备战2021年高考英语一轮复习 易错题08 定语从句（含解析）.docx

1、专题08 定语从句易错题【01】关系副词引导的定语从句易错题【02】关系代词whose引导的定语从句 01 关系副词引导的定语从句（2020新课标I卷，语法填空，1.5分）Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _63_ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因

2、是不清楚什么时候用关系副词引导定语从句。【问诊】句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。【答案】where【叮嘱】先行词关系副词在从句中的作用与“介词关系代词”的关系表示时间的名词：time，day，year等when作时间状语at/in/on/during which表示场所的名词：park，place，country，house等 where作地点状语in/at/to/on which表示理由的名词：the reaso

3、nwhy作原因状语for which(1)先行词为有地点含义的抽象名词point，position，situation, stage, state, case, scene，spot 等后也常用where引导定语从句。He said if we ever got to the point where we needed to use life jackets, he would have already died of terror.他说假定我们真的到了需要用救生衣的地步，他早就吓死了。(2)the reason作先行词时，若引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，定语从句要用that或which引导。T

4、he boss doesnt want to hear any reason (that/which) you might give.老板不想听你所提出的任何理由。1.【2019江苏卷】We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. whichB. whatC. whenD. that【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。 故选C。2.【2019天

5、津卷】Their child is at the stage_ she can say individual words but not full sentences.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. what【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。3. （翻译）我出生在美国最大的城市纽约。I was born in Ne

6、w York, where is the biggest city of America.()I was born in New York, which is the biggest city of America.() 02 关系代词whose引导的定语从句（2020年新课标全国卷，语法填空，1.5分）In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike.【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是不记得关系词whose 。【问诊】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artis

7、t，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。【答案】whose【叮嘱】关系代词指代的对象及其作用关系代词指代对象在从句中的作用who人作主语、宾语、表语whom人作宾语which事物作主语、宾语that人或事物作主语、宾语、表语whose人或事物作定语as人或事物，一般用于“such . as” “the same . as” “as . as”结构中作主语、宾语、表语1. （2020江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from _ students can choose for free.A. whoseB. whichC. whe

8、nD. whom【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。2. （2020天津卷）Dr. Rowan, _ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.A. whoseB. of whomC. of whichD. which【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。_ secret

9、ary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowans ”，表示“的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。 错. 单句语法填空1The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _where_his employees enjoy their work.解析：本句中定语从句“his employees enjoy their work”不缺主宾表，先行词为atmosphere，表示“气氛，氛围”。将“in先行词atmos

10、phere”还原回从句中成立，因此答案为where。2As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time _when_he should be able to be independent.解析：分析结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词为time。定语从句为空格后句子，缺少时间状语，用when引导。句意：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是渴望他应该能独立的时候。3. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon _which_ school

11、education depends.解析：本句为定语从句。引导词在定语从句中位于介词upon的后面作宾语，故用关系代词且指代先行词the fundamental skill，因此用which。4It is a truly delightful place, _which_ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.解析：此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是place，定语从句中缺主语，故用关系代词which。句意：这真是一个宜人的地方，这里蜿蜒的小

12、路和美丽的小村庄一定和100年前看起来是一模一样的。5The books on the desk，_whose_covers are shiny，are prizes for us.解析：此句是非限制性定语从句，先行词为the books，_和covers之间存在所有关系，意为“书的封面”。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。根据语境填whose。6He wrote many childrens books，nearly half of _which_ were published in the 1990s.解析：此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是childrens books，

13、定语从句中of缺少宾语，故填which。句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，差不多一半左右是在20世纪90年代出版的。7Nowadays，school violence is a hot issue. I think this is a phenomenon，_which_calls for our great concern.解析：句意：目前，学校暴力是个热点问题。我认为这是一个需要我们极大的关注的现象。从句子结构分析可以看出，空白后面句子是一个非限制性定语从句，对前面句子进行补充说明。8The number of smokers，_as_is reported，has dropped by 17 p

14、ercent in just one year.解析：此句为as引导的非限制性定语从句。as意为“正如，正像”，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语；as在这里代替整个主句的内容；“as is reported”意为“正如被报道的那样”。句意：正如被报道的那样，烟民的数量在仅仅一年的时间就下降了17%。9Some passersby witnessed the car accident _where_ five passengers were killed, a baby included.解析：句意为：一些路人目睹了这场事故，其中有五位乘客丧生包括一个婴儿。设空处引导定语从句，且关系词在从句中作

15、地点状语，故用where引导。10“Spittake”refers to an act _where_ someone spits liquid out of his or her mouth when he or she hears something funny or surprising.解析：句意为：“笑喷”是指一种行为：某人在听到有趣的或吃惊的事情后从嘴中喷出液体。设空处引导定语从句修饰act，引导词在从句中作地点状语，因此用where引导。11Cultural shock is a feeling _which/that_most travelers experience in a

16、 foreign country _where_ they find the culture is quite different from that of their own.解析：句意为：文化冲击是一种大多数游客在外国会经历的感觉，在那里他们会感觉外国的文化和自己的(文化)有很大的不同。分析句子成分可知，两空均引导定语从句，第一空的先行词为a feeling，且在从句中作experience的宾语，因此用which/that引导；第二空的先行词为a foreign country，在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。12Tibet is such a place _as_ all th

