备战2021年高考英语一轮复习 易错题11 情态动词和虚拟语气（含解析）.docx

1、专题10 情态动词和虚拟语气 易错题【01】情态动词基本用法易错题【02】情态动词表推测的用法 易错题【03】虚拟语气 01 情态动词基本用法1.（2020天津卷）Jim says we _ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .A. must B. can C. need D. should【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是句子结构分析不清楚。【问诊】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must必须；B. can能，可以；C. need需要；D. should应该。根据后面的

2、“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可以”待在他的房子里。故选B。【答案】 B【叮嘱】 情态动词的基本用法(1)can/could表能力、请求、可能性(表示可能性用于否定句及疑问句中)；相关的特殊句型有：can not . too ./enough(再怎么也不过分)、 cant help but do(不得不做)、 cant wait to do sth.(迫不及待地做某事)。(2)may/might表较小的可能性；表示请求许可以及祝愿。相关句型或搭配：may/might as well do表示“还是

3、好；最好”；may well do表示“很可能”；may可以用来表示祝愿，用“may主语动词原形”结构。May you succeed.祝你成功。(3)must表示非常肯定的推测；表“偏要；非要不可”；mustnt意为“禁止”，表示“不必”应用neednt。(4)shall的用法用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表命令、警告、许诺或威胁等，语气强于should；用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征询意见，肯定回答应用must，否定回答应用neednt或dont have to。(5)should/ought toshould表责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”，还可表出乎意料的语气，意为“竟然”；

4、ought to表义务或责任，意为“应该”。(6)will/would表意志或意愿；表事物的某种性质和倾向，或“按规律”“注定会”；表示习惯，will可以表示现在的习惯，意为“总是；习惯于”。表示过去的习惯性动作用would。(7)need和dareneed“需要”和dare“敢”，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。1The only thing that I _ do was that I wished her a long life.答案与解析could根据语境“唯一能做的事”及从句中的wished可知，该空填情态动词could。2It can give us energy and

5、making us happy._答案与解析makingmake情态动词之后应接动词原形构成谓语，故making改为make。3Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys last._答案与解析mustcould根据语境“我能够让我的玩具更耐用”及found可知，应用could。must表“必须”。4So real friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests._答案与解析should后加be情态动词之后不能直接接形容词或名词，应与系动词be构成复合

6、谓语。 02 情态动词表推测的用法【2018北京】In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.A. need B. should C. can D. must【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是句子结构分析不清楚。【问诊】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定

7、。【答案】C【叮嘱】must肯定句一般时、进行时、完成时一定；肯定Jack described his father, who must have been a brave boy many years ago, as a strongwilled man.can (could)疑问句，否定句一般时、进行时、完成时可能，能够It cant be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock.may(might)肯定句、否定句一般时、进行时、完成时也许，可能I left my handbag on the train, but luckily some

8、one gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone might have stolen it.Should(ought to)肯定句、否定句一般时、完成时确定或期待，应该I shouldnt have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams.1.(2018天津高考)I cant find my purse. I might _ (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not

9、 sure.答案与解析have left根据句中时间状语yesterday可知该处是对过去事实的假设，应用“情态动词的过去式have done”，设空前已有might，故填have left。2(2017北京高考)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf. 答案与解析can句意：塞缪尔，我们班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶层的书。根据语境可知，此处表示“能力”，应用can。3You _ not have waken me up. I dont have to go to wo

10、rk today.答案与解析need根据语境“今天不上班”可知，语境表达“没必要叫醒我”，故填need。 03 虚拟语气（2020江苏卷）If I hadnt been faced with so many barriers, I _where I am.A. wont beB. wouldnt have beenC. wouldnt be D. shouldnt have been【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是句子结构分析不清楚。【问诊】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，此处是与现

11、在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。故选C。【答案】C【叮嘱】1.if条件句中的虚拟语气if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/could/might动词原形表示过去情况had过去分词should/would/could/mighthave过去分词表示将来情况should动词原形should/would/could/might动词原形动词过去式were to动词原形If I had enough money, I would buy myself a compute

12、r first of all.如果我有足够的钱，我首先要为自己买一台电脑。提示(1)if引导的非真实条件句中如果出现should、were或had，可以把if省略，把should、were或had提到句首，其他语序不变。(2)当if条件句中主、从句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为错综时间条件句，这时动词的形式应根据动词所指的时间进行调整。(3)有时假设的情况并不用条件句表现出来，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通过without、 or、 otherwise、 but for等词或短语来表示。2shoulddo .结构的虚拟语气一些表示命令、要求、请求、建议的动词，后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语

13、要用“should动词原形”，should可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词，常见的这类动词有：order、 command、 require、 request、 demand、 advise、 suggest (建议)、 propose、 recommend、 insist (坚持，坚决要求)等；以上这些动词以及其所对应的名词在涉及主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，从句谓语也要用“should动词原形”来表示，同样，should可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词。Your suggestion that the door (should) be shut when we leave is r

14、easonable.你的那个当我们离开的时候应该关上门的建议是合理的。3wish后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反时，谓语用过去式；与过去事实相反时，谓语用过去完成时；与将来事实相反时，谓语用“could/would/might动词原形”。I wish I had told him the way to the supermarket.我真希望我已经告诉了他到超市的路线。4would rather“宁愿”后接宾语从句时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。与现在或将来事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。5It is (high/about) time

15、 (that) .意为“是的时候了”，that从句谓语要用虚拟语气。从句谓语的形式有两种：一种是用一般过去时；另一种是用“should动词原形”，需要注意的是，这里的should不能省略。Its high time that we got/should get down to working.该我们着手工作的时候了。6if only从句中的虚拟语气if only引导的感叹句，其虚拟语气的结构与wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气的结构相同。7as if、 as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。It seems as t

