北师大2016届高三一轮英语大一轮复习（导学案）：虚拟语气 .docx

1、虚拟语气一、以if条件从句为虚拟语气标志时态从句动词形式主句动词形式与现在事实相反didwould/could/should/might do与将来事实相反(1)did(2)were to do(3)should dowould/could/should/might do与过去事实相反had donewould/could/should/might have done含蓄条件句有时虚拟语气并不总是用if引导的条件句来表示，而是通过一些词或短语表示出来。这些词或短语引出的条件与if引导的条件句意义相似，如but for，with，without，otherwise，or，but等。其中but f

2、or相当于if it were not for/if it had not been for，表示“要不是”。He wouldnt have survived but for the neighbours timely help. 二、suggest等动词及其相应的名词后跟的从句中虚拟语气的用法1宾语从句suggest等表示建议、愿望、命令等的动词后跟的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，从句谓语的结构为“should动词原形”，其中should可以省略。The doctor suggested that he (should) take more rest.2主语从句在“It is/was sugges

3、tedthat引导的主语从句”中，主语从句要用虚拟语气， 即“should动词原形”结构，其中should可以省略。另外，在“It is/was important(necessary，desirable，advisable等)that引导的主语从句”中，从句也常用虚拟语气，谓语用“should动词原形”结构，其中should可以省略。It is suggested that the building (should) be pulled down.It is necessary that a doctor (should) be sent for at once.3表语从句当suggesti

4、on，order，proposal，demand等名词作主语时，其后的表语从句中要用虚拟语气“should动词原形”结构，其中should可以省略。My advice is that you (should) give up smoking.4同位语从句在suggestion，advice，order，proposal，demand等名词后跟的同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语用“should动词原形”结构，其中should可以省略。His suggestion that we (should) set off at 500 am.is not good enough.三、虚拟语气的特殊句型1It

5、 is (high/about) time (that) sb.did sth.It is (high/about) time (that) sb.did sth.2would rather (that) sb.did sth.Id rather you left tomorrow.1George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but Id rather he_more on its culture.(2010江苏，34)Afocus BfocusedCwould focus Dhad focused2The weath

6、er has been very hot and dry.Yes.If it had rained even a drop，things would be much better now！And my vegetables_.(2010北京，34)Awouldnt dieBdidnt dieChadnt diedDwouldnt have died一、用所给词的适当形式填空1Had we been here a bit earlier，we _(be) able to catch the last bus.2If you _(take) my advice，you _(cry) over yo

7、ur failure now.3I have gone through a hard time in the last few years.Really？I wish you _(tell) me about it earlier.After all，we are friends.4Why didnt you attend Lindas wedding?I wouldnt like to.It is strange that she _(marry) that goodfornothing guy.5My father insisted that every minute _(make) fu

8、ll use of _(do) the work well.二、单项填空1We would join them for dinner _.Ashould they ask Bshall they askCif they ask Dwhether they ask2My suggestion is that you _ much meat.Awouldnt take Bshall not takeCnot have Dwont have3How I want to have studied harder when I was in school.If you _，you wouldnt work

9、 late into night every day nowadays.Adid Bshould Chad Dwould 4._ he come and visit you as planned?Of course.And Id rather he _ me what he saw with his own eyes in Greece.AWill；will tell BShall；toldCShall；will tell DWill；told5_ he had not hurt his leg，John would have won the race.AIf BSinceCThough DW

10、hen6_ it rain tomorrow，we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.AWould BShouldCWere DWill7Any information about your son?No.If only I _ those tough words to him.Adidnt sayBhadnt saidCshouldnt have saidDcouldnt have said8They must have enjoyed themselves there，otherwise they _ so long.

11、Acant have stayedBwouldnt have stayedCcant stayDwouldnt stay9I hope youre enjoying your stay here.If it _ for the climate，I would like it here very much.Aisnt Bhasnt beenCwerent Dhadnt been10Johnson，come and look at the sea！It is beautiful，isnt it?Absolutely！If only I _here by the sea.Alived BliveCh

12、ad lived Dwill live答案感悟高考1B句意为：乔治打算谈论他的国家的地理，但我宁愿他更多地把焦点集中在文化上。would rather后接从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，若表示与将来和现在的事实相反的情况，则谓语动词要用一般过去时，由上句中“is going to.”可知B项时态正确。2D句意为：天气又热又干燥。是的。要是稍微下点儿雨，现在的情况就会更好一些！那样我的蔬菜就不会死掉了。由条件句中的had rained可以推出这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，但是主句有时间状语now，所以用了与现在事实相反的虚拟语气would be；最后一句话也是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故用

13、wouldnt have died。领悟语法一、1.would have been2.had taken；wouldnt be crying3.had told4.(should) have married5.(should) be made；to do二、1.A由主句的结构可知这是对将来情况的虚拟，此时从句的结构是should do/were to do/did，如果从句省略if则构成部分倒装，故选A。2Csuggestion后应用“should动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，should可以省略。3C由“when I was in school”可知是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句省略了stud

14、ied hard。 4.Bshall用于第一、三人称，在问句中表示征求对方的意见或请求；would rather后的从句若表示将来的动作，谓语动词用过去时。5A本题为与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。6B由tomorrow可知，从句应该是对将来情况的假设，此时从句的结构是should do/were to do/did，如果从句省略if则构成部分倒装，故选B。7B由语境可知，if only后的句子与过去的事实相反，故谓语动词用过去完成时。8B由“must have enjoyed”可知otherwise后的情况是与过去的事实相反的，故谓语动词应用would have done。9C由“I hope youre enjoying”可知假设的情况是与现在的事实相反，此时if从句的谓语动词用did或were，故选C。10A由语境可知，if only后的情形是与现在的事实相反，此时的谓语动词用过去时。