外研版选修八M4课时讲义.docx

1、外研版选修八M4课时讲义课堂导入在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。1The quality of someones voice and their choice of words make a person _ (instant) recognisable, even though you cant see him or her.答案：instantly2You could say that there are as many _ (variety) of English, or any other language for that matter, as there

2、are speakers of it.答案：varieties3English is spoken as _ official language in more than 60 countries _ the world.答案：an; across4You can usually tell _ part of the Englishspeaking world someone comes from _ their accent.答案：which; by5Its communication _ counts.答案：that6But in other countries where English

3、 is spoken as _ first language this is not the case.答案：a7Ever since the invention of the first telegraph at the end of the 19th century, English _ (spread) around the world.答案：has been spreading8It is estimated that 1.3 billion people will use English as either a first _ a second language by 2050.答案

4、：or9Experts _ (convince) that this will happen in the future as more and more people learn English and call it their own.答案：are convinced10English has a huge number of colourful and splendidexpressions _ may be difficult to understand.答案：which知识讲解1mattervi.重要，要紧；有关系n. 事情；问题；麻烦事，毛病；物质(不可数)Perhaps cor

5、rectness doesnt matteras long as speakers can understand each other.(P44)也许正确与否不要紧只要说话的人互相明白就行了。牛津双解Whats_the_matter_with you today?你今天是怎么了？外研I knew him when we were in collegeas_a_matter_of_fact we were on the same course.我们在大学时我就认识他事实上我们一起上过课。2019课标全国卷No_matter_how attractive they look in the stor

6、e, once I get them home theyre unfailingly (一贯地) dry, hard, and tasteless.不管他们在商店里看起来多么吸引人，一旦我把它们买回家，它们总是又干又硬还无滋味。2019江苏高考Sweet Maya, it_doesnt_matter what you “become” later on.亲爱的玛雅，你将来会成为什么样的人并不重要。2019福建高考Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters. 当发生灾难无线网络无法用时，老式的

7、电话就有作用了。2convincedadj.确信的，信服的Experts are convinced that this will happen in the future as more and more people learn English and call it their own.(P51)专家们确信，随着将来越来越多的人学习英语并把它称为自己的语言，这一现象将会发生。(1)be convinced of sth. 相信/确信某事be convinced that. 相信，确信(2)convince vt. 使确信，使信服convinceconvince sb. to_do sth

8、. 说服某人干某事(3)convincing adj. 有说服力的，令人信服的牛津双解Youll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.你要使他们相信你殷切希望得到这份工作。外研I was_convinced that we were doing the right thing.我确信我们做的事情是正确的。2019湖南高考改编The city planners were_convinced_by Ellis Chesbrough to build the pipes above ground.这个城市的计划者被Ellis Ch

9、esbrough 说服在地面上建管道。2019江西高考I dont believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to convince me.我不相信你说的，但是如果你能证明，你也许能够说服我。2019江西高考The advertisement is not convincing.这个广告不令人信服。3curiosityn. 好奇心.；the fact that Chinese culture has continued uninterrupted for more than 5,000 years is a

10、source of curiosity and fascination for people in other parts of the world.(P55)中国文化已经持续不断的发展5000多年的事实是对世界其他地方的人的好奇心和吸引力的源泉。(1)show curiosity about sth. 对显露出好奇心satisfy ones curiosity 满足某人的好奇心out_of curiosity 出于好奇with curiosity 好奇地(2)be curious about sth./sb. 对好奇be curious to_do sth. 想做某事(3)curiously

11、 adv. 好奇地牛津双解They were_very_curious_about the people who lived upstairs.他们对住在楼上的人感到很好奇。“Are you really an artist？” Sara asked curiously.“你真是画家吗？”萨拉好奇地问道。外研I opened the packet just to satisfy_my_curiosity. 我打开包裹只是为了满足我的好奇心。2019课标全国卷改编Your children need to be deeply curious_about everything.你们的孩子必须对一切

12、好奇。2019天津高考With_curiosity,_we keep asking questions and exploring the world unknown.拥有好奇心，我们不断地提出问题，不断地探索世界上未知的东西。过关演练在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式12019湖北高考David Brooks appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed _ (resistance) the temptation.答案：to resist2Its not how much you r

