2020-2021学年新教材英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册习题：UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT 过关检测 WORD版含解析.docx

1、第一单元过关检测(时间:90分钟满分:120分)第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。A(2019广东佛山第一中学高一上学期段考)You probably know who Marie Curie was,but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below,who do you think was the most important woman of the past 1

2、00 years?JaneAddams(18601935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community(社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931,Addams became the first Am

3、erican woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.RachelCarson(19071964)If it werent for Rachel Carson,the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book SilentSpring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and o

4、ceans.SandraDayOConnor(1930)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School,in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and,in 1981,the first woman to join the US Supreme Court.OConnor gave the deciding vot

5、e in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.RosaParks(19132005)On December 1,1955,in Montgomery,Alabama,Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than

6、a year,and kicked off the civil-rights movement.“The only tired I was,was tired of giving in,” said Parks.1.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A.Her social work.B.Her teaching skills.C.Her efforts to win a prize.D.Her community background.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段首句可知她是一位社会工作者,而且获得诺贝尔和平奖。故选A项。2.What wa

7、s the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm?A.Her lack of proper training in law.B.Her little work experience in court.C.The discrimination against women.D.The poor financial conditions.答案C解析细节理解题。根据“.shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.”可知,她没能在法律事务所找到工作,是因为她是一名女性,这与C项“对于女性

8、的歧视”相符,故选C项。3.Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US?A.Jane Addams.B.Rachel Carson.C.Sandra Day OConnor.D.Rosa Parks.答案D解析细节理解题。根据末段倒数第二句中“andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement”可知,RosaParks对民权运动做出了贡献。故选D项。BIt is well known that most great people are also famous people,but

9、 famous people may not be great people.As a political leader,ZhouEnlai is well known to the world.Ofcourse,he is not only a good diplomatist and statesman.ZhouEnlai was born in Huaian,Jiangsu,on March 5,1898.In 1917,he finished school in Nankai Middle School,and then went to France to learn Marxist

10、theory.In 1922,he joined the Chinese Communist Party.Afterthat,he was active in his work and directed the Party work in Shanghai.He led the famous uprisingNanchang Uprising on August 1st,1927.Then he took part in the Long March.From 1937 to 1945,he worked in South China.After the Peoples Republic of

11、 China was founded,he was elected Premier of China.He put all his heart into the work and always worked until midnight.He had no time to think about himself,but only the Chinese people.He loved his homeland and people,and he helped many children in poor family but he did not have his own child in hi

12、s life.Premier Zhou died on January 8th,1976.The whole nation was in deep sorrow at his death for he was loved by all the people.Our beloved Premier Zhou will always be alive in our Chinese peoples hearts.He is a great Marxist and communist.4.According to the passage,what do you think of Zhou Enlai?

13、A.He is only a good diplomatist.B.He is a great person.C.He is a famous people.D.He is a great politician.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“Asapoliticalleader,ZhouEnlaiiswellknowntotheworld.Ofcourse,heisnotonlyagooddiplomatistandstatesman.”可知,周恩来是伟大的政治家和外交官,是个伟大的人物。故选B项。5.What role did Zhou Enlai play in Nanchang U

14、prising?A.A guidance.B.A leader.C.A premier.D.A politician.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段中“HeledthefamousuprisingNanchangUprisingonAugust1st,1927.