中考英语总复习冠词、数词（讲解 练习）.docx

1、冠词和数词中考命题趋势考纲解读(冠词、数词在近5年考试中的考查点)1. 掌握不定冠词a/an和定冠词the的用法。2. 了解不用冠词(又称零冠词)的情况。3. 掌握基数词和序数词的构成及内部转化规律及用法。4. 学会年、月、日、时刻的表达方式，了解小数及分数的表达方法。命题预测1. 冠词、数词的考查方式以单项选择为主，也会在完形填空和短文填空中进行考查。2. 据统计，冠词的考点有：(1)不定冠词的用法，如：2019咸宁，26题；2019龙东，1题。(2)定冠词的用法，如：2019临沂，16题。(3)不用冠词的情况，如：2019长春，2题。3. 数词的考点主要有：(1)序数词的用法，如：2019

2、绥化，8题。(2) hundred，thousand，million与数字或of连用的具体用法。如：2019孝感，28题；2019龙东，3题。4. 预计今后中考中对冠词的考查以不定冠词和定冠词的用法为重点，同时也要注意不用冠词的情况和某些固定搭配；对数词的考查以序数词和hundred，thousand，million的用法为重点，同时也要注意年、月、日等的表达法。冠词知识点全览冠词冠词的分类不定冠词a/an定冠词the不定冠词用法定冠词用法零冠词用法中考考点清单考点1不定冠词(1)用于可数名词的单数形式前，指人或事物的某一种类。She is a girl. (2)指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人

3、或何物。A boy is waiting for you. (3)表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one 强烈。We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow. (4)用于某些固定词组中。如：a few，a little，a lot of【注意】用a 还是an，要看后面的单词的读音以辅音音素开头还是以元音音素开头。考点2定冠词(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物。the photo of the boy(2)指双方都知道的人或物。Where are the new books，Jim?They are on the small desk. (3)指

4、上文提过的人或物。This is a book，and the book is Toms. (4)用在独一无二的事物前。The sun is bigger than the moon. (5)用在序数词或形容词最高级前。The third one is carrying the fewest of all. (6)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。the Great Wall(7)用在一些习惯用语中。in the morning/afternoonon the left/rightat the end of考点3零冠词(1)在专有名词前和不可数名词前。China，Grade Two，Bill S

5、mith，milk(2)名词前已有this，that，my，your，some，any等代词作定语。The letter is in her pocket. (3)复数名词表示一类人或事物时。My father and mother are teachers. (4)在星期、月份、季节、节日前。It is Sunday. (5)在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。Uncle Wang likes repairing things. (6)在三餐和球类运动的名词前。He went to school after breakfast. 【注意】在某些固定词组中的名词前不用冠词，如：at home，by b

6、us，go to school。数词知识点全览数词分类基数词序数词分数、倍数、小数、百分数世纪、年代、年、月、日、时刻等的表达中考考点清单考点1基数词一、构成及读法基数词用来表示数目，或者说表示数量的词叫基数词。最基本的基数词如下表所示：1 one11 eleven100 a hundred2 two12 twelve20 twenty1，000 a thousand3 three13 thirteen30 thirty1，000，000 a million4 four14 fourteen40 forty10，000，000 ten million5 five15 fifteen50 fif

7、ty100，000，000 a hundred million6 six16 sixteen60 sixty1，000，000，000 a billion7 seven17 seventeen70 seventy8 eight18 eighteen80 eighty9 nine19 nineteen90 ninety10 ten【说明】1. 1319由个位数加-teen构成。注意其中13、15的拼写是thirteen和fifteen；18的拼写是eighteen。2. 2090由个位数加-ty构成，注意其中2050的拼写分别是twenty，thirty，forty 和fifty；80的拼写是e

8、ighty。3. 其他非整十的两位数2199是由整十位数加连字符“-”，再加个位数构成。如：81 eighty-one。4. 101999的基数词先写百位数，后加and再写十位数和个位数。如：691 six hundred and ninety-one。5. 1，000以上的基数词先写千位数，后写百位数，再加and，最后写十位数和个位数。如：5，893 five thousand eight hundred and ninety-three。 在基数词中只有表示“百”“千”“百万”“十亿”的单位词，没有单独表示“万”“亿”的单位词，而是用thousand(千)，million(百万)和bill

9、ion(十亿)来表达，其换算关系为：1万=10 thousand；1亿=100 million；10亿=a billion。二、基数词的句法成分及概数用法：1. 基数词在句中的作用基数词的作用相当于名词或形容词，在句中可作定语、主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。作表语：Three and five is eight. 三加五等于八。作宾语：-How many oranges do you want?你要多少橙子？-I want eight. 我要八个。作定语：There are eight boats in the lake. 湖里有八条船。2. hundred，thousand，million，d

