人教版高中英语必修三：Unit5 Canada—“The True North“-语法篇（教师版）.docx

1、Unit5 Canada“The True North”语法篇_要求学生掌握本单元的重点语法-名词性从句中的同位语从句。一、同位语从句：在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面，用以解释和说明前面的名词的内容。后面常接同位语从句的名词有news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message，doubt ，belief ，thought， certainty ，truth ，question， reason， reply， possibility，suggestion。二、同位语从句在句中的位置1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如new

2、s，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等）的后 面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。E.g. The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。E.g. Ive come from Mr. Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。2. 有时同

3、位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做间隔式同 位语从句。E.g. The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。E.g. The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again. 据说他高考又落榜了。三、同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词（word除外）加以修饰。E.g. Where

4、 did you get the idea that I could not come? 你在哪儿听说我不能来？E.g. Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening. 答应我，你今天晚上要来参加我们的晚会。E.g. Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15，2019. 消息传来，中国于2019年10月15日首次成功发射了载人飞船。四、同位语从句连接词的选用 引导同位语从句的词有连词that，whether、连接代词w

5、ho, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how等1.由that, whether引导的同位语从句。此时的引导词只起引导作用，不在从句中作任何成分E.g. We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。E.g. They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。E.g. The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。E.g. Ive c

6、ome to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出结论这样做是不明智的。E.g. He referred to Copernicus statement that the earth moves round the sun. 他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。E.g. There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。E.g. The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 这个是对还是错要看结

7、果。E.g. We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。【注意1】若被同位语从句修饰的名词是下列名词时，同位语从句要用虚拟语气即“should+do”,should常常省略常常可省略。这些词有：advice，announcement，argument，belief，claim，conclusion，decision，evidence，explanation，fact，feeling，hope，idea，impression，information，knowledge，me

8、ssage，news，opinion，order，probability，promise，proposal，remark，reply，report，saying，statement，suggestion，thought，treat，warning，wish，word等。E.g. They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他们面对废除这个税的要求。E.g. They expressed the wish that she accept the award. 他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。E.g. The suggesti

9、on that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。E.g. The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried. 允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。E.g. He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印

10、象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。【注意3】表达“是否”的概念时，要用whether 而不用if引导同位语从句。E.g. I have no idea whether you are interested in working for her. 我不知道你是否有兴趣为她工作。E.g. We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 我们还没有决定到什么地方去度暑假。【注意4】在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用

11、that连接。 E.g. We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time. 我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。 E.g. There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise. 我们相信张卫会守信的。2.由连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how等引导的同位语从句。此时的引导词在从句中作相应的成分。E.g. I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。E.g

12、. It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做的问题。E.g. He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么离开。E.g. You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多着急！E.g. Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?E.g. I have no idea which one I should choose.我不知道该选哪一个。五、同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别：同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三

13、方面:1. 从词类上区别 同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea/ fact/news/ hope /belief/ suggestion/ proposal/ word /thought/doubt/truth/possibility/promise/order等有一定内涵的名词；而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。 E.g. The possibility that the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性。(同位语从句)E.

14、g. We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting. 我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题。(同位语从句)E.g. Word came that he had been abroad. 据说他已经出国了。(同位语从句)E.g. Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。(定语从句)E.g. The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位医生在房

15、间里面。(定语从句)E.g. His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习。(定语从句,代词all作先行词)2. 从性质上区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴。E.g. The news that our team has won the game was true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)E.g. The news that he

16、told me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语)E.g. I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言)E.g. The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。(定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语)

17、3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。E.g. That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。（同位语从句)E.g. I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事。(同位语从句)引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略 that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能

18、省略,也不能用which来代替。E.g. The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略)E.g. The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的

19、几个小组?(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略)用中文举个例子1.我不相信他是小偷的事实（同位）“事实”同“他是小偷”是同一件事情2.我不相信他告诉我的事实“事实”同“他告诉我”不是同一件事1. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief_ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.A. how B. that C. which D. whether解析：根据句意“唯一能在最高级别（体育竞