13、ead but what you read that _ (count)答案：counts32019北京高考One of their neighbors had written _ (complaint) about the sound of the piano.答案：to complain42019浙江高考The view from the back of the classroom was also _ (splendidly)答案：splendid52019湖北高考I dont think what he said is _ (relevantly) to the topic we ar

14、e discussing.答案：relevant6As _ matter of fact, I came across the problem in a reference book the other day.答案：a72019陕西高考Mr Holden returned home from his holiday upset and _ (convince) his pet was dead.答案：convinced82019浙江高考They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our _ (curious) abou

15、t science discoveries.答案：curiosity9The Koala (树袋熊) is unique _ Australia.答案：to10.2019福建高考We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how _ (significance), it was never taken lightly.答案：insignificant1get down to sth. 开始做某事Thus, to talk turkey means to get down to business.(P53)因此，to talk turke

16、y意味着开始认真工作。(1)set out to_doset about doing 开始着手做(2)get away 逃，离开get along/on well with 与某人相处融洽get close (to)接近get down 从下来get in 收获，插话get in touch with 与取得联系get through 通过，完成，接通电话get together 聚会get up 起床get over 克服牛津双解She cant get_over her shyness.她无法克服羞怯心理。The class got_up when the teacher came in.

17、 老师进来时，全班起立。外研The village was involved with getting the harvest in.全村的人都在收割庄稼。The meeting dragged on, and I didnt get_away until seven.会议开个没完，我直到七点钟才脱身。2019山东高考Here they are learning to get_in_touch_with their true feelings.在这他们正学着和他们的真实情感取得联系。2019江西高考In addition, we should learn how to get_along/on

18、_well with others.另外，我们应该学会如何与其他人相处融洽。2019湖北高考A smile can help us get_through difficult situation and find friends in a world of strangers.微笑能帮助我通过困难的处境在陌生的世界里找到朋友。2let sb. down 使某人失望With friends like these, who needs enemies? means a friend has betrayed your trust and let you down.(P53)“有这样的朋友，还要敌人

19、干嘛？”意思是一个朋友背叛了你的信任，让你很失望。牛津双解Dont let the rope go.别松开绳子。外研Let those cakes alone. They are for guests.别动那些蛋糕。那是给客人吃的。2019安徽高考There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some thought and then let me know.现在没必要告诉我你的答案。考虑一下，然后告诉我。2019四川高考Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin (荷尔蒙催

20、生素) is_let_out in our body in various social situations.一般来说，人们认为荷尔蒙在各种社会形势下在我们的身体里被释放出。2019湖南高考Mom! Im still your son. Let me in!妈妈！我还是你儿子，让我进去！过关演练选词填空let sb. down； get down to； as long as； lie in； in conclusion； a huge number of； tell.apart； let alone12019江西高考Anyway, were here now, so lets _ some

21、 serious work.答案：get down to22019安徽高考改编There are _ ants worldwide.答案：a huge number of32019湖北高考There is no doubt that this candidates advantage _ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.答案：lies in42019北京高考You wont find paper cutting difficult _ you keep practicing it.答案：as long as5It is

22、 also quite easy to _ British and American English _.答案：tell; apart6Im afraid I _ you _ badly.答案：let; down7_， I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.答案：In conclusion8There isnt enough room for us, _ six dogs and a cat.答案：let alone1You could say that there are as_many_varieties_of E

23、nglish, or any other language for that matter, as there are speakers of it.(P44)可以这样说，对英语或者任何别的语言而言，有多少使用者，该语言就有多少种变体。本句中含有“as many/muchn.as”结构，该结构表示“与一样多”。(1)as.as和一样，前一个as是副词，后一个as是连词，引导一个比较状语从句，在否定句中，前一个as也可以用so代替。(2)as many/much as数词名词多达；和一样多(3)英语中“倍数”表示法：Abe数词timesasadj.原级as BAbe数词timesthesize/