10、ozen，score这些词前面如有表示具体数字的词，它们不能加“s”，反之则须加“s”，并要与of短语连用。如：three hundred people 300人，five thousand years 5000年，thousands of people 几千人， hundreds of students 几百学生。考点2序数词构成及用法表示顺序的词，叫序数词。序数词用来表示数词顺序。除特殊情况外，序数词一般都由相应的基数词加-th构成。请见下表：第一到第十第十一到第十九第二十以上firsteleventhtwentiethsecondtwelfththirtieththirdthirteen

11、thfortiethfourthfourteenthfiftiethfifthfifteenthsixtiethsixthsixteenthseventiethseventhseventeentheightietheightheighteenthninetiethninthnineteenthhundredthtenththousandth【说明】1. 英语中表示第一、第二、第三的序数词属特殊形式，要注意它们的拼写。2. 表示“第几十”的序数词通常是将基数词词尾的y变成i再加上-eth。3. 其余的二十以上的两位数序数词是以相应的整十基数词加个位序数词。如：fifty-first(第五十一)。

12、4. 少数序数词拼法不规则，如：fifth(第五)，eighth(第八)，ninth(第九)，twelfth(第十二)等。考点3分数、倍数、小数和百分数的表示方法分数的表示法分数由基数词和序数词构成分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子超过1时，分母用复数：a/one sixth(1/6)，two thirds(2/3)，three fifths(3/5)。【说明】 1. 1/2通常读作 a/one half，一般不读作a second。2. 1/4可读作a/one fourth，也可读作a/one quarter。三、百分数的表示法百分数由基数词(或小数)和百分号(%)组成，百分号(%)读作 pe

13、rcent：fifteen percent(15%)，zero point six percent(0. 6%)考点4时刻、日期、年份等的表示法一、 时刻的表示法(1)若为整点钟，则直接读相应的基数词；若为非整点钟，则分别以“时”和“分”为单位用相应的基数词读出：twelve(12)，eight twenty(8：20)，nine forty-five(9：45)。(2)对于带“分”的时间，也可借助past(过)和to(差)这两个介词来表示(在美式英语中用after表示“过”)。eighteen past/after nine (=nine eighteen) 9：18fourteen to

14、eleven (=ten forty-six) 10:46若“分”为15或45，可借用quarter 一词；若“分”为30，可借用half一词。a quarter past six 6:15； a quarter to nine 8:45； half past ten 10:30.二、 日期的表示法：日期的写法(书面语)和读法(口语)稍有不同，如“十月一日”可以写成October 1，October 1st，等；表示月份的词也可用缩略式，如 Oct. 1，1 Oct. 。但是在口语中通常只有两种读法：October (the) first或the first of October。【说明】日期

15、与星期排列时，通常是星期在前，日期在后：He arrived on Friday，May 10. 他于5月10日(星期五)到达。三、年份的表示法：通常以“百”为单位来读。如1986年通常读作 nineteen (hundred and) eighty-six，而2019年通常读作 two thousand，2019年读作 two thousand and three。若表示某个年代，则按以下的读法：1980s 读作nineteen-eighties(20世纪80年代)中考考点聚焦考点1冠词用法例1（2019达州）Do you like_movie Dan,gal? Yes. Its_educa

16、tional movie.I like it very much. A. the；an B. a；an C. a；the D. the；a解析：句意：“你喜欢电影Dan,gal吗？”“恩。它是一部很有教育意义的影片，我非常喜欢它。”文中“电影Dan,gal”为特指，用the；下一句中“一部有教育意义的影片”为泛指，用a.答案：A例2（2019黄石）On _ Childrens Day, Jack received a prize for being _ honest boy.A. the; an B. /; an C. /; a D. the; a解析：考查冠词的用法。句意：在儿童节那天，Ja

17、ck因为诚实，接受了表扬。以“Day”结尾的节日前不加冠词，故排除AD。根据句意，后面的honest boy是泛指，故用不定冠词，honest以元音开头，所以不定冠词用an，故选B。答案：B考点2数词用法例1 （2019广东）Two months ago, China tested its _ aircraft carrier (航空母舰) built completely on its own.A. one B. first C. the one D. the first解析：句意：“两个月前，中国测试了完全自主研发的第一艘航空母舰”。本题考查序数词的用法。序数词前必须加限定词：形容词性物主

18、代词，冠词等，但是不可重复使用。答案：D例2 （2019吉林）_birds have come back because the environment here becomes better and better. A. Thousands of B. Thousand of C. Thousands解析：句意：由于这里环境变得越来越好，数千只鸟已经回来了。本题考查数词的用法。概数的表达如“几百/千/百万/十亿”用hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of。答案：C中考真题演练考点1冠词1. (2019长春)I enjoy having _ D_break

19、fast with my family at home. It makes me feel relaxed.A. a B. anC. theD. /2. (2019玉林)How often do you play tennis?Twice_ D _week. And I often play it in sports center in our school.A. the; B. a:an C. an； the D. a;the3. (2019宜宾)Every morning he spends A hour doing exercise, then he goes to work.A. an