17、e people across the world are dreaming of visiting.解析：句意为：西藏是一个全世界所有的人都梦想游览的地方。定语从句的先行词为a place，其前有such修饰，引导词应用关系代词as。13Dad decided to build a small tool room with a lock, _where_ he would keep his best tools so my brother couldnt reach them.解析：句意为：父亲决定建一个带锁的小工具室，把他最好的工具放到里面，这样我弟弟就不会拿到它们了。设空处引导定语从句；

18、修饰先行词a small tool room，并在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。14In 2014, such important reform policies associated with the interests of the general public were introduced in China _as_ almost each person could benefit from in life.解析：句意为：在2014年，关系到公众利益的重要的改革政策被引进到中国，几乎每一个人都能从中受益。先行词policies前有such修饰，且引导词作介词from的

19、宾语，因此用as引导。15We expect you to become someone of _whom_ well feel very proud in the future.解析：句意为：我们希望你将来能成为我们会为之骄傲的人。feel proud of意为“为感到自豪”，引导词置于介词of后作宾语，且先行词为someone，指人，故填whom。16The moviePompeiicame out this February, _which_ many people think brings a touching love story to the audience.解析：句意为：电影庞

20、贝末日在今年二月上映，许多人认为它为观众带来了一个令人感动的爱情故事。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the moviePompeii，many people think为插入语，引导词在从句中作主语，故填which。17Anyone _who_ upgrades their professional knowledge to a new level can apply for these courses.解析：句意为：任何将专业知识更新到一个新水平的人都可以申请这些课程。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词anyone，且在定语从句中作主语，一般不用that，故用who引导。18Then he

21、waved his hand in the direction from _which_ the woman had called.解析：句意为：接着他向传来喊叫声的那位女士的方向挥手。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词direction，且在从句中作介词from的宾语，故填which。19Will you think of those individuals_who/that_ have helped you get through difficulty when you are leading a comfortable life?解析：句意为：在你生活舒适时你会想起那些帮你度过艰难时光的人吗

22、？该定语从句缺少主语，先行词为指人的individuals，故填who或that。20On an autumn afternoon, we were sent to a farm _where_ we learnt to plant potatoes.解析：句意为：在一个秋天的下午，我们被送到一个农场，在那里我们学习了种植土豆。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a farm，且在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。. 语法填空在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。There was a time _1. when_ I was tired of learning Englis

23、h and disliked to speak English. And this is the reason _2. why_ my father forced me to join in a 30day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club, _3. where_ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted

24、to go home. Fortunately, my guide _4. whose_ teacher was Li Yang, communicated with me face to face, from _5. whom_ I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to oth

25、er teenagers and set down a series of activities _6. that/which_ we did. My father and the guide _7. who/that_ encouraged me to fall in love with English should be appreciated. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into _8. which_ I put my entire energy. Every day I will read my words and pass

26、ages aloud. In class I will join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep, I will recall my passages, through _9. which_ I can memorize a large number of new words. _10. As_ our English teacher says, “As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, we will conqu

27、er English sooner or later.”. 单句改错1Jim passed the driving test, it surprised everybody in the office.答案与解析：itwhich由逗号可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少指代前面这个句子内容的主语，所以要用which。it无连接作用，不引导定语从句。2It is such a big stone that nobody can lift.答案与解析：thatas或在lift后加it把该句看成so.that.结构，可以在lift后加it，把that引导的结果状语从句补充完整。该句也可以看成

28、一个定语从句，此时，先行词stone前有such，所以定语从句的引导词用as，as在从句中充当lift的宾语。故也可以把that改为as。3Which is mentioned above, our school still calls for many good teachers.答案与解析：WhichAsas和which引导非限制性定语从句且指代整句话时的区别。as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，都可以指代整个一句话。 as从句位置比较灵活，置前、置中或置后都可以，而which只能放在主句后面。其次，如果从句意思是“正如，正像”时，就用as。如果从句意思是“这一点，这”时，就用whi

29、ch。总之，位置记住，意思分清。4Have you noticed that small house, its roof is red?答案与解析：itswhose由逗号可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句。所以用whose代替its，its无连接作用，不引导定语从句。5TombSweeping Day is one of Chinas traditional festivals, in which people hold memorial activities in memory of the dead.答案与解析：inon“介词关系代词”的定语从句中的介词由先行词决定。on TombSweep

30、ing Day在清明节。6Believe it or not, I dont like the way which he spoke to me.答案与解析：whichthat/删去which/which前加in先行词是way，定语从句中缺状语时，定语从句引导词可以是that/in which或者不加关系词。7Henry Royce did not like his car, that ran badly and often broke down.答案与解析：thatwhich逗号后是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代先行词car，故用which。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。8

31、Are you facing a situation where looks impossible to fix?答案与解析：wherewhich/thatsituation后是一个定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，故用which/that。9She is a very nice girl whom has a dream of becoming an actress.答案与解析：whomwho/thatgirl后是定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，故应该用who/that。whom是宾格，只能作宾语。10The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite.答案与解析：whatwhich/that或删去whatdishes后是定语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，故用which/that或删去what。what不引导定语从句。