24、weight/length/height/width.of BAbe数词timesadj.比较级than B牛津双解He doesnt earn as_much_as me.他挣得钱不如我多。外研I cant run as_fast_as_I used to.我不如以前跑得快了。2019福建高考The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasnt discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.这次失败对他来说是一次很大的打击，但他并没有泄气，很快就变得和以往一样有热情了。2019重庆高考The liz

25、ard (蜥蜴) will take as_many_as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward.蜥蜴每秒钟向前移动多达20步。2019安徽高考Itssaid that the power plant is now twice_as_large_as what it was.据说这个发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。过关演练完成句子12019湖南高考This raised the level of the citys streets by _ (多达) 12 feet.答案：as much as22019陕西高考Dad didnt come home _

26、 (象一样早) he used to.答案：as early as3Asia is _ Europe.亚洲是欧洲的4倍大。答案：four times as large asGrammar (1)Review of adverbials状语作用和分类状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分；一般表示时间、地点、方式、程度、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、伴随情况等意义。状语的位置英语中的状语在句中的位置比较灵活：修饰形容词的状语，常放在所修饰的词之前；修饰动词的状语，一般放在所修饰的动词之后。但有些副词：always, often, usually, never, ever等作状语时，则放

27、在实义动词之前，助动词、be动词或情态动词之后。状语的构成作状语的可以是副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动词ing形式(短语)、动词ed形式(短语)、从句、独立主格结构。但有些形容词或形容词短语也可作状语，说明动作发生时主语所处的状态。1They returned, and .22019安徽高考They gave money to the old peoples home either or .32019天津高考， she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, .42019湖南高考There is no greater pleasur

28、e than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, .5.， well go out for a picnic tomorrow.Grammar (2)Review of adverbial clauses状语从句状语从句分类时间状语从句(when, while, as.)；地点状语从句(where, wherever); 原因状语从句because, as, since/now that (只能放句首)；目的状语从句(so that, in order that)；结果状语从句(so.that, so that, such.that

29、)；条件状语从句(if, unless, once, so/as long as, in case, on condition that); 方式状语从句(as, as if, as though)；让步状语从句though, although, even if/ though(即使)，while(虽然，只能放在句首)，whether.or, 疑问词ever, no matter疑问词；让步状语从句的倒装句(as/though)；比较状语从句(than)。状语从句的省略当主句的主语与状语从句中的主语一致时，从句中含有be动词，可以把状语从句的主语和be动词省略，只用连词分词形式(doing,

30、done)/adj./介词短语。62019浙江杭州一模One is to make every effort he can achieve something.72019湖南高考 you buy a present, you should think about it from the receivers point of view.82019山东高考Mark needs to learn Chinese his company is opening a branch in Beijing.过关演练在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)12019江苏高考It is so cold that you

31、 cant go outside _ fully covered in thick clothes.答案：unless22019天津六校第二次联考As a language grows, new words are introduced _ many words fall out of use.答案：while32019浙江高考Just _ a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.答案：as42019安徽高考_he on

32、ce felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on doing.答案：Where52019福建高考_ the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp.答案：Although/Though/While家庭作业模块综合测评(四).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)AThough in a digital age，college students no

33、wadays are still holding fast to traditional books.According to the National Association of College Stores，digital books make up just under 3% of textbook sales，although the association expects that share to grow to 10% to 15% by 2019 as more titles are made available as ebooks.However，threequarters

34、 of the students，who grew up learning from print books，say that they are unwilling to give up the ability to turn over quickly between chapters，write in the edges and highlight passages.The new technology has produced various options for students.College Booksellers，which operates 636 campus booksto

35、res nationwide，is now marketing its new software application，which allows students to read etextbooks on PCs.The company introduced the free application last summer in hopes of attracting more students to buy its electronic textbooks.“Now the biggest barrier is getting them to try it，” said the comp

36、anys vice president.But not every textbook is available in digital or rental format.Generally，an etextbook is cheaper than a used book，though more expensive than a rental.The expense of college textbooks has become a great concern and teachers from over 40 colleges nationwide are encouraged to assig

