主题类阅读 翻译 综合13-上海市南洋模范中学2020-2021学年高一寒假英语作业.docx

1、主题类阅读 + 翻译 + 综合引入：(成语、俗语翻译复习)31. 消息传来说被绑架的七名人质获释, 人们如释重负。（同位语从句）People were relieved to learn the news that the seven kidnapped hostages had been released.32. 他的父母决不会对这种事情听之任之。(have)His parents wont have such a thing happening / going on.33. 既然他不愿意和我们出去购物，就不要强人所难。(Since)Since he is unwilling to join

2、 us in going shopping, we should not force him to.34. 他们胸有成竹地赴国外参加竞赛，最后摘取了桂冠。(in the end)Full of confidence, they went abroad to take part in the competition and in the end took first place.35. 许多洪灾地区的老板说，他们已经黔驴技穷，只得解雇一些工人。(strike)Many bosses in the flood-stricken area said that they had no choice b

3、ut to dismiss some employees.36. 当孩子们向他献花时，他激动得热泪盈眶。(present)When the children presented flowers to him, he was so excited that tears came into his eyes.37. 他的人生经历可以说明他为什么如此乐于助人。(account for)His experiences in his life can account for the reason why he is ready to help others.38. 我们必须牢记“诚实为本”这句名言。(b

4、ear)We must bear in mind the famous saying that honesty is the best policy.39. 在生活中做出重大决定前要三思而后行。(before)Think twice / carefully before you make an important decision in life.40. 像想一夜成名的想法使许多青少年参加各种各样的电视竞赛。(overnight)The idea that a person can become famous overnight makes many young people take par

5、t in various competitions on TV.41. 同学们都很讨厌他，因为他经常对老师阿谀奉承。(lick)The students all dislike him because he often licks the teachers boots.42. 人都是这山望着那山高，对自己的现状没有满意的时候。(satisfy)Almost all people think that the grass is greener on the other hill. They never feel satisfied with what theyve already got.43.

6、 如果你束手无策，就听其自然好了。(leave alone)Youd better leave things alone if you dont know how to deal with them.44. 你相信谚语“滴水穿石”吗？(believe in)Do you believe in the proverb that constant dropping wears the stone?45. 国际贸易的含义就是一个国家与其他国家互通有无。(trade v.)The international trade means a country trades what it has for wh

7、at it lacks with other countries.46. 为了养家糊口，他不顾一切地工作 (desperate) He was desperate for work in order to support his family.47. 根据法律规定，我们要求同工同酬是合理的。(equal)According to the law, it is reasonable for us to demand equal pay for equal work.48. Tom 在告别会上自告奋勇弹钢琴为我伴奏。(accompany)At the farewell party, Tom vol

8、unteered to accompany me on the piano.49. 他不属于任何党派，因此显得在此有点格格不入。(belong)He doesnt belong to any party, and thus he seems not to belong here.50. 她因才貌双全受到广泛尊敬。(respect)She gains / wins broad respect because of her good brains and beauty.51. 要跟上他的同学有困难。但他相信“守得云开见月明”这一说法。 (keep up with)He has difficulty

9、 in keeping up with his fellow students. But he believes in the saying “Every cloud has a silver lining.”52. 自我反省可使我们有自知之明。(lead to)Self-reflection may lead us to have a knowledge of ourselves.53. 有时候父母会对孩子的合理要求置之不理。(notice)Sometimes parents tend to take no notice of their children reasonable reques

10、ts.54. 应教会孩子自力更生。(own)Kids should be taught to make a living on their own.55. 我能安然无恙地回家，多亏了你。(owe)I owe it to you that I can come home, safe and sound.56. 他因为受贿入狱了，母亲教育我人应该知足常乐。(bribe)He was put into prison because of taking a bribe, so my mother told me “Content is happiness”.57. 中国女排在本次奥运会上成功卫冕。(s

11、ucceed)The Chinese women volleyball team succeeded in winning the championship again in this Olympics.58. Tom 在是否要出国深造的问题上举棋不定。(hesitate) Tom hesitated whether to go abroad for further study.59. 解放军战士和灾区人民在抗震战斗中同甘共苦。(share)The PLA men shared joys and sorrows with earthquake victims in the fight agai

12、nst the earthquake.60. 直到那时我才理解了开卷有益的含义。(benefit) Not until then did I understand reading benefits a lot.互动精讲：（改编自金融时报）Liu wins role of a lifetimeHua Mulan is the legendary female warrior character depicted in the catchy Ballad of Mulan, written in the Northern Dynasty (386-581). _1_ Mulan isnt typi

13、cal of most young women of her time. In fact, shes so athletic and courageo us that she disguises _2_ as a man to take her sick fathers place in the army.Her story _3_ (bring) to the big screen numerous times. And on Nov 30, Disney announced that Chinese actress Liu Yifei _4_ play the leading role i

14、n its live-action adaptation of the 1998 animated movie Mulan, which is set to be released in 2019.Many people took to social media to celebrate Lius successful casting as a win for diversity in Disney films, _5_ (give) that several Hollywood movies have faced criticism in recent months for featurin