20、赛中）胜出的方法就是完全相信在运动场上你比其他任何人都优秀。”本题空格处引导的句子作belief的同位语，故用that。答案：B。2. (2019浙江绍兴一中期中)Even if there is no scientific proof _second-hand smoking causes cancer, there is no reason why nonsmokers should be forced to take this risk.A. which B. that C. when D. where解析：根据句意“即使没有科学证据表明吸二手烟会致癌，也没有理由让不吸烟的人们被迫去冒这

21、种危险”此处proof 后是同位语从句，说明proof的内容，而同位语从句意思完整，不缺少成分，所以用that引导。答案：B。3. (2019四川成都摸底)Dont worry! There is still a great chance _we can make up for the lost time. A. which B. that C. where D. when解析：根据句意“不要担心！还有我们弥补失去时间的极好机会。”结合语境可知“we can make up for the lost time”为同位语从句，引导词在句子中不承担句子成分，只起连接作用。答案：B。4.( 2019

22、四川石室中学期中)There are some warnings in some countries _over exploitation of underground water has caused the decline of wetland and the increase of desertification._ myself moreit was a perfect day.A. which B. where C. what D. that解析：根据句意“在一些国家有一些警告，过分开采地下水已经导致湿地的减少和沙漠化的增加。”这里横线后面是同位语从句，说明warnings的内容，因

23、为同位语从句的成分和意思都是完整的，用that连接，that不担当任何成分，只起到连接的作用，但是也不能省略。答案：D。5. ( 2019吉林长春期中)There is solid evidence_ watching 3D movies can have side effects on the viewers.A. what B. that C. which D. how解析：根据句意“有确凿的证据表面，看3D电影对观众可能有不良的影响。”evidence后为同位语从句，表示evidence的具体内容，因为从句中不缺少句子成分，所以由that引导，答案：D。基础演练1. _ makes th

24、is shop different is that it offers more personal services. A. What B. WhoC. WhateverD. Whoever2. -Its thirty years since we last met. -But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _ we got lost on a rainy night.A. which B. that C. what D. when3. See the flags on top of the building? That was

25、_ we did this morning.A. when B. which C. where D. What4. -Could you do me a favor? -It depends on _ it is. A. whichB. whicheverC. what D. whatever5. Doris success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.A. which B. that C. when D. why6. Mary wrote an article on _ the t

26、eam had failed to win the game. A. why B. what C. whoD. that7. Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom? A. that B. whatC. asD. which8. -Why does she always ask you for help? -There is no one else _, is there? A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turnD. for her to

27、turn9. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smooth.A. /B. whetherC. how D. what10. Danny left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.A. whoB. thatC. asD. whichKeys: 1-5 ABDC B 6-10ABBB B 巩固提高1. Mum is coming. What present _ for your

28、birthday? A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she got C. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got2. The way he did it was different _ we were used to. A. in whichB. in whatC. from what D. from which3. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _ it was 20 ye

29、ars ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. A. what; whenB. that; whichC. what; whichD. which; that4. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether5. We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad.A. ifB. where

30、C. whetherD. that6. A warm thought suddenly came to me _I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.A. if B. when C. that D. which7. There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A. that B. which C. until D. if8. Please remind me _ he said

31、 he was going. I may be in time to see him off.A. where B. when C. how D. what9. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us. _we gave some bells and glasses. A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which10. With his work completed, the businessman stepped b

32、ack to his seat, feeling pleased _ he was a man of action. A. which B. that C. what D. whetherKeys: 1-5 CCABC 6-10 CABBB1. _ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever2. I just wonder _ that makes him so excited.

33、A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is3. _ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. A. As B. That C. This D. It4. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. A. why B.