37、n texts that are less expensive，or to offer them free online.As the buyback price drops greatly and quickly，some professors suggest that the book stores should not have the last say and there should be something for students to decide by themselves.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。虽然现在已经进入数字时代，但大多数大学生仍然钟爱传统纸质书籍。1Colleg

38、e students prefer traditional books mainly because they _.A. want to keep the ability of reading print booksBhave the habit of turning over quickly between pagesCfind it interesting to keep notes in the edges of booksDfeel more relaxed to read print materials【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第一句“由于从小就用纸质书籍学习，因此有四分之三

39、的学生不愿放弃在章节间迅速翻动，在空白处写字，标注文章。”可知答案为A。【答案】A2Which of the following is NOT true according to the 2nd paragraph?ACollege Booksellers operates more than 600 bookstores in campus.BThe free application was introduced to increase sales of electronic textbooks.CCampus students now fancy a try of the free sof

40、tware application.DThe companys management still has to do more to sell the ebooks.【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中“which operates 636 campus bookstores nationwide”可排除A项；根据第二段中“The company introduced the free application last summer in hopes of attracting more students to buy its electronic textbooks.”可排除B项；根据第二

41、段最后一句中的“Now the biggest barrier is getting them to try it，.”可知在校学生并没有表示出对这款免费软件有所钟爱，故答案为C项，且排除D项。【答案】C3We can learn from the passage that _.A. secondhand books are cheaper than rental booksBall the textbooks have both the digital and rental formatsCthe price totally determines the students selection

42、 of booksDthe price of buyback books is determined by book stores【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句(随着回购价的急剧下降，一些教授建议图书回购书店不应该有最后的定价权，回购价应该由学生自己决定)可见目前图书回购价格是由书店决定的。【答案】D4The best title for the text would be _.AAddiction to Traditional BooksBPrint Books in a Digital WorldCMore Texts in Digital FormatDBook Price

43、 Drops Sharply and Quickly【解析】主旨大意题。文章是以数字时代纸质书籍在学生中的地位为线索展开的，故本篇文章的题目为：数字世界的纸质书籍。A项中的addiction(上瘾；入迷)不是本篇文章的中心，故被排除。【答案】BB 【导学号：72880046】There are many words unique to Australian English.Ortotrot? I came across that word while studying at a school in North Head，Manly, New South Wales, Australia，in

44、1974.It is local slang (俚语) for Are you ready (to go)? and it was derived from the sound of a carriagepulling horse.At Sydney Airport，I asked the way to the train station and he told me，“Go ask that bloke over there.”Bloke is used in Australia and refers to a person.Day and die sound almost alike an

45、d since “a”，“i”and “o” all sound almost the same，I have always told my friends，jokingly，that they only need 24 letters，and not 26 like the rest of us.Australian English began diverging from British English in 1788.In 1827 Peter Cunningham，in his book Two Years in New South Wales，reported that native

46、born white Australians spoke with a distinctive accent and vocabulary.Australian English has many words that some consider unique to the language.One of the best known is outback，meaning a faraway area.Another is the bush，meaning either a native forest.Bush is a word of Dutch origin：“Bosch”However，b

47、oth terms have been widely used in many Englishspeaking countries.Early settlers from England brought other similar words，phrases and usages to Australia.Bonzer，which was once a common Australian slang word meaning “great” or “beautiful”， is thought to have been an American term.Since the 1950s，the

48、American influence on language in Australia has come from pop culture.Australian English is most similar to New Zealand English for their similar history.Words of Irish origin are used，some of which are also common elsewhere in the Irish，such as tucker for “food”，as well as one or two native English

49、 words whose meanings have changed under Irish influence，such as paddock for “field”，which has exactly the same meaning as the Australian paddock.【语篇解读】本文介绍了澳大利亚英语的独特性以及其他英语对它的影响。5The main purpose of Paragraph 2 is to show _.Athe author wasnt familiar with Australian EnglishBthe author found it diff

50、icult to understand AustraliansCmany Australian English words are uniqueDAustralians are quite friendly to foreigners【解析】推理判断题。作者在本段举的两个例子都是为了说明澳大利亚英语有其独有的词汇。【答案】C6Why did the writer tell his friends Australians only need 24 letters?A. Because Australians speak very easy English.BBecause Australians