15、g white actors and actresses in Asian roles.Chinese-American actress Ming-Na Wen, who _6_ (voice) Mulan in the 1998 animation, wrote on social media: “Congratulations to Liu Yifei. Great choice for live action Mulan!”“I love Mulans bravery and fearlessness,” Liu told NetEase Entertainment. “I am ver

16、y grateful for Disneys decision and I will do my best.”According to AP, Liu, 30, was picked out of nearly 1,000 candidates for the role. The filmmakers werent only looking for a Chinese actress, but also _7_ with “credible martial arts skills” and the ability to speak English.Nicknamed “Fairy Sister

17、”, Liu is _8_ (good) known for her delicate looks and previous roles in fantasy martial arts dramas. _9_ (live) in New York for part of her childhood, Liu is said to be fluent in English. She has already acted in three English-language movies, _10_ (include) 2008s The Forbidden Kingdom and this year

18、s The Chinese Widow.KEY: 1. But 2. herself 3. has been brought 4. would 5. given 6. voiced 7. one 8. better 9. Having lived10. including(改编自SSP)十一选十A. accomplishments B. masterfully C. transformed D. digital E. honoring F. specialized G. painstakingly H. self-centered I. blinding J. weight K. perfor

19、mancesThe Godfather of Motion CaptureYou may never have heard of the name Andy Serkis, but what about Gollum in the Lord of the Rings series, the title role in King Kong, and Caesar in the Planet of the Apes trilogy (三部曲)? These (1)_ characters are all played by Serkis, the godfather of motion-captu

20、re (运用动作捕捉技术的) acting. The 53-year-old is the undisputed (公认的) master of acting in the (2)_ bodysuit and head-mounted (头戴的) camera used in motion-capture performances, which are then (3)_ enhanced to make him look like a giant gorilla (大猩猩) or other freak creatures.It was a shame that Serkis perform

21、ance as Gollum didnt win him an Oscar nomination. In The Lord of the Rings, Serkis faultlessly portrayed (扮演) this mysterious and contradictory (矛盾的) creature, giving Gollum a (4)_ and egoistic (自私自利的) character. And in War for the Planet of the Apes, the latest installment in the Planet of the Apes

22、 series, he (5)_ handled Caesars full range of emotion, from (6)_ anger to subtle (细微的) sadness. It would truly be a(n) injustice if his third and best turn as Caesar were not given due (7)_. So why has Serkis been shut out of Oscar acting nominations despite all his monumental (不朽的) (8)_ on the sil

23、ver screen?According to Scott Feinberg, awards columnist for The Hollywood Reporter (好莱坞记者报), “Awards voters are wary (谨慎的) of normalizing motion-capture performances for fear that its another step to not needing actors at all. They dont want to accelerate the process by (9)_ it.” However, Matt Reev

24、es, who directed Serkis in War for the Planet of the Apes and 2014s Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, says that actors are being educated on the motion-capture process, especially those who see it up close alongside Serkis. The performance is coming from the actor, he asserts (坚称), not the artists who

25、 (10)_ Serkis into a photo-realistic ape. “The performance is absolutely Andy. Hes worthy of recognition (认可) because hes one of the best actors in the world,” Reeves adds.Moviegoers who have seen the latest Planet of the Apes movie may agree with Reeves, but the actor himself seems not to care abou

26、t winning awards. Just as he once said, “Whats really important, more than awards, is a proper understanding of what performance capture is. Its nothing more than acting, pure acting.”1-5 DFGHB；6-10IJAFC【选项】accomplishments n. U完成；C成就；成绩masterfully adv. 技巧熟练地transformedvt. 改造，改革，改变（ . into）digital ad

27、j. 数码的，数字的；数字显示的；(使用)电脑技术的honoringn. 荣誉，名誉；崇敬；正义感vt. 尊敬；向.表示敬意；给.以荣誉specializedadj. 专门的，专业的，专科的，专用的painstakinglyadv. 煞费苦心地；费力地self-centeredadj. 以自我为中心的blindingadj. 失明的；盲人的；视而不见的；盲目的vt. 使失明；使看不见；遮暗weightn. 重量，体重；分量，价值，影响力performancesn. 演奏，演出，表演【解析】1. 根据语法结构：限定词和名词之间填形容词，可知本题考查形容词；根据上下文，本句意为“这些使用电脑技术合

28、成的人物都是由Serkis扮演的”，可知空格处需填入D。2. 根据语法结构：限定词和名词之间填形容词，可知本题考查形容词；根据上下文，本句意为“.身穿专门的紧身衣.”，可知空格处需填入F。3. 根据语法结构：be动词和过去分词之间填副词，可知本题考查副词；根据上下文，本句意为“然后被费力地或不辞辛劳地提高来使他看起来像大猩猩.”，可知空格处需填入G。4. 根据语法结构：限定词和名词之间填形容词，可知本题考查形容词；且根据下文提示词“and egoistic”可知本空需填入与其相近词义的词，因此本空需填入H。5. 根据语法结构：主语和谓语之间可填入副词，可知本题考查副词；选项中只剩一个副词，且语