34、 that C. where D. because5. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough. A. where B. how C. what D. which6. He noticed that the straight part of the dance was different in the afternoon from _ it had been in the morning. A. thatB. where C. what D. which7. Id like to work with

35、 _ is honest and easy to get on with.A. who B. whoever C. whomever D. no matter who8. When you are reading, make a note of _ you think is of great importance.A. whichB. that C. what D. when9. -Can we get everything ready by the weekend? -It all depends on _ we can get Mr. Greens cooperation. A. that

36、 B. what C. whether D. if10. It is the third time _late this month.A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived11. It was in 1969_the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.A. that B. which C. in which D. when12. Is it in that factory _”Red Flag” c

37、ars are made?A. in which B. where C. that D. which13. Is the lab _the foreigners visited yesterday?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one14. What especially impressed us was the way _our teacher studied foreign language.A / B which C by which D what15. Mr. Green is an Australian, _ I know from his

38、accent.A. who B. whom C. which D. thatKeys:1-5 DDDBC 6-10 CBCCC 11-15ACDAC_一、 阅读CFour Simple Keys to Transform Your LifeThe Power of Choice. Every one of us makes countless choices every day. Every choice we make has an impact on our lives. Even insignificant choices can affect what we experience an

39、d how we feel. When hunger strikes, we can reach for a healthy, nutritious snack, or we can choose the sugar high of junk food. The more important the decision, the greater its effect. For instance, how do I act towards that person who treated me badly? Do I generally choose to be passive, or do I a

40、ctively set clear intentions and create what I want in my life? Every choice we make, however big or small, affects us in some way.How Do You Make Choices? If you are interested in living a richer, fuller life, there is a foundation upon which you can base all of your decisions which can make life b

41、etter not only for you, but also for those around you. This foundation is to choose based on whats best for all. Imagine a world where every parent, spouse（配偶）, friend, teacher, businessperson, and politician truly did their best to choose whats best for all involved in every decision they made We w

42、ould certainly live in a more caring, supportive world.Its the Intention. But how do I know what is really best? you might ask. The answer is simple. It doesnt matter. What matters is not the choice you make, but rather the intention behind your choice. What matters is that whatever decision you mak

43、e, you are clear in your intention of choosing based on whats best for all. If it later turns out that you made what appears to have been a bad choice, theres no need for guilt. Knowing that you did your best to choose with a sincere desire for whats best for all, your conscience stays clear and ope

44、n. This then allows you to more easily learn from your mistakes, and to live with a clear heart and mind.Whats Best for Me, Too! Choosing whats best does not mean you have to always sacrifice yourself for others. An overly(过度的) exhausted mother can lose her temper easily. Some time off for this moth

45、er might seem selfish, yet in the long run, it can help her to be a better mother to her children. So as we move through each day of our lives, let us remember to include ourselves as we do our best to choose whats best for all.1. Which of the following is FALSE?A. Whenever hunger strikes, we will r

46、each for a junk snack. B. Every choice, however big or small, has an influence on us.C. Even small choices affect how we feel.D. We make choices every day.2. How should we make choices?A .To be interested in a richer, fuller life.B. To make life better for ourselves.C. To imagine a world where every

47、one did their best.D. To choose based on whats best for all.3. Why does the author say, What matters is not the choice you make, but rather the intention behind your choice?A. Because the choice you make is not important.B. Because you may have made a bad choice.C. Because this allows you to stay cl

48、ear and improve. D. Because there is no need for guilt.4. How to choose what is best for us?A. We need to devote all our life to others. B. We need to put away some time for ourselves.C. We need to sacrifice ourselves for others.D. We need to be selfless every minute.DIn October on the east coast of

49、 Australia migrating(迁徙)humpback whales(座头鲸)pass very close to the shore. With the help of Max Egan, we went to film them near Byron Bay. It was extremely exciting to spot the little puffs(水柱)of spray on the horizon. When migrating, the whales can be traveling at speeds of about 12km/h and can dive