51、 never use “a” or “i”CBecause there are 3 letters having almost the same pronunciation.DBecause there are different ways to call the same thing.【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段前半句可知，作者之所以认为澳大利亚人只需要24个字母，是因为在澳大利亚英语中“a”，“i”和“o”这三个字母的发音很相似。【答案】C7What does the underlined word “diverging” in Paragraph 4 mean?ADrawing apa

52、rt.BHolding back.CWaking up.DMixing up.【解析】词义猜测题。根据下文所述，澳大利亚英语有了自己本土的、独特的口音和词汇。由此可以推知，此处指澳大利亚英语从英国英语中分离了出来，故A项“分离”符合题意。【答案】A8From the passage，we can know that _.A. the native language of Australia is EnglishBthe first settlers came to Australia in 1827CAmerican pop culture plays a part in Australian

53、 EnglishDPeter Cunningham went to visit Australia in the 1850s【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段倒数第二句可知，美国的流行文化影响了澳大利亚英语。【答案】CCEach new school year brings fresh reminders of what educators call the summer learning gap.Some call it the summer learning setback.Simply speaking，it means the longer kids are out of school

54、, the more they forget.The only thing they might gain is weight.Most American schools follow a traditional nine month calendar.Students get winter and spring breaks and about ten weeks of summer vacation.Some schools follow a yearround calendar.They hold classes for about eight weeks at a time, with

55、 a few weeks off in between.The National Association for YearRound Education says there were fewer than three thousand such schools at last count.They were spread among fortysix of the fifty states.But many experts point out that the number of class days in a yearround school is generally the same a

56、s in a traditional school.Lead researcher Paul von Hippel said, “Yearround schools dont really solve the problem of the summer learning setback.They simply spread it out across the year.”Across the country, research shows that students from poor families fall farther behind over the summer than othe

57、r students.Experts say this can be prevented.They note that many schools and local governments offer programs that can help.But calling them “summer school” could be a problem.The director of the summer learning center at Johns Hopkins, Ron Fairchild, said research with groups of different parents i

58、n Chicago and Baltimore found that almost all strongly disliked the term “summer school”In American culture, the idea of summer vacation is connected to beliefs about freedom and the joys of childhood.The parents welcomed other terms like “summer camp” ，“enrichment”，“extra time” and “handson learnin

59、g”9According to the first paragraph the summer learning gap _.Ahelps children to gain weightBleads children to work harderCimproves childrens memoriesDaffects childrens regular studies【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Simply speaking，it means the longer kids are out of school，the more they forget.”可知暑假影响了学生的正常学习，故

60、选D。【答案】D10Compared to traditional schools, students in the yearround ones _.Aperform better and have more learning gainsBhave much less time for relaxation every yearChave generally the same number of class daysDhold more classes with more free weeks off【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段首句“But many experts point out t

61、hat the number of class days in a yearround school is generally the same as in a traditional school.”可知，全年的学校与一般的学校都有相同天数的授课时间，故选C。【答案】C11Why did almost all parents dislike the term “summer school”？AThey cherish the childrens rights of freedom very much.BThey are worried about the quality of the “su

62、mmer school”CThey want their children to be forced to make up the gap.DThey cant afford to the further study during vacation.【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“.research with groups of different parents in Chicago and Baltimore found that almost all strongly disliked the term summer schoolIn American culture，the ide

63、a of summer vacation is connected to beliefs about freedom and the joys of childhood.”可知，父母认为这样是剥夺孩子的自由的权利，故选A。【答案】A12What would be the best title of this passage?AOpening Summer CampsBForbidding Summer SchoolsCSpreading YearRound EducationDMinding the Summer Learning Gap【解析】标题归纳题。根据第一段第一句“Each new

64、school year brings fresh reminders of what educators call the summer learning gap.”及短文的内容可知选D。【答案】DDRoom for Rent by East Jefferson Hospital in MetaireRoom for rent for $500.00 per month and $500.00 damage deposit.You will have use of the refrigerator (I have two) and the washer and dryer and the ki