29、意符合，可知本空需填入B。6. 根据语法结构：介词和名词之间填形容词，可知本题考查形容词；根据上下文，本句意为“从令人炫目的愤怒到细微的悲伤”，可知本空需填入I。 7.根据give用法，可知本题考查名词；根据上下文，本句意为“如果他的第三部也是最好的一次转型-凯撒大帝的表演没有给予应有的分量的话，实在是不公平”，可知空格处需填入J。8.根据语法结构：介词+形容词后填名词，且all提示要填复数名词；根据上下文，本句意为“尽管他在荧屏上有不朽的成就.”，可知本空需填入A。9.根据语法结构：介词和代词之间需填动词-ing形式，可知本题考查动词；符合语境的选项只有一个且语意成立；可知本空需填入E。10

30、.根据语法结构：关系词后需要谓语动词，本知本题考查动词且作谓语并且是过去时，此时选项剩下一个名词和一个动词，可知本空需填入C。电影类词汇cinema， pictures电影院（美作 movie theater） premiere首映式 film festival电影节 release准予上映banned film禁映 director导演 adaptation改编 scenario，screenplay，script编剧scene场景 exterior外景lighting灯光 shooting摄制 dubbing配音 studio制片厂摄影properties， props道具 spotlig

31、ht聚光灯newsreel新间片纪录片 documentary（film）记录片文献片 filmdom电影界 literary film文艺片 musicals音乐片 comedy喜剧片 tragedy悲剧片 swordsmen film武侠片 detective film侦探片 ethical film伦理片 affectional film爱情片 western movies西部片 film davant-garde前卫片 serial系列片 trailer预告片 cartoon (film)卡通片动画片title片名 original version原著 dialogue对白 subti

32、tles, subtitling字幕Best Picture最佳影片 Best Director最佳导演 Best Actor最佳男主角 Best Actress最佳女主角 Best Supporting Actor最佳男配角 Best Supporting Actress最佳女配角Best Animated Feature Film最佳动画长片 Best Foreign Film最佳外语片(主题写作：校园生活)主题单元：学校生活(A)你是张华，你要竞选班长（class president），请写一篇竞选演讲词。演讲词中应包括：1. 你为何认为自己可以胜任班长工作？2. 如果当选你将会为本班同

33、学做什么？审题分析：一、本题是一篇竟选演讲词，要求学生说明“张华”可以胜任班长的理由，以及当选后会为班级做什么。本文是夹叙夹议类作文。其中叙述部分为“会为本班同学做什么”，议论部分为“为什么可以胜任班长工作。”二、在叙进部分，“会为本班同学做什么“的措施应避免过于剑走偏锋，仍然需要契合班长工作的实际；也应避免将班长工作描述成一个全能老好人的工作，如：Ill satisfy all your needs三、本文语言要求雄排、有力，能够说服读者接受“张华”是一个强有力的班长候选人。范文点评：Dear classmates,Im now running for the class resident,

34、 for I believe I deserve this position. My confidence is based on the following reasons. First, I do well in all the subjects and always gain high scores. Besides that, I am a person with a high sense of responsibility. I am not afraid of challenges. In addition, Im a hardworking person, willing to

35、take up all kinds of work and always ready to help you.If Im elected class president, Ill certainly do a lot for you. Ill arrange many new extra-curricular activities, and make some changes to the current ones, which are too boring. Ill set up a regular relationship between this class and our teache

36、rs, in order to keep us tighter together and to know each other better. Finally, Ill arrange a thorough cleaning and redecoration of our classroom so that the classroom can take on a new look and everyone in it will feel the change, thus studying in a more delightful environment. Thats all. Vote for

37、 me, Zhang Hua. Thank you. 作文开头开门见山，没有多余冗长语言。由for引导的表原因的并列句简洁有力地表达出了作者的观点并吸引读者继续读下去，寻求“为什么”。 第二段开头直入主题，引出自己为什么可以胜任班长。作为表达观点的中心句，其被动语态的运用强调了my confidence，连接文章开头，并且与上文的deserve this position相呼应；be based on的运用又很好地引出了下文即将描述的内容。 划线词组承接本段的三个层次，使得本段层次分明。并且，每个层次的比例均匀，重点突出，没有废话。 语法结构错误。这里的to know each other b

38、etter和to keep us tighter together并列，属于句子的目的状语，因此逻辑主语应为I，但是I know each other better意义错误，应该是we know each other better。因此建议修改为to help us know each other better比较好。 将“安排班级进行大扫除和重新装饰，并使得班级呈现新貌”这一举措作为“如果当选会为班级做什么”的收尾，使得整个叙述部分振奋人心。文中so that, take on a new look, feel the change, thus studying的运用使得描述充满了饱满的热情

39、。 结尾过于简单。如能再次呼应自己的信心则更好。综合评价：本文结构分明，过渡词明确，主题句清断。内容详略分明，没有废话，所选择的论据能有力地支持观点，语言方面句式结多样，词组运用丰富，表述到位，用词准确，基本没有语法错误。略显遗憾的是结尾部分大过简单。好词好句：l My confidence is based on the following reasons.l . is based on the following reasons运用被动句，使原因引出自然，和前文的观点接，行文更加流畅。l Im a hardworking person, willing to take up all kin

40、ds of work and always ready to help you.三个形容词及形容词词组并列，简明扼要地写出“我”的优秀品质。l Ill arrange a thorough cleaning and redecoration of the classroom so that the classroom can take on a new look and everyone in it will feel the change, thus studying in a more delightful environment.so that（目的状语从句）和 thus doing（现

