2014高考英语《牛津.ppt

1、Unit 4 Public transport【诵读积累】(2013杭州模拟)请以“家庭小汽车普及问题”为话题写一篇辩论稿，你可任意选择正方或反方拟一篇发言稿，词数:100个左右。正方反方1.应大力发展、加速普及2.可促进国家经济发展3.可提高生活质量4.增加就业机会5.其他方面1.不宜大力发展2.拥挤、堵车3.噪音、污染、事故多4.修路占地多5.其他理由Im for the idea that China should make efforts to developits car industry and that every family should have one or more c

2、ars.With the development of car industry,I believe that this will speed up the development of our national economy and more workers will be employed.With more cars,peoples life quality will be greatly improved,which will save time and make people more efficient in their life and work.In addition,peo

3、ple can live far from big cities or factories and go anywhere they would like to.With cars going into every family,our country must be a real modernized country,I believe.【尝试运用】词汇翻译efficient _modernized _be for _make efforts to do sth._speed up _in addition _far from _高效率的现代化的支持努力做某事加速另外远离句式仿写我们需要努力

4、把家弄干净。_随着经济的发展，中国已发生了翻天覆地的变化。With the development of the economy,great changes have taken place in China.We need to make efforts to clean the house.单词盘点核心速记1._(vt.)延迟，延期2._(vi.&vt.)(使)窒息；(使)哽咽；塞满，堵塞(n.)哽咽声，呛住的声音3._(vt.&vi.)承担，从事；承诺，答应4._(vt.&vi.)扩大，扩展，增大postponechokeundertakeenlarge5._(vi.&vt.)分割，(使

5、)分开；撕开，割破6._(adj.)每年的，一年一次的7._(n.)离开，出发；背离，违反8._(adj.)准时的，守时的9._(vi.)出现，产生10._(n.)负荷，负载；大量，许多(vt.)装载，装上，装入splitannualdeparturepunctualariseload联想串记11._(adv.)遗憾地，不幸地，可惜地_(adj.)幸运的_(n.)幸运12._(adj.)非常坏(或非常好、非常极端)的，令人难以置信的_(v.)相信_(n.)信仰13._(n.)询问，咨询；调查，查究，探究_(v.)询问，打听unfortunatelyfortunatefortuneunbelie

6、vablebelievebeliefenquiryenquire14._(n.)接待员_(n.)接待处_(vt.)接待，招待15._(n.)预订，预约；保留意见_(v.)预订，预约16._(vt.)违犯，违反；侵犯_(n.)违反17._(n.)人行横道；十字路口，交叉点；穿越_(vt.)穿过receivereceptionreceptionistreservationreserveviolateviolationcrossingcross.短语互译1.中途下客或卸货_2.联合，连接_3.每隔距离或时间_4.依靠，依赖_5.提出，想出_6.理解，明白_7.给某人接通(电话)；使经历_8.决定，选

7、定_drop offlink upat(.)intervalsrely oncome up withmake output throughdecide on/upon9.put off _10.turn up _11.fill in _12.a handful of _13.split up _14.speed up _15.arise from _推迟，拖延；使反感出现，到来；调高(音量等)填写(表格)；消磨(时间)少数的，少量的分组，分解；分离(使)加速起因于，由引起.句型透视1.as 引导时间状语从句_(随着更好的挖掘隧道方法的研制),the first railway tunnel u

8、nder the River Thames was dug in 1884.As better ways for digging tunnels were developed2.现在分词完成式作状语_(看到这种情况),a wealthy American businessman,Charles Yerkes,undertook the job of improving the system in 1902 by obtaining ownership of the many different lines and setting up the Underground Electric Rail

9、ways Company of London.Having seen the situation3.below 引导的全部倒装句_(下面是交通事故的一些主要原因)in connection with vehicles such as cars,minibuses and lorries,and what drivers should do to prevent them.4.“while+doing”省略结构Recently the number of people fined for speaking on their mobile phones _(驾车时)has increased by

10、 30 per cent.Below are some of the major causes of road accidentswhile driving5.even if引导的让步状语从句If you are with someone who has been drinking alcohol,_ _(即使只是几杯啤酒),do not allow them to drive.it is just a couple of beerseven if.语篇完形The London Underground,or the tube,has the distinction of being the o

11、ldest and most 1._underground system in the world.In the 19th century,Londons problem 2._ traffic led to the development of the underground system.Then it was 3._that the Metropolitan Railway Company could build an underground railway,which 4._up and provided the underground service in the middle of