50、under anywhere between five and forty minutes, but with many years of experience Max usually guided our boat to exactly the right place to provide us with amazing sighting. As the whales break the surface like submarines(潜水艇), the water spills off their broad dark backs and huge tails. Then, with a

51、powerful down stroke, they dive back into the depths of the sea, leaving just a smooth glassy patch of water or “footprint” on the surface to show where they had been.One day we had traveled up and down the shore and far out to the sea in search of whales, but the horizon was deserted. There was no

52、report of whales in the area so we decided to test out Maxs new, highly sensitive hydrophone(水中听音器)and the result was astonishing. As soon as the hydrophone was in the water, we found ourselves listening to the most beautiful voices. What may have seemed like a vast empty ocean was filled with the s

53、inging of whales.It is the males which sing, as they migrate between feeding and breeding(养育)grounds. No one knows for sure what the purpose of these songs is, whether they are love songs to the females or warnings to other males to stay away.It was thought that each population of humpbacks had its

54、own song which remained regular but recent findings suggest that the whales appreciate a memorable tune(曲调)and quickly adopt any new songs they hear.5. Which finding about whales is beyond the writers expectation?A. The little puffs. B. The songs of whales.C. The traveling speed of whales. D. The de

55、pth of the whales dive.6. What do we know about Max?A. He likes whales very much. B. He is a brave scientist on whales.C. He is an experienced man in finding whales. D. He is an expert in making hydrophones.7. The writers main purpose of looking for whales is_.A. carrying out research on whales B. s

56、tudying the beautiful songs of whalesC. making films about whales D. hunting whales for research二、书面表达目前，学校存在少数学生考试作弊现象。某英文杂志社拟对此现象 向中学生征文 ，标题是“My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations”。请根据下列提示用英语写一篇征文稿。内容要点如下：主要原因：1.考试太多、偏难；2. 不用功、懒惰；3.取悦父母。个人看法：1.作弊不对，违反校规；2.要诚实；努力学习。3.其他看法。注意：1短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥；2短

57、文标题与开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；3词数：100左右。 参考词汇：作弊cheat (v.) My Opinion on Cheating in ExaminationsIt is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school. 三、七选五How to Turn Your Child into a Lifelong BookwormLiteracy is one of the most important skills we will ever develop over our lifetimes. Mo

58、st small children love books, looking at the pictures and hearing the story, but as they get older they often move away from books. 1 Join the library Libraries have changed a lot in recent years. 2 Take your child regularly and encourage them to take out books on whatever subject interests them. No

59、t just novelsMany parents think that reading counts if the child is reading a work of fiction or a novel. 3 Non-fiction books are particularly attractive to boys. Kids especially love the sorts of books which allow them to make a decision between various paths and choose their own endings. Set an ex

60、ampleIf your child never sees you reading, they arent going to pick up a book either. 4 Having plenty of books around the house makes reading more accessible and the normal thing to do when bored. If you struggle with reading and literacy, do something about it by going back to college or attending

61、a special adult literacy course.Make their own booksIf your child dislikes reading, think about encouraging them to start writing their own stories and novels. Buy them a special notebook. Allow them to write whatever captures their imagination, and dont worry too much about messy handwriting or poo

62、r spelling. 5 A. So how do you keep your kids interested in books?B.As long as a child is reading, it doesnt matter what they are reading. C. Libraries will have a great range of books for children.D. There are newspapers printed especially for children.E. Reading and writing are often thought of as

63、 two separate issues.F. The idea is to cause an interest in books, reading and fiction, and the rest will develop over time.G.Next time pick up a newspaper or a book and encourage your child to sit with you and read too.Keys: 一、 阅读理解1-7 ADCBB CC 二、书面表达My Opinion on Cheating in ExaminationsIt is know

64、n to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.As students, we often take examinations at school, but sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. On the other hand, some of us are lazy and dont work hard at our lessons. So when taking examinations, some st

65、udents sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers.In my opinion, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations. Whats more, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.三、七选五ACBGF