41、在分词短语作伴随状语）的运用使得本句句式丰富多样。take on a new look和 feel the change两个词组两相呼应，增亮文字。实战练习：1. 选词填空：从框中选择恰当词组填入段落，使得段落通顺。A. shining points B. long-term experience C. in the course ofD. heart and soul E. achieve twice the result with half the effortF. manage time reasonably and wise G. stand outH. gain honors and

42、 reputation 1. add both efficiency and quality toTo begin with, one of my _ is leadership, which plays a vital role _ managing the whole class. Having had a _ in leading a class, I am sure to lead the class to _. Moreover, a sense of responsibility makes me _ from other candidates. Ill accomplish mo

43、st class tasks _ with my responsibility. Last but not least, the ability to _ will _ class affairs. Along with such ability, I will be able to _. key: ACBHGDFIE2翻译填空：将括号内的中文翻译成英语，使得句子通顺。（1）_（我坚信） that I will have the courage to _（处理大量的工作） and turn our class into a wonderful, friendly and warm unit t

44、hat is _（不亚于任何班级）.（2）If I am _ （很幸运地赢得你们的支持） and get the post, I will do my best to _ （尽好我的义务） and _ （承担起作为领导者的角色） in our class. （3） I will make sure about _ （自修时间的纪律和安静）, providing the class with _ （一个更好的学习气氛）.（4）Firstly, I will _ （用尽任何方法） to build up the bridge between teachers and students in ord

45、er to _ （激发学习气氛）.key: （1）I firmly hold the belief；deal with a great amount of work；second to none（2）fortunate/lucky enough to win your support；fulfill my obligations；assume my role as a leader（3）the discipline and quietness of the self-study periods；a better studying atmosphere（4）try every/all means

46、；inspire the studying atmosphere3. 表达训练：运用所给出的关键词，用恰当的英语表达下列句子的意思。（1）我相信在我的领导下，你们会发现全班和谐而充满活力。(in a . way)（2）我具备班长所应具备的基本素质，因此我相信投我一票会是你最明智的选择。(equal)（3）总之，我会尽全力做好班长的分内之事。请相信我并支持我，我会全心全意为全班服务的。(so that)key: (1)Im sure that under my leadership, youll see a class running in a vigorous and harmonious w

47、ay(2) Since I hold several essential qualities equal to this position, I am quite confident that voting for me will be your wise choice.(3)In a word, I will do my best to fulfill the requirements of the position. Please trust me and lend me a hand so that I can serve everybody heart and soul.(B)现在有些

48、学生认为和老师之间存在代沟，很难和老师沟通。你认为师生之间的关系该如何处理？请谈谈你的看法。审题分析：一、本题是一篇论说文，要求学生对所给出的现象谈谈自己的看法。就本题“师生关系”的内容来说，在给出明确观点之后，如果以“老师”和“学生”两方面分别说明自己的观点，则更显得结构清断，层次分明。当然，也可以提出新师生关系的要点，就每个要点下分“老师”和“学生”两方面进行闻释。二、本题的语言要求逻辑清楚，有理有据，组织结构清晰，明确表明学生自己的观点和立场。范文点评：Nowadays, many students have found it hard to communicate with teach

49、ers. In order to prevent the gap between students and teachers from building up, I hold the opinion that students and teachers should get along with each other like friends. As to students, they should totally understand that teachers are always too ready to help them with their problems. They are l

50、ooking forward to talking with students freely about everything in their life and study. They expect to be friends with students, so students shouldnt look upon their teachers as unapproachable. Try talking to the teachers like friends, and the students are bound to gain a lot. As to teachers, if th

51、ey can genuinely treat students like friends and avoid feeling superior to them, they will surely become students friends and contribute to their good relationship, since communication is a mutual task. In addition, being fair to every student is also crucial for teachers. Some teachers prefer top s

52、tudents in particular and therefore other students will feel themselves ignored, thus keeping farther away from the teachers. If teachers want to build a good new relationship with their students, by no means should they be unfair. Instead, they should treat their students equally and cherish them.T

53、o sum up, developing a new relationship between students and teachers is not that easy. However, if both sides can open their hearts and be friends to each other, they will surely feel the mutual respect and genuine love, which is what makes the world go around. 表达不符合英语习惯，应该将building up改成widening。wi

54、den the gap：扩大代沟。 提出观点，说明新师生关系是建立在老师学生互相以朋友相待的基础上。 本段从学生方面谈谈为什么应将老师当作朋友对待。作者在本段中运用了丰富的词组来表达老师希望和学生交朋友的情感，如：too ready to .，are looking forward to .，freely和expect to be；同时运用了如shouldnt，“祈使句，and .”句型和be bound to等强烈情态色彩的词组句式来说明如果学生将老师当作朋友来对待，则一定受益匪浅。 本段从老师方面谈谈如何与学生做朋友。句式运用十分丰富。如此长句就包含了一个条件状语从句和一个原因状语从句，通