65、tchen and the inground swimming pool.There is a oneyear rental agreement but can be changed to a monthtomonth after six months with a 30day notice.There is parking in front of the house which is on a short dead end street.You can contact by phone at 5044551499 or you can email me at martin 286 .My n

66、ame is Jerry.LOW PRICE：2 bedrooms for rent $499 with furniture，swimming poolAny student attending university during the spring 2019 who wants to live on campus in a safe，gated community at a discounted rate：please respond.2 bedrooms/2 bathrooms/1 living room.If a student is interested in renting bot

67、h rooms，the rate will be $479 per room，instead of $499(water all included)The original amount for the rent is $599，and with our discounted rate(less $100.00 a month)it is an affordable way to engage in oncampus life.Located near the swimming pool，public barbecue pit and laundry room.Roommates are gr

68、eat，very friendly and trustworthy.Phone：5049948139Email：jguoluno.eduLocated：2019 Lakeshore Drive，UNO campusRoommate WantedI live in an apartment with 2 bedrooms and 1 bathroom，on Lake Pontchartrain surrounded by breathtaking scenery.The rent is $1,000 per month and electric runs around $120.I am 27

69、years old and my husband is currently serving in Afghanistan.I am looking for a roommate to share rent and electric.It would be $550 per month.If interested，contact me at 9856074708.Text or call.My name is Ashley.Roommate Wanted in SlidellRoommate wanted for a 5bedroom house in great location.Bedroo

70、m is furnished or unfurnished.All utilities(公用设施)included WiFi cable w/d(无线区域网)and full use of house.Must like pets.Outside smokers are OK.9857189738，Im Julie.13If someone wants to live in the room by East Jefferson Hospital，he _.Amust pay $1,000.00 firstBcant cook or wash in the roomChas to park hi

71、s car far awayDmust contact the owner by telephone only【解析】细节理解题。根据文章Room for Rent by East Jefferson Hospital in Metaire部分中的“Room for rent for $500.00 per month and $500.00 damage deposit.”可知想租住这间房子应先付1000美元，与选项A吻合。B、C、D都不符合文意。故选A。【答案】A14A young girl desiring a good view around her rented house shou

72、ld call _.A5044551499B5049948130C9856074708D9857189738【解析】细节理解题。根据文章Roommate Wanted 部分的“I live in an apartment with 2 bedrooms and 1 bathroom，on Lake Pontchartrain surrounded by breathtaking scenery.”可知这间房子周围景色优美，符合题干要求，再根据该段的“If interested，contact me at 9856074708.”故选C。【答案】C15We can know that _.Ath

73、e house in UNO campus has a swimming poolBthe rent is $ 998 if a student rents two rooms in UNO campusCthe person will enjoy free electric if she lives with AshleyDone who likes surfing the Internet should rent the room in Slidell【解析】推理判断题。根据Roommate Wanted in Slidell中的“All utilities(公用设施)included W

74、iFi cable w/d(无线区域网)and full use of house.”可知D是正确的。其他三项与所述事实不符。【答案】D.阅读填句(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Dont just stand thereYoure rushing to work and a man ahead of you suddenly falls down and becomes unconscious on the sidewalk.Do you stop to help？In a study of bystande

75、rs，it was found that some people keep on walking rather than stop and get involved.“There is a tendency to decide that no action is needed，” says Ervin Staub, a psychologist.“_16_”Here are some common thoughts that might prevent you from helping.Why should I be the one to help? Im probably not the m

76、ost competent person in this crowd._17_ I dont want to be embarrassed.No one else looks concerned; this must not be a problem.Time and again, good and caring people fail to come to the aid of others.Why?_18_Lets say you see vapors coming out of a building.You ask yourself, “Is it steam or smoke？” If

77、 you are not sure, you look to other people for a clue about how to react.If you see other people are doing nothing, you think, “Of course，thats just steam.”You dont want it to be smoke, because then you would have to do something about it.Another wellknown deterrent (制止物) to action is known as “the