12、 the city together with the Metropolitan District railway years plexwithdecidedlinked 5._time went on,better ways of digging tunnels were 6._,and the first railway tunnel under the River Thames was 7._in 1884.As a result,the pace of the London Undergrounds development was 8._.Later,a rich American b

13、usinessman 9._the system by setting up the Underground Electric Railways Company of London.There was some 10._uses of the underground system during World War.Asdevelopeddugacceleratedimprovedunusual1.选词填空(1)How did this quarrel _?(rise/arise)(2)He was _200 dollars for violation of the traffic regula

14、tion.(fined/punished)(3)I cant _whether this letter is an e or an o.(make out/fill in)arisefinedmake out(4)The sound of guns _the usual calm of Sunday morning.(conveyed/violated)(5)At last we successfully _the business deal.(put off/put through)violatedput through2.选用句型透视中的句式仿写句子(1)随着年龄的增长她的自信心增强了。_

15、(2)他点燃蜡烛后，就出去了。_(3)下面是对一个简单科学实验的描述。_As she grew older she gained confidence.Having lit the candles,he went out.Below is a description of a simple scientific experiment.(4)即使下雨，我们也要去那里。_(5)过马路时要小心。_Even if it rains,well go there.Be careful while crossing the road.核心考点speed up3年1考现在分词完成式作状语3年2考1.choke

16、 vi.&vt.(使)窒息；(使)哽咽；塞满，堵塞n.哽咽声，呛住的声音High prices choked off demand.高昂的价格制约了需求。He didnt like the food but he managed to choke it down.他不喜欢那些食物,但还是勉强咽下去了。I just choked up after reading it.我读后就难过地说不出话来。Liz was choking back her anger.利兹拼命压住怒气。He choked to death when a fish bone got stuck in his throat.他因

17、一根鱼刺卡住喉咙窒息而死。【归纳】补全下列短语choke _ 制约；妨碍choke _ 硬咽，硬吞choke _ (难过得)哽咽，说不出话来choke _ 忍住，抑制住，克制住(强烈的感情或要说的话)choke _death 憋死offdownupbackto2.undertake vt.&vi.承担，从事；承诺，答应He undertook to finish the job by Friday.他答应在星期五之前完成这项工作。I cannot undertake that you will make a profit.我不能担保你会获利。【归纳】写出下列短语的含义undertake to

18、do sth._undertake that._答应做某事同意/答应/担保3.arise vi.出现，产生；(由)引起；起身；起床During the night a great storm has arisen.夜里来了一场大风暴。He arose and made a brief speech.他站起身来作了一个简短的演讲。Accidents always arise from carelessness.疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。【点津】arise from=arise out of 由引起/产生；起源于；从升起，上升。表示“由产生”还可用result from。His failure

19、 arose from not working hard enough.(句型转换)=His failure _ _ _not working hard enough.=His failure _ _ not working hard enough.arose out ofresulted from4.load n.负荷，负载；大量，许多vt.装载，装上，装入(1)take a load off ones mind 打消某人的顾虑loads of=lots of=a load of 很多的(2)load up with 把装上load.with.用装载load sth.into/onto 把某

20、物装入/上If this is really true,itll take a load off my mind.如果真是如此，我就放心了。She spends loads of money on clothes.她在买衣服上花了很多钱。用适当的介词填空(2012重庆高考)Worse yet,when dolphins get too near to theboats loaded _tourists,they could get killed by propellers.更糟的是，当海豚过于靠近载有游客的船时，它们可能会被螺旋桨打死。I loaded up the van _all my p

21、ossessions.我把我的东西全塞进了货车。We loaded the luggage _the car.我们把行李装进汽车。withwithinto【点津】与load有关的合成词overload 超载；unload 卸货；download 下载；upload 上传；carload车载量；workload 工作量5.put through 给某人接通(电话)；使经历；使成功；使通过；完成观察句子，写出黑体部分的含义Please put me through to this number.()The project has been put through successfully.()Bo

22、th the boys were put through the pains they had never experienced before.()They put all the students through the important exams.()接通使完成使经历使通过【拓展】put away 存(钱)，储蓄，放起来put back 延误，拖延put down 放下，记下，平定put forward 提出put off 推迟，推延，使反感put up 举起，建造，张贴6.decide on/upon 决定，选定(1)decide that.决定decide for/against