55、过语气的转换和到位的表达讲清了教师应怎样对待学生，为什么以及其会产生怎样的结果。 本句是一个简单句，简明扼要地点出本段的第二小点。being fair作为这一小点的中心意义被放在句首，使得表达直接明确。这一简单句紧接前文的长句，使得第二小点的提出显得干净利落。 此长句句式带有一个条件状语从句、一个非限定定语从句，定语从句中使用了一个表语从句，虽然有那么多句式的结构，但其收尾不让人觉得拖沓，而是更完整地呼应了文章的观点。综合评价：本文在提出主要观点的基础上分“学生”和“老师”两方面论述，每方面的论述再分相应的层次，观点鲜明，层次清断。另外，本文运用了丰富的句式结构，从句、非谓语、倒装等，但却不显

56、得繁项拖。长短句的结合更使得观点的阐述紧凑有致，语气强烈丰富。好词好句：l They expect to be friends with students, so students shouldnt look upon their teachers as unapproachable.蓝色字部分意义为“认为他们的老师遥不可及”， look uponas的意义为“认为”l Some teachers prefer top students in particular and therefore other students will feel themselves ignored, thus k

57、eeping farther away from the teachers.in particular的意义为“尤其”。用 feel themselves ignored这一动宾宾补结构要比同样意义的feel that they are ignored宾语从句结构来得筒洁。l If teachers want to build a good new relationship with their students, by no means should they be unfair.倒装句及双重否定，增强强调语气。实战练习：1. 选词填空：从框中选择恰当词组填入段落，使得段落通顺。A. gai

58、n some innovative thoughts B. From my point of viewC. vital D. on no account E. a satisfactory patternF. exchange thoughts and ideas freely G. leading to better teaching performanceH. in the process ofCommunication is a _ part of the process of teaching and learning. _, an ideal relationship should

59、be one in which students can _ with teachers. Students can learn from the experience of teachers _ question raising and problem solving. On the other hand, teachers may _ from students, consequently _ in the long run. In summary, _ can we deny the fact that frequent communication is _ the relationsh

60、ip between students and teachers.key: C B F H A G D E2翻译填空：将括号内的中文翻译成英语，使得句子通顺。(1) Students are prone to be _ （不愿意交流想法） with tutors while teachers also _（发现他们自己和那些孩子们孤立开来了）。(2) First of all, both sides should _ （显示出相互尊重和信任) and one shouldnt _（觉得高人一头或低人一等）。(3) Besides, _ （在教学过程中）, teachers should oft

61、en interact with students _ （通过使用各种教学设施）and _（创造一个生动、温暖的班级氛围）。(4) _ （不会存在像代沟这样的事情） between teachers and students as long as they are _（愿意交流想法） with each other and show mutual respect.key:(1) unwilling reluctant to exchange their feelings; find themselves isolated from those kids(2) show mutual respe

62、ct and trust; feel superior or inferior to the other(3)in the course of teaching; by using various teaching facilities, create a vivid, warm atmosphere of class(4) There will be no such thing as generation gap, willing to exchange thoughts3表达训练：运用所给出的关键词，用恰当的英语表达下列句子的意思。（1）可以采取措施来防止师生关系的恶化。(prevent)

63、（2）每当学生在学习与生活中遇到麻烦，并寻求帮助与安慰的时候，他都能向老师求助。(Whenever)（3）总之，在共同的努力下，老师和学生总有一天一定会打破僵局，建立和谐的师生关系。(with)key: (1) Measures can be taken to prevent the relationship between teachers and students from going worse.(2) Whenever a student seek help or comfort after encountering troubles in study or life, he can

64、turn to the teacher.(3) All in all, with joint efforts, teachers and students are bound to break the ice someday and build up a harmonious relationship.课堂训练：(来自iread 08)GrammarSurviving in the Wilderness Many people enjoy traveling through wild and deserted landscapes, but few expected to end up in

65、a genuine survival situation. The unexpected occasionally(21) _(happen), however, so you should be prepared. Imagine finding_(22) in the middle of a wilderness with a broken-down jeep and hardly any food and water. What should your priorities be? Should you stay with your vehicle and hope(23) _(resc

66、ue)? Or should you search for civilization and risk getting even more lost? Should you spend time searching for water or food first? Or should you postpone worrying about food and water (24)_ you have managed to find or build a shelter?If you are not sure, keep reading-this article could save your l

67、ife!Priority 1 ShelterDo you put off(25)_(make) a shelter-it should be your first priority.Try enlarging an existing, natural shelter, such as a hole in the ground below a(an)(26) _(fall) tree. If you happen to be near a rocky coast, build a shelter and cover it with wood from the beach. If you are

68、on the move, stop to build your shelter while it is still light.Priority 2 WaterIf you fail to find water, you will only survive for about three days( whereas you can survive for weeks without food). If there is no rain, try walking through vegetation early in the morning to collect moisture in clot

69、hing. Avoid drinking water (27)_ looks or smells bad.Priority 3 FireFire has many uses. It makes food more appetizing. If you cant face eating raw worms, boil them in water to make a nourishing soup! Fire protects(28)_ dangerous animals, since many will not dare to approach it. And you can also use

70、it for signaling to rescuers-(29)_they give up looking for you.Priority 4 Food It is quite easy to get food in the wild, if you know where to look. Many survival books suggest eating a small amount of unknown plants to test (30)_ they are poisonous. However, we do not recommend to do this, since som

