2020-2021学年中考英语语法专项讲解训练 定语从句.docx

1、定语从句 什么是定语？ 定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。 主要有形容词，此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。 汉语中常用 的 表示。例 a beautiful girl the noisy music什么是定语从句？一、定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫作定语从句。例 I like the book which is about tale story. Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 二、先行词：定语从句在句中作定语,

2、用来修饰某个名词或代词, 这个名词或代词叫先行词, 而定语从句位于先行词的后面。三、关系词：用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系词分关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose)和关系副词(when, where, why)。关系词常有3个作用：1.连接作用。连接主句和从句。 2.指代作用。指代先行词 3.在从句中充当一定成分。指人指物所作成分关系代词that主语、宾语（做宾语可以省略）which主语、宾语（做宾语可以省略）who主语、宾语（做宾语可以省略）whom宾语（可以省略）whose定语关系副词where地点状语when时间状语why原因状语例 This is

3、the place where they fought the enemy. Yesterday I received a letter which came from Australia.1. 先通过翻译确定是定语从句2. 找先行词，看先行词是人是物3. 看从句缺什么成分练习1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. which B. where C. what D. in which2. Mr. Smith is the man _ teaches us English. A who B whom C what

4、D which3. We all like people _ are kind and patient.A that B whom C what D which4.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. which C. what D. when5. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there6. Is this the fac

5、tory _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 7. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 8. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble.A. who B. which C. they D. where9. The foreigner _ visited

6、 our school is from Canada.A. which B. when C. who D. whom10. He often helps the students _ he thinks are not quick at their studies. A. whom B. who C. when D. because11. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those答案：1.A 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.A 10.B 11.

7、B5、whosewhose既可用于指人，也可用于指物，同时还可以指动物，它在定语从句中用作定语，修饰其后的名词。The boys whose names were called stood up. 叫到名字的男孩们站了起来。The house whose windows are broken is unoccupied. 那个窗户破了的房子没人住。对于考查关系代词whose的考题，掌握以下一点非常有用：1. 它在定语从句中通常是用作定语，所以其后通常应有被修饰的名词。例 It was an English novel whose name I have forgotten. 那是一本英语小说，

8、书名我忘了。练习1. Mother gave me a book _ cover is red. A which B that C whose D what2. I know someone else_ father works here. A who B whom C whose D that3. This is the girl _ pronunciation is the best in our class. A who B whom C whose D that答案：1.C 2.C 3.C练习. 用that, who, which或whom填空1. Alice likes singer

9、s _ write their own music. 2. Generally, old people like music _ is quiet and gentle. 3. The girl _ you met just now in the street is my friend. 4. This is the school in _ I studied two years ago. 5. The man with _ my father is talking over there is our head teacher. 答案：1.who/that 2.which/that 3.who

10、/whom/that 4.which 5.whom II. 根据句意, 用正确的关系代词填空。1. He is the man _ is ready to help others. 2. The girl _ I spoke to just now is my friend. 3. The dress _ you bought in the city mall is made of silk.4. Bill likes music _ he can sing along with. 5. This is the village _ I used to live in.6. Women alwa

11、ys like buying many things _ they dont need at all. 7. Im studying a subject _ I am very interested in.8. The girl with _ I went shopping yesterday is my cousin.答案：1.who/that 2.who/whom/that 3.that /which 4.that/ which 5.that/ which 6.that/ which 7.that /which 8. whom 注意一、介词后面只能用which或whom, 不能用that或

12、who。There are lots of things (that) I need to prepare before the trip. Do you know the girl who / that is singing in the classroom? This is the biggest fish (that) I have ever seen.二、关系词只能用that的情况: a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时, 只能用that,而不用which。例如: He was the first person that passed the

13、 exam. b. 被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时, 只能用that, 而不用which。例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? c. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which。例如: This is the same bike that I lost.d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时, 只能用tha

14、t, 而不用which。例如: I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句, 为避免重复, 只能用that。例如: Who is the girl that is crying? f. 主句是there be 结构, 修饰主语的定语从句用that, 而不用which。例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 单项选择1. I like music _ great lyrics. A. t

15、hat have B. that has C. who have D. who has2. They are talking about things and persons _ they saw there a few days ago. A. who B. which C. that D. what 3. This is the highest building _ Ive ever seen. A. which B. that C. what D. where4. I really didnt know anything _ happened to Jim yesterday. A. w

16、hich B. whose C. when D. that5. - Who is the man _ is standing over there? - Oh, he is my math teacher. A. who B. whom C. that D. which答案：1.B 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.C6、 关系副词的用法（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：This is place where he wo

17、rks.这是他工作的地点。（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。练习(1) Shanghai is the city _ I was born. A which B that C what D where(2) The house_ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. A why B that C what D where(3) I still remember the day_I

18、 first came to the school. A why B when C what D where(4)The reason _ he refused the invitation is not clear. A why B that C what D where答案：1.D 2.D 3.B 4.A1.The photo _ taken by my brother last week is very nice. A.which wereB.that isC.that wereD.which was参考答案：D2.The woman _ is the most important in

19、 my life is my mother. A.whichB.whoC.whomD.what参考答案：B3.The stories _ were written by Mark Twain are often humorous.A.thatB.thoseC.whoD.what参考答案：A4.Nowadays WeChat is very popular among friends.Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication _ people like.A.thatB.whichC.who参考答案：A5.Everyone _ has be

20、en to Shanghai says it is a modern city. A.whyB.whoseC.whoD.which参考答案：C6.I think the first lesson _ we are learning is very easy. A.thatB.whereC.whoD.when参考答案：A7.Why are you so worried?Ive lost the watch _ my dad bought me on my birthday. A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which参考答案：D8.We dont like people _ talk too much but never do anything. A. whoseB. whoC. whenD. which参考答案：B9.A friend is someone _ says, “What! You too? I thought I was the only one!” A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whose参考答案：A10.This is the book _ tells many English stories. A.whatB.whichC.who参考答案：B