78、 bystander effect”_19_For example, if you are the only person in the world who can act to save someone in a dangerous situation, you are more likely to act.“If you spot trouble, force yourself to stop and evaluate the situation instead of walking on，”says Ervin Staub.“_20_You dont have to take on th

79、e entire responsibility of being helpful.Once you take action, most people will also help.”AThen try to involve other people.BOur society is becoming less sensitive.CWhat if the person doesnt really need help?DNo one wants to risk looking foolish in front of others.EThe first thoughts that come into

80、 your mind often keep you from offering help.FOne thing we do know is that the more ambiguous a situation is, the less likely people are to help.GThis says that the more people there are observing an emergency, the less responsible each one of them personally feels.【答案】1620ECFGA.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满

81、分30分)About ten years ago，I was on a plane going west，and a young woman _21_ and sat across the aisle(过道) from me.I noticed her for two reasons.She was very attractive，and she was holding a teddy bear about half her _22_ .I teased her by asking if she had a _23_ for the bear.She laughed and said no.A

82、bout halfway through the flight she _24_ over and told me she was going to Tucson to enter rehab (康复治疗)She _25_ to share her life story with me.She had been working as a dancer in a nightclub.That _26_ had led her down a dark _27_ to drugs and alcohol.As I listened to her story，I was _28_ at all she

83、 had gone through.I listened to all she shared and told her I was sure she was going to _29_ it.At the end of the _30_，she thanked me for listening to her.A few years later，I got a _31_ in the mail saying，“Wow，its been five years since we met on that plane.It is _32_ how you touched my life.”She wen

84、t on to tell me that she had _33_ to stay away from drugs，and had been working for a radio station.She felt she had achieved things she could not have _34_ that day on the plane.We agreed to set up a time to get _35_.When I saw her，she was _36_ the attractive young woman I remembered.She told me tha

85、t that little _37_ we had had turned her life around.She had got on the plane _38_ anything would work in her life，and my affirmation of her as a person and of her _39_ had given her the last bit of _40_ she needed to work through her problems.The young woman taught me its never too late to make a n

86、ew start in life.【语篇解读】十年前，作者在飞机上碰到了一位年轻漂亮的女士，通过简短的交谈，作者得知她沉湎于毒品、酗酒。而她此行去Tucson是为了戒毒，作者给了这位女士以鼓励。数年过后，她成功戒毒，并开始了全新的生活，这使得作者明白：只要想开始新的生活，什么时候都不算晚。21A.turnedBboardedCbentDslipped【解析】由前半句可知，作者在飞机上，因此用board表示登机。【答案】B22A.shapeBweightCsizeDleg【解析】她怀里抱着一只有她身材一半大小的泰迪熊。【答案】C23A.ticketBfriendCnameDcloth【解析】由于

87、小熊很大，所以我嘲笑她，问她有没有给小熊买票。【答案】A24A.movedBpulledClookedDleaned【解析】由于作者和她中间隔着一个过道，所以这里用leaned over说明她探过身来和我说话。【答案】D25A.agreedBlearnedCcontinuedDrefused【解析】她接着跟我讲她的故事。【答案】C26A.mannerBlifestyleCeventDfeeling【解析】每天晚上在夜总会跳舞，是一种生活方式。【答案】B27A.pathBdoorCkeyDpoint【解析】这种生活方式导致她吸毒、酗酒。a path to.通向某处的路，此处引申为“导致”。【答案

88、】A28A.disappointedBworriedCblamedDsurprised【解析】我对她的经历感到惊讶。【答案】D29A.ownBmakeCleaveDreach【解析】我告诉她，我相信她一定会成功。make it意为“成功”。【答案】B30A.journeyBflightCspeechDconversation【解析】由第一段可知，他们在飞机上交谈，因此此处用flight。【答案】B31A.caseBwordCnoteDtext【解析】几年后我收到一封信件。note此处表示“信息”。【答案】C32A.effectiveBamazingCeasyDclear【解析】真的不可思议，你