71、e plants are so poisonous that even a very small amount can cause serious health problems.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. A. appropriate B. bursts C. conductive D. consu

72、lt E. densely F initialG. publicly H. publications I. references J. require K sense.Reading as part of writingOne of the techniques of writing successfully in an academic environment is to be able to combine the important points of what you have read with your own writing. To do this, you must have

73、a clear picture of what you have read, and this in itself will _31_ active and focused reading. With academic reading, it is necessary to focus constantly on what the author is saying. Yet many academic texts are_32_ written in unfamiliar ways, which make them much more difficult to manage than, for

74、 example, a novel or a magazine article.Although sometimes there may be reasons why you need to skim-read an article or book, this is likely to be only to get the general idea of what is being said, as a way of deciding whether it is _33_ reading material or not. In general, skim-reading is not a pa

75、rticularly useful strategy for a student, but you may well be used to doing this in other contexts, for example, skimming through a newspaper article or surfing the web. Instead of skim-reading, you will be developing ways of concentrating on quite dense texts and making _34_ of them.Even though you

76、 may only be reading for short_35_ of time, it is likely that you will have to concentrate far more intensely on academic reading material than, for example, when reading for pleasure. You dont necessarily have to work in the library, but you will need to decide what type of location and atmosphere

77、suits you best, and establish conditions that are _36_ to effective study.The _37_ difficulty that most students face is choosing their reading. The first thing to do is to _38_ the reading list you have been given for books and articles that seem relevant to your particular assignment. Doing a libr

78、ary search, by key words or subject, is also useful if the _39_ on your reading list are already on loan from the library. Your tutor should also be able to advise you as to which are the most relevant_40_ or websites. III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following pa

79、ssage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Even before the dust had settled on the wreckage of our financial institutions, the accusations were flying. Who was really to _41_? Was it the greedy investment bankers

80、who were only too happy to take huge risks with loans and credit as long as they were gaining enormous profits? Was it the lenders, who were _42_ to lend money to people far beyond their creditworthiness? Were the politicians and regulators at fault for allowing debt to build up unchecked? Or were t

81、he homebuyers responsible for taking out loans they could never expect to _43_? And lets not forget the _44_, who were happy to take the returns on offer without asking why the interest rates were so high.Of course, the truth is that all of the above _45_ the collapse and, unless we stop pointing th

82、e finger at each other and focus on the serious business of recognizing our _46_ responsibility for our difficulty, we will find ourselves repeating the same mistakes.Lets face it, we are not good at learning lessons from past _47_. The Great Depression of the 1930s was, like the current crisis, pre

83、ceded by a housing boom, a long period of cheap credit and a stock market crash. There are also disturbing _48_ between recent developments and the events in Japan in the 1990s.But already there are worrying signs of our being _49_. Investment banks are falling back into old habits, hiring high-flie

84、rs on unbelievably high salaries and bonus in the name of We need good people. Meanwhile, governments are hesitating in their commitment to _50_ the tough financial regulations that they were banging their fists about only months ago. It is as though we can only _51_ for so long. Then we shrug our s

85、houlders and head unwittingly in the direction of the next _52_.The _53_ is not to express our anger to each other. _54_, we all need to pausebankers, borrowers, lenders, savers, legislators and regulatorsand acknowledge our failure. Then we must have the courage to take the necessary steps, whether

86、 political, corporate or _55_, to prevent yet another cycle of boom and bust. 41.A.blameB.expectC.remainD.represent42.A.giftedB.reluctantC.preparedD.humble43.A.repayB.obtainC.arrangeD.secure44.A.regulatorsB.borrowersC.saversD.lawyers45.A.depended onB.contributed toC.resulted fromD.set up46.A.tempora

87、ryB.lifelongC.individualD.collective47.A.discoveriesB.errorsC.reformsD.markets48.A.barriersB.differencesC.balancesD.parallels49.A.powerlessB.forgetfulC.regretfulD.careless50.A.imposeB.cancelC.neglectD.explain51.A.go aheadB.put offC.look backwardsD.make up52.A.crisisB.boomC.centuryD.promise53.A.proce

88、ssB.reasonC.solutionD.apology54.A.BesidesB.MeanwhileC.OtherwiseD.Instead55.A.professionalB.personalC.formalD.educationalhappens, yourself, to be rescued, until, making, fallen, which, against, before, whetherJEAKB CFDIH41-55 ACACB DBDBA CACDB课后复习(A)I was at the funeral of my dearest friend-my mother

89、. She finally had lost her long battle with cancer. The hurt was so intense; I found it hard to breathe at times. Always supportive, Mother clapped loudest at my school plays, held the box of tissues while listening to my first heartbreak, comforted me at my fathers death, and prayed for me my entir

90、e life.When mothers illness was diagnosed, my sister had a new baby and my brother had recently married his childhood sweetheart, so it fell on me, the 27-year-old middle child, to take care of her. I counted it an honor. My place had been with our mother, preparing her meals, taking her to the doct

91、or, reading the Bible together. Now she was in heaven. My work was finished, but I was alone. Deep in sorrow, suddenly, I heard a door open and slam shut at the back of the church. Quick footsteps hurried along the carpeted floor. A young man looked around briefly and then sat next to me. He folded