16、hough it were spring already.看起来好像已经是春天了一样。(事实上不是)1There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _ (have) a second chance to become more involved.答案与解析had句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，我希望我有机会去更多地参与其中。wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时，故填had。2If the new safety system _ (put) to use, the accident would

17、 never have happened.答案与解析had been put句意：如果新的安全系统投入使用，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，故从句用had done 形式，从句主语system与put to use 是被动关系，故用had been put。 . 单句语法填空1The only thing that I_could_do was that I wished her a long life.解析：句意：我唯一能做的事情是希望她能长寿。所填词表示能力，此处要表达我唯一“能”做的，而且根据wished判断句子应该用一般过去时，所以填could。2Since yo

18、u have such good preparations, there_should_not be any problem about passing the coming job interview.解析：句意：既然你准备得很充分，通过即将到来的工作面试应该没问题。根据since提供的原因“准备充分”可以判断出，此处表示“按理说应该发生”的，故本空填情态动词should。3It has been accepted that all the students_shall_put on masks before going to school in case they are infected

19、 with flu virus.解析：句意：为防止学生感染流感病毒，学生们在进校前要戴上口罩，这一点大家都已接受。在第三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示规定、规则，用shall。4Now I_would_like to ask you to look at some photographs if you dont mind.解析：句意：如果你愿意的话，现在我想让你看一些照片。I would like to do.是固定句式，意为“我想做”。5Anyone_can_be in a rough life time，whether he is“Bai Fumei”or“Gao Fushuai”.解析：句意

20、：任何人都会有困难的时候，无论他是“白富美”还是“高富帅”。此处是情态动词用于陈述句中，表示“一时的情况”，故用情态动词can。6_Were_(be) there no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.解析：句意：如果没有现代通信手段，我们需要等待数周才能获得来自世界各地的新闻。由句意和主句中的“would动词原形”可知，逗号前是一个表示与现在事实相反的从句，应为if there were.。此处条件句中的if省略，把were提到主语前，故填W

21、ere。7We would rather our daughter_stayed_(stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.解析：句意：我们宁愿让女儿和我们一起待在家里，可那是她的选择，而且她也不再是个孩子了。would rather后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，用一般过去时表示与现在或将来相反的事实。8It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I_had_done_(do) it?解析：句意

22、：是约翰打破了窗户。你为什么以好像是我打破了的语气对我说话？as if引导的状语从句中，谓语动词与wish引导的宾语从句的虚拟语气形式相同。结合语境可知，此处表示对过去的虚拟，填had done。9What a slow bus this is!Yes, we_may/might_just as well walk.解析：may/might as well不妨。10I still remember my happy childhood when my mother_would_(will) take me to Disneyland at weekends.解析：句意：我仍然记得我的幸福童年，

23、那时我母亲总会在周末带我去迪士尼乐园。would表示过去的一种习惯。. 语法填空在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Drunk driving, a major concern currently, is not a funny thing, _1. which_ has killed many people and ruined the lives of many others. At present, traffic accidents become“the worlds first harm”Two months ago, after _2. drinking_(d

24、rink) a lot of alcohol, my friends uncle drove his car home. He was _3. heavily_(heavy) drunk, but he still drove home by himself. On the road near his home, an old lady was going across the road, _4. but_ his uncle didnt notice her and he was still moving on under the influence of alcohol. And _5.

25、the_ old lady didnt see his uncle, either. In the end, the lady died._6. Had_ it not been for his uncles drunkenness, the terrible accident would not have happened. If the lady _7. hadnt_died_(die), she would live a happy life with her daughters and sons. And his uncles home was also destroyed by hi

26、s uncle. Therefore, two _8. families_(family) were destroyed.I wish more people _9. could_(can) realize the seriousness of drunk driving and obey the traffic regulations faithfully. Always remember: refuse _10. to_drink_(drink) and drive, and give a safe world to you and me!解析：1thing后是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从

27、句中作主语，故填which。2after在此是介词，后跟动名词。3修饰was drunk用副词。4由didnt notice判断，该空所用词表示转折，故填but。5特指上文提到的lady，故填定冠词。6根据主句中的would not have happened判断，逗号前面是一个虚拟语气的条件句，句子的谓语应用had done形式；但是因为省略了if，所以要把had提前到句首，由此可判断出该空填Had。7if引导的是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句子，故应用过去完成时，填hadnt died。8集体名词family在此是被看作整体，此处指“两个家庭”，应用其复数形式families。9wish后

28、的从句用虚拟语气，此处表示与现在事实相反的情况，所以填could。10refuse后用动词不定式作宾语，refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”。.单句改错1Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.答案与解析：canshould或去掉can句意：一些同学建议我们去附近的名胜古迹。suggest作动词，表示“建议”时，宾语从句的谓语通常用虚拟语气“(should)动词原形”，故此处可把can改为should，也可去掉can。2We must found ways to protect our envir

29、onment.答案与解析：foundfind句意：我们必须要找到保护环境的方法。情态动词must后接动词原形。3It is true that no one should live without money in modern society.答案与解析：shouldcan句意：的确，在当代社会，没有钱就不能生活。根据句意可知，表示“能，能够”须用can。4But for the rain，we should have a pleasant journey yesterday.答案与解析：have后加had 句意： 要不是下雨，我们昨天会有一次愉快的旅行。对过去的虚拟用should have done结构。5He had telephoned to inform me of your birthday，or I would have known nothing about it.答案与解析：去掉hador前的句子不是虚拟条件句。