20、; / , B. a; a C. a; / D. /, the4. (2019咸宁) President Xi Jinping paid important visit to the US in 2019. And he was warmly welcomed by Donald Trump, B 45th American president. A. a; the B. an; the C. the; aD. an; a5. (2019西宁) - Do you like the movie Amazing China? Its _D _ educational movie.- Yes. I

21、like it very much and I am very proud _ our country.A. a; in B. the; in C. a: of D. an; of6. (2019通辽)Tim is _ B _eleven-year-old boy. He likes playing _basketball.A. / ; a B. an ; / C. an ; the D. a ; an 7. (2019天津)There is _A _old piano in _corner of the living room.A. an; the B. an; 不填 C. a; the D

22、. a; a8. (2019随州)May is B fifth month of the year. Its very pleasant month.A. the; the B. the; a C. a; a D. the; /10. (2019上海)Hurry up! The concert will begin in_ A_ minute.A. a B. an C. the D. /11. (2019龙东)Sun Yang is C excellent player, I want to become person like him.A. a; a B. an; the C. an; a

23、D. the, a 12. (2019临沂) The bed piano allows a music lover to play _ D _ piano while he is lying in bed.A. a B. an C. / D. the14. (2019兰州)Dont tell a lie. You are _ B _ honest boy.A. a B. an C. the D. /15. (2019呼和浩特)-There is a chess match between a Korean player and AlphaGo.-It s very amazing. Playi

24、ng C chess is usually one-to-one game.A. the; aB. the; anC. /; aD. /; an16. (2019贺州) Carols uncle has _ B _ egg and some bread for his breakfast every morning.A. a B. an C. the D. /17. (2019菏泽)Red is B color loved by most Chinese people because it is symbol of good luck and joy.A. the； the B. the； a

25、 C. /; a D. a, the18. (2019河南)-Are you going to_D_ football match tonight?-I wish I could, but Im meeting _ VIP from Oklahoma.A an; an B. an; a C. the; an D. the; a19. (2019东营)According to _ C _ rule made in 2019, some kinds of dogs mustnt be kept since May 1st, 2019 in Dongying.A. a B. an C. the D.

26、 /20. (2019达州)-Jim is _ B _ careless boy.-Yeah. You re right. He always drops _ “o” when he writes the word “dangerous”. A. a; the B. a; an C. the; a D. the; an考点2数词1. (2019孝感)The CCTV program The Readers interests D people of all ages.A .thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of2. (2019咸

27、宁) Nowadays China has about 25,000 kilometers of high-speed railways. Thats C of the worlds total.A. two third B. two-third C. two thirds D. two three3. (2019通辽) This is _ B _family photo, I took it on mothers _birthday.A. Mary ; forty B. Marys ; fortieth C. Mary ; fortieth D. Marys ; forties 4. (20

28、19绥化)This is my _ C _day to be here.A. a second B. the second C. second D. two5. (2019龙东)The ice and snow in Harbin is beautiful, so every winter B tourists come here.A. two million of B. millions of C. million of D. millions6(2019连云港)HaveyouheardaboutZhangjiajieGlassFootbridge?Ofcourse,itsbuiltover

29、 a A canyonintheZhangjiajieNationalForestPark.A. 300-meter-deep B300-meters-deep C300meterdeep D300-metersdeep7. (2019黄冈) - Dad, about _ D _ of our classmates wear glasses.- Oh, thats terrible. You all should take good care of your eyes.A. three fourth B. third fourth C. third fourths D. three quart

30、ers8. (2019菏泽)Tibet receives B foreign visitors from January to April each year.A. thousand of B. thousands of C. several thousands9. (2019达州)-Which country do you think will win the first prize of the _FIFA World Cup?-You mean the football match will be held in _ C _?A. twenty-one: Russia B. twenty

31、-first; RussianC. twenty-first; Russia D. twenty-one: Russian10. (2019龙东)_ A _of the students in our class _ going to the summer camp in Beijing next week. A.Two fifths; are B. Second fifths; are C. Two fifths; is11. (2019恩施) Enshi is becoming a popular tourist destination now.I think so. _ A _peopl

32、e come here every summer vacation.A. Hundreds and thousands of B. Hundred and thousand of C.Hundreds and thousands 12. (2019哈尔滨)How do you keep fit?I live on_ C _floor. I walk upstairs instead of taking the lift every day.A. twelve B.the twelve C.the twelfth13. (2019齐齐哈尔)Today is my cousins _ A _bir

33、thday. I am going to his birthday party tonight. A. nineteenth B. the nineteenth C. nineteen 14. (2019滨州)My grangparents live in an old apartment with _ D _floors and they are on the _floor. A. fifth ; three B. fifth; third C. five ; three D. five ; third15. (2019达州)_ C _of the land in that town_covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth； is B.Two fifth； are C.Two fifths； is D.Two fifths； are