92、his hands and placed them on his lap. His eyes started to be filled with tears. Im late, he explained, though no explanation was necessary.After several eulogies, he leaned over and commented, Why do they keep calling Mary by the name of Margaret?Because, that was her name, Margaret. Never Mary. I w

93、hispered, wondering who the stranger was anyway.Isnt this the Lutheran church?No, the Lutheran church is across the street.Oh.I believe youre at the wrong funeral, Sir.The solemness(庄重) of the occasion mixed with the realization of the mans mistake bubbled up inside me and came out as laughter. Shar

94、p looks from other mourners(哀悼者) only made the situation seem more stupid. I peeked at the confused, misguided man seated beside me. He was laughing too, as he glanced around, deciding it was too late for an uneventful exit. I imagined Mother laughing.At the final Amen, we rushed out a door and into

95、 the parking lot. I do believe well be the talk of the town. By the way, my name is Rick. he smiled.That afternoon began a lifelong journey for me with this man who attended the wrong funeral, but was in the right place. A year after our meeting, we were married at a country church. This time we bot

96、h arrived at the same church, right on time.In my time of sorrow, God gave me laughter. In place of loneliness, God gave me love. This past June, we celebrated our twenty-second wedding anniversary. Whenever anyone asks us how we met, Rick tells them, Her mother and my Aunt Mary introduced us, and i

97、ts truly a match made in heaven.1. Only author could take care of her mom mainly because _.A. she was the only child in the family B. a lovely baby came into her brothers familyC. she was the only child without a new familys burden D. her mom loved her much more than other children2. What can we inf

98、er from the passage?A. The author and Rick met 22 years ago for the first time.B. The author was supposed to have been in Lutheran Church.C. Margaret should be the name of Ricks aunt.D. The mourners considered the authors joy improper. 3. What could be the best title of the passage?A. Hope Remaining

99、 at the FuneralB. A Heavenly Encounter C. Two Funerals at One TimeD. Seeking Gods Everlasting Love 【答案】1.C 2. D 3.B【分析】细节理解题。根据第二段的“my sister had a new baby and my brother had recently married his childhood sweetheart”,故选C。推断题。根据文章The author and Rick应该是23年前第一次相遇。应该是Rick在 Lutheran Church。Ricks aunt 的

100、名字是Mary。从“came out as laughter. Sharp looks (犀利的目光)from other mourners(哀悼者)”判断D。根据全文，且最后一段的“Whenever anyone asks us how we met, Rick tells them, Her mother and my Aunt Mary introduced us, and its truly a match made in heaven.”，选B。(B)About Old Faithful The Most Famous Geyser(间歇性喷泉) in the WorldDiscov

101、ered in 1870 by the Washburn Expedition, Old Faithful geyser was named for its frequent eruptions(喷发) which number more than a million since Yellowstone became the worlds first national park in 1872.When does Old Faithful erupt?Basic prediction of Old Faithful is dependent upon the duration of the p

102、revious eruption. During visitor center hours, geyser statistics and predictions are maintained by the naturalist staff. People speak of the average time between eruptions. This is misleading. The mathematical average between eruptions of Old Faithful is currently 74 minutes, but it doesnt like to a

103、ct average! Intervals can range from 60-110 minutes. Visitors can check for posted prediction times in most buildings in the Old Faithful area.How high does Old Faithful erupt and how long will it last?Old Faithful can vary in height from 100-180 feet with an average near 130-140 feet. This has been

104、 the historical range of its recorded height. Eruptions normally last between 1.5 to 5 minutes.I heard Old Faithful isnt as faithful as it used to be. Is it slowing down?It depends on what you call faithful. The famous geyser currently erupts around 20 times a day and can be predicted with a 90 perc

105、ent confidence rate within a 10 minute variation. Prior to the 1959 earthquake, Old Faithful erupted 21 times per day. Thats a significant decrease in activity for geologists tracking each eruption, but to visitors seeing one or two eruptions . . . it looks just fine.How many gallons of water are ex

106、pelled during an eruption?It depends on the duration of the eruption. Scientists estimate that the amount ranges from 3,700 gallons (for a short duration of 1.5 minutes) to 8,400 gallons (for a longer duration of 4.5 minutes).How hot is the water in Old Faithful?During an eruption, the water tempera

107、ture at the vent has been measured at 204F (95.6C). The steam temperature has been measured above 350F!1.You and your friend just watched the eruption of Old Faithful at 12:26 p.m., at what time is it possible for you to enjoy the next one?A. 13:10B. 15:06C. 14:06D. 13:162. Which one of the followin

108、g statement about Old Faithful is true?A. The geysers name gives people an indication that it always erupts regularly, about 20 times each day, once every 74 minutes.B. When it is erupting, people should keep a safe distance from that due to the huge amount of water it expels as well as its freezing

109、 coldness.C. Old Faithful is a well-known geyser which can expel at least 3700 gallons water each time and its located in the worlds largest national park.D. If visitors want to check the eruption time, they may refer to the posted timetables, on which the predictions are calculated by the naturalis