23、 做出对有/不利的判决(2)decision n.决定make a decision 做出决定come to/arrive at/reach a decision做出决定(2011浙江高考)He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.他决定一直开车回家而非暂住旅馆过夜。He has decided on where to go.他已经决定去哪儿了。They will decide against him.他们将做出对他不利的判决。They didnt

24、 come to any decision at the meeting.在会议上他们没有做出任何决定。我已经决定买这件夹克衫了。(一句多译)I have _ _ buying the jacket.=I have decided _ _ the jacket.=I have decided _ _ _ buy the jacket.=I have _ _ _ _ buy the jacket.decided on/uponthatwouldImadedecision toato buy7.speed up(使)加速at high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全/最高速at

25、 a speed of.以的速度with all speed 以全速，开足马力reduce speed 减速pick up speed 加速The police car is running at a speed of 100 miles per hour to chase after the truck ahead of it.警车正以每小时100英里的速度追赶前面那辆卡车。The returning space shuttle fell towards the earth at high speed.回归的航天飞机以高速朝地球方向降落。(2010浙江高考)Many lifestyle pa

26、tterns do such great harm to health that they actually _ _ the weakening of the human body.许多生活方式对健康如此有害，以至于它们实际上加速了人身体的恶化。Start now,slowly at first,then _ _ _ and keep on moving.现在出发，一开始慢慢地，然后加速一直前进。speed uppick up speed【高考链接】(2011山东高考)They are broadening the bridge to _ the flow of traffic.A.put o

27、ff B.speed up C.turn on D.work out【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们在加宽桥面，用以加快交通速度。speed up加快速度；put off 推迟；turn on 打开；work out解决，锻炼，算出。8.Having seen the situation,a wealthy American businessman,Charles Yerkes,undertook the job of improving the system in 1902 by obtaining ownership of the many different lines and

28、 setting up the Underground Electric Railways Company of London.看到这种情况，一名叫查尔斯耶基斯的美国富商于1902年承担起了改善地铁系统的工程，他买下许多不同的地铁线，创立了伦敦电力地铁公司。having seen the situation是分词短语的现在完成时，表示动作发生在主句的谓语动作之前，完成式在句中作时间状语或原因状语，其否定形式是在having前加not,主动形式为having done,被动形式为having been done。Not having got any news from her family,sh

29、e was very worried.没有得到家人的任何消息，她非常担心。Having been warned of the typhoon,people had little loss in it.关于这次台风人们已经得到了警告，所以人们的损失很少。_ _ _ _,he went to bed.完成作业后，他去睡觉了。Having finished his homework【高考链接】(2012重庆高考)_ to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.A.Having been asked B.To askC.Having

30、asked D.To be asked【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。非谓语动词ask和逻辑主语I之间是被动关系，且所表达的动作发生在谓语动词missed之前，故应用现在分词的完成被动式。having been asked既表被动，又表完成，在句中作原因状语；to ask表主动和目的；having asked表完成和主动；to be asked表被动和目的。故选A。9.If you are with someone who has been drinking alcohol,even if it is just a couple of bee

31、rs,do not allow them to drive.如果你和喝了酒的人在一起，即使只是几杯啤酒，也不要允许他们开车。even if it is just a couple of beers相当于even if he or she has just had a couple of beers。even if=even though，表示“即使，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。Theyll stand by you even if/though you dont succeed.即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。_ _ _ _ _ _ all the way,Ill get there.即使我得一路

32、走着去，我也要走到那里。Even if/thoughhavewalktoI【高考链接】(2012北京高考)Look at those clouds!Dont worry._ it rains,well still have a great time.A.Even if B.As thoughC.In case D.If only【解析】选A。考查连词。句意：看看那些乌云！别担心。即使下雨，我们仍然会玩得很开心。even if虽然，即使；as though好像，仿佛；in case万一，以防；if only要是就好了。【想一想】高考中经常把even if/though和although/thou

33、gh放在一起考查，在学习中经常会把两者混淆。动脑想一想，两者有何区别？【参考答案】(1)当让步状语从句的动词用一般现在时表示将来的假设或一般的行为习惯时，通常用even though/if，一般不用though,although。She wont leave the TV set even though/if suppers on the table.即使晚饭已摆在桌上，她也不愿意离开电视机。(2)当让步状语从句的动词用虚拟语气表示与事实相反的假设时，大多数用even though/if,而不用though,although。You are not stupid.Even though/if

