed greatly. Standing at 130cm and weighing 54kg, ASIMO is very much like a small astronaut wearing a bag on the back. And he can

13、 walk, fight, climb and run fast. Isnt it wonderful? The worlds first robot teacher is Saya. With her human-like face, she can show expressions like happiness, surprise, sadness, dislike, fear and she can even smile or show anger at students, which look much like a real teachers. To do this, her rub

14、ber skin is pulled from the back with motors inside. And her eyes and mouth have wires too. She can also say some simple words like ”hello” or “thank you”.In the UK, the development of robots is exciting. The mini-robots will send food, clean floors, collect and throw away waste. These robots can op

15、en doors by themselves and stop if anything or anyone is in the way. These mini-robots are very useful for controlling infection(传染). Usually clean and dirty work is done by the same person, but here, youll have robots that do “dirty work”, like collecting dirty sheets, or taking away hospital waste

16、; and youll have robots that do “clean work”, like bringing meals or clean sheets to patients. The robots have separate work so theres no way for infection, which is great. But of course, robots would not take the place of humans, but would free up more time for nurses to be with patients. But if th

17、is is what its like in 2019, whats it going to be like in 2021?44. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Robots have come a long way since 1986.B. The first robot teacher was made by Honda.C. Saya looks like a small astronaut.D. If anyone or anything is in the way, mini-robots w

18、ill stop.什么是主旨大意题？主旨大意题在中考阅读理解题中十分常见，难度比较大的题型，要求学生通读全文，把握中心思想，同时归纳出主旨大意。此类试题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力， 同时也包括分析和归纳文章的段落大意、重要情节、人物特征和环境特点的能力。 主旨大意题最常见的提问方式？一、标题类 主旨大意题 1. The best title for this passage might be _.2. The passage could be entitled _.3. What is the best title for the passage?4. Which of th

19、e following would be suitable as a title for the passage?二、主题类 主旨大意题 1. This passage mainly deals with _.2. What is the topic of the article?3. What is the subject discussed in the text?4. What is the main idea of this passage?5. What does the writer mainly tell us?三、目的类 主旨大意题 1. The passage is mean

20、t to _.2. The purpose of this article is _.主旨大意题的解题技巧1. 做此类题目时，首先要明确是针对某一段还是全文来提问，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的。因此，要在文章的首段或结尾处寻找主题句，尤其要注意首尾呼应的句子，这类句子很有可能是中心句。 2. 概括每段大意，各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。 3. 要避免几种错误：概括不够、过度概括、以事实或细节代替抽象的大意。 Paragraph one:What do you do if youre on a lonely islan

21、d? Surely you need to find a way to leave that place and get in touch with the outside world. It seems that your best chance of doing this is to draw the attention of a passing plane. Topic sentenceParagraph two: Pilots from different countries understand body signals if they have the correct traini

22、ng. When you wave your arms up and down in astraight line, it means “yes”. If you want the pilot to know that its safe to land, push your hands out in front of you and bend(弯曲) your knees.If you want to say that its not safe to land, put your arms in the air and move them to one side. Paragraph thre

23、e: The smoke from a fire can be seen from far away, so its a good way to draw attention. If the weather is dry, it isnt hard to start a fire. Never light a fire unless youre sure that it cant spread. If the ground is dark, light smoke can be seen more easily. Green grass and leaves produce light smo

24、ke. Paragraph four: Its a good idea to build some signals on the ground , too. Use large pieces of wood to make the symbols(标记). If you cant find any wood, use earth. Some useful symbols are: F “I need food and water.” II “I need medicine.” I “I am badly hurt.” X “I am unable to move from here.” 结构如

25、下：What is the main idea of the passage?A. The explanation of building signals on an island. B. The importance of making signals on an island.C. The ways of sending out signals on a lonely island. D. The value of sending out signals on a lonely island. 三、练习环节1. Everyone has got two personalities the

26、one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You dont show your secret personality when youre awake because you can control yourself, but when youre asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. If you go to sleep on your back, If you sleep on your stomach, If you sleep

27、 on curled up, If you sleep on your side, What does the passage tell us?A. Sleeping on your side is the best way of sleeping.B. Changing positions will cause sleeping problems.C. Sleeping positions show peoples secret personalities.D. Enough sleep makes people look better and healthier. 2. Leaving h

28、ome and travelling to study abroad is not always a good experience. Even though you have planned and prepared for it for a long time, you may feel surprised at the differences in culture. No matter where you come from, and in which country you are going to study, the new culture there can be hard to

29、 adjust to and make you feel disappointed. This feeling is called “culture shock”. Here are some of the “shocks” that you may experience. You may find that the climate of the new country is very hard to adjust to. Your country may be much warmer, or you may find that there is too much rain there, an

30、d you hate it. The food may taste strange. It is cooked in a different way, and you dont like it. The language there is also a problem for you. If it is not your first language, you may find that you miss your language used at home, because it is part of your life. Even if the language there is your

31、 first language, you can also have trouble, because the accent in the city you stay in is hard to understand. People may also speak quickly and you may not know what they are saying.What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. How to learn a language in a new country.B. Language is a problem for peopl

32、e studying abroad.C. It is hard to enjoy the food in another country.D. How to get used to the climate in other countries.What does the passage mainly tell us?A. It tells us how to deal with “culture shock” while studying abroad.B. A description of something about the “culture shock” you may experience.C. It tells us the importance of understanding “culture shock”.D. it tells us we should learn the language well before we go abroad. The best title for the passage should be “_”.A. The New CultureB. Study AbroadC. The Culture ShockD. The First Language