110、ts.3. Where does the article most probably appear?A.The Yellowstone official website.B. Local travel pamphlets introducing Yellowstone.C. A recently-issued guide book on Yellowstone.D. A travel magazine column about Yellowstone.【答案】1.C 2.D 3.A 【分析】1.细节理解题。根据第二段Intervals can range from 60-110 minutes

111、.可知12:26加上110分钟得出14:16.所以答案C。2.细节理解题。根据第二段Basic prediction of Old Faithful is dependent upon the duration of the previous eruption. During visitor center hours, geyser statistics and predictions are maintained by the naturalist staff。3.由文章的开头可以看出是网站。(C)Science advances fastest when data and conclusi

112、ons are shared as quickly as possible. Yet it is common practice for medical researchers to conceal results for months or years until research is published in an academic journal. Even then, the data supporting a study are often not revealed.The motive to withhold findings is powerful. Journal paper

113、s are the key measure of a scientists productivity. To win research money and get promoted, scientists need to increase an impressive list of publications. Yet the delays in spreading knowledge have the capacity to do real harm. Nor are elite journals the guardians of quality that they often claim t

114、o be. The number of papers so flawed that they need to be retracted has risen sharply in the past two decades. Studies in elite journals (such as Nature and Science) are no statistically stronger than those in lesser journals.Science should not, and need not, be restrained by journal publication. Th

115、ree sensible reforms would ensure that researchers results could be communicated to more people more quickly, without any decline in quality. Step one is for the organizations that finance research to demand that scientists put their academic papers, along with their experimental data, in publicly a

116、ccessible “databases” before they are sent to a journal. That would allow other researchers to make use of the findings without delay. Those opposing such “preprints” argue that they allow work of poor quality to grow wildly because it has not yet been peer-reviewed. That may surprise physicists and

117、 mathematicians, who have been posting work to arXiv, a preprint database, for more than 25 years with no ill effects.Step two is to improve the process of peer review itself. Journals currently administer a system of organizing anonymous peer reviewers to pass judgment on new researcha fact they us

118、e, in part, to justify their sky-high subscription prices. But this process tends to be abused. At its worst, groups of researchers are suspected of guaranteeing favorable reviews for each others work. Better that reviewers are named and that the reviews are published. The Gates foundation has annou

119、nced its support for an online database where such open peer review of papers takes place. The database was launched last year by the Wellcome Trust, meaning that the worlds two largest medical charities have thrown their weight behind it. Others should follow.Finally, science needs to stop relying

120、so much on journal publication as the only recognized credential for researchers and the only path to career progression. Tools exist that report how often a preprint has been viewed, for example, or whether a clinical data set has been cited in guidelines for doctors. A handful of firms are using a

121、rtificial intelligence to assess the scientific importance of research, disregarding how it has been spread. Such approaches need encouragement. Journals may lose out, but science itself will benefit.The passage primarily argues _. A. why scientists should timely make public their information with o

122、ther peersB. how a reliable system that promotes fast sharing of academic outcomes can be establishedC. how the scientific circle ensures the quality of those research papers published in journalsD. what the difference is between the studies posted to preprint databases and the elite journals2. Whic

123、h of the following is NOT the reason why scientists hold back their findings?A. They want to climb up the career ladders.B. They want to show their capacity of yielding great researches.C. They want to ensure the scientific validity before releasing them.D. They want to get funded for their study.3.

124、 What does the underlined word “anonymous” probably mean?A. showing strong abilityB. identified by many peopleC. unknown by nameD. having great authority4. What can help reduce academics dependence on journal publication?A. Using tools to report the frequency of a preprint being viewed.B. Firms usin

125、g advanced technology to produce a research.C. Citing doctors guideline in processing a clinical data.D. Finding methods to assess the way those studies are shared or spread.5. Which one of the following statements will the author most probably agree with?A. Full trust can be put in elite journals l

126、ike Science and Nature.B. The prospect of scientific journals undoubtedly outweighs that of science.C. The popularity of preprint will inevitably bring about a careless academic world.D. Organizations ought to employ an open measure to conduct the peer review.【答案】1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.D【分析】1.通读全文可知答案B。.

127、 how a reliable system that promotes fast sharing of academic outcomes can be established2.细节题。根据文章第二段可知A B D正确。3.词义辨析题。anonymous 匿名的。结合文章意思可知为C。4.结合最后一段可知，使用工具去报道非正式样本被评论的频率。5.主旨大意题。作者认为，机构应该使用一个公开的方法去实施同行评审。(来自复旦附中翻译句子练习)41. 长江从东到西蜿蜒5800千米。(wind)The Changjiang River winds itself from west to east

128、for 5,800 kilometers42. 这中药闻起来有些怪味，但治疗感冒非常有效。(be effective)The Chinese medicine smells a bit strange, but it is quite effective in treating cold.43. 实在对不起，在过去几个月里给你添了不少麻烦。(give troubles)Im terribly sorry to have given you a lot of trouble in the past few months44. 黄浦江以东的土地叫浦东，比新加坡面积大。(in area)The 1and to the east of the Huangpu River is called Pudong, which is larger than Singapore in area.45. 许多人一直梦想将来有一天能在月亮上安家。(settle down)Many people have been dreaming of setting down on the moon some day in the future