34、you were slow at study,you shouldnt give up your studies.你并不傻。即使你学得慢一点，也不应该放弃学习。(3)在省略了主语，be动词或行为动词的让步状语从句中，常常用though/although，而不用even though,even if。He performed the task well,although/though(he performed it)slowly.尽管做得有些慢，但他把任务完成得很好。1.postpone vt.延迟，延期The mother postponed all other business to the

35、 task of smoothing her crying child.母亲放下一切别的事情，先去抚慰哭着的孩子。The inevitable conflict was merely postponed till the next meeting.那无法避免的冲突只不过是推迟到了下一次会议的时候罢了。They postponed leaving because of the weather.他们因天气原因而延期离开。【归纳】补全下列短语postpone._.搁置某事去做另一件事postpone._.推迟某事至postpone _sth.延迟做某事【点津】表示“推迟做某事”还可用put off

36、doing sth.或delay doing sth.。totill/untildoing2.split vi.&vt.分割，(使)分开；撕开，割破The wood splits easily.这木头容易劈开。The crowd split into several groups.群众分成数个帮派。Lets split up and find the other two.让我们分头去找那另外两个。I told him I would not split on him.我告诉他我不会告发他的。【归纳】写出下列短语的含义split into _split up _split on(sb.)_分成分

37、组，分解，分离告发(某人)3.convey vt.运送，输送；表达，传达convey ones feelings/meanings 表达某人的感情/意思convey sth.to sb.向某人表达/传递某事convey sb./sth.from A to B把某人或某物从A地运送到B地convey that.传达，表明I cant convey my feelings in words.我无法用言语来表达我的情感。Pipes were laid to convey water _the houses.铺设水管是将水输送到住宅。Wires convey electricity _power st

38、ations _ the users.电线将电流从发电站传送到用户。【熟词生义】读句子猜含义He conveyed the land to his friend.()tofromto转让所有权，让给4.link up 联合，连接The two highways link up here.两条公路在这里连接起来。The two spacecraft will link up with each other in orbit.这两艘宇宙飞船将于轨道上互相连接。(2012陕西高考)Previous studies have linked high exposure to environmental

39、pollution to an increased risk of heart problems.以往的研究已发现，长期暴露于环境污染中会增加心脏问题的风险。【拓展】补全下列短语link._.将与连接或联系起来be linked _ 和有联系，和连起来to/withto/with5.fill in 填写(表格)；消磨(时间)To order，fill in the coupon on Page 54.填写第54页上的订货单订货。He filled in the rest of the day watching television.他看电视打发了那天余下的时光。【拓展】补全下列短语fill _

40、 充满，填满fill._.用充满fill _ 填写(表格等)，鼓起(膨胀)，长胖be filled _ 充满，装满upwithoutwith.单词填空(注意单词适当的形式变化)1.It can feel like taking a _(负荷)off your shoulders.2.His illness _(产生)out of the lack of exercise and his unhealthy diet.3.Our task here this week is to _(决定)on the ways to do this.loadarosedecide4.Please _(传达)m

41、y gratitude to her.5.The girl _(窒息)to death after breathing in smoke.6.They want to _(推迟)discussing it until the next session.conveychokedpostpone.根据汉语及所给提示词完成句子1.The two organizations _(联合举办)a charity event for the poor children.(link)2.These new ways of digging _(加快)the London Undergrounds develop

42、ment.(speed)3._(即使我们取得了很大的成绩)in our work,we should not be proud.(achieve)4.There are more and more family problems _ _(因缺乏)communication.(arise)5.Not knowing which bus to take,she _(向我们求助).(turn)linked up to holdsped upEven if/though we achieved great successarising from thelack ofturned to us for h

43、elp.话题写作先将下面几个句子翻译成英语，然后连成一段小短文。1.第一辆公共汽车出现在上世纪早期。2.它是最普遍的交通方式，在我们的日常生活中一直起着重要作用。3.公共汽车票相对便宜，大多数人都付得起。4.公交线路延伸到几乎城市的每个角落，几乎方便了所有人。5.缺点是在交通高峰时会堵车。【参考范文】The first bus appeared early in the last century.It is the most widespread form of transportation and has been playing an important role in our daily lives.The public bus system has many special features.First,bus tickets are relatively cheap and most people can afford them.Second,bus lines extend to almost every corner of cities,and are convenient for almost everyone.The disadvantage is that at rush hour,you may get stuck in traffic.