89、触动了我的人生。amazing让人难以相信的。【答案】B33A.workedBtriedCdecidedDmanaged【解析】她告诉我说她已成功地远离了毒品， manage to do sth.意为“成功做某事”。【答案】D34. ArealizedBimaginedCrequiredDproduced【解析】她觉得自己取得了以前不敢想象的成绩。【答案】B35. AthroughBalongCtogetherDoff【解析】那天我们决定约个时间聚一下。get together相聚。【答案】C36. AstillBonceCneverDeven【解析】我见到她时，她还是像我记忆中的那么有魅力。

90、still仍然。【答案】A37. AexpectationBconversationCinformationDexplanation【解析】她告诉我说我们的那次简短的谈话改变了她的人生。conversation谈话。【答案】B38. AdoubtingBpromisingCbelievingDadmitting【解析】她刚上飞机时，怀疑她的生活不会有任何起色。【答案】A39. AconditionBpossibilitiesCcriticismDdiscoveries【解析】此处指我对她戒掉毒瘾的可能性的确信，因此用possibility “可能性”。【答案】B40. AdelightBint

91、erestCstrengthDcharacter【解析】这些给了她克服困难所需要的力量。strength力量。【答案】C.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)(2019全国丙卷)In much of Asia, especially the socalled “rice bowl”cultures of China, Japan, Korea，41._ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.Chopsticks are usually two long，thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They c

92、an also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might 42._(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43._(create) special designs.The Chinese have used chopsticks for fiv

93、e thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots，44._(use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.Over time，45._ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46._(gradual)turned into chopsti

94、cks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，47._ lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC., influenced the 48._(develop) of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 49._(be) too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In Indi

95、a，for example, most people traditionally eat 50._ their hands.【答案】41.and42.be made43.to create44using45.as/when46.gradually47.who48.development49.were50.with.短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()

96、划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Dear Mr.Green，Im very exciting to learn that we will start a magazine together.That sounds great and I definitely agree you on that.Some of the columns that you mention in the letter are really my cup of tea.“Cultural Express”g

97、ive us a better understanding of the world.Since people from different part of the world have different values，its necessary to learn from each another.Apart from that，“Blurt Out” is pretty good for Chinese students to learn English idioms and improving oral English.“Entertainment”is also cool！The p

98、opular singers，actors or celebrities are so attractively that you absolutely cant miss this part.Teenagers are to fond of popular things，too.Well，I cant list more.I really cant wait to read this magazine.Yours，Li Ming【答案】Dear Mr.Green，Im very to learn that we will start a magazine together.That soun

99、ds great and I definitely agree you on that.Some of the columns that you in the letter are really my cup of tea.“Cultural Express” us a better understanding of the world.Since people from different of the world have different values，its necessary to learn from each .Apart from that，“Blurt Out” is pr

100、etty good for Chinese students to learn English idioms and oral English.“Entertainment”is also cool！The popular singers，actors celebrities are so that you absolutely cant miss this part.Teenagers are to fond of popular things，too.Well，I cant list more.I really cant wait to read this magazine.Yours，L

101、i Ming.书面表达(满分25分)随着英语在世界范围内的使用越来越普遍，有人认为如果世界上的每个人都只讲英语，一切将会变得更加简单。请根据下表中的信息写一篇英语短文，并阐明你的观点。支持反对1.方便世界各地的人们进行交流沟通2.能更容易地理解人类的科研成果3.能节省人们学习语言的时间和精力1.不利于其他各种文化的保存和发展2.一种语言不能够准确地表达各种不同文化的本质和内涵你的观点注意：1.内容要包括以上提示，可适当发挥，以使行文连贯；2词数100左右。参考词汇：内涵connotation_【参考范文】With the worldwide use of English，some people

102、 think that things would be much easier if everyone in the world just spoke English while others dont think so.Those who are for “only speaking English”believe that it is not only more convenient for people all over the world to communicate with each other，but its easier for people to understand sci

103、entific research achievements.Whats more，people can save time and energy to learn other things.But others dont think so.In their opinion，only speaking English is harmful to the keeping and development of all the other cultures.Besides，one language cant exactly express the natures and connotations of various cultures.In my view，using only one language would make our life more difficult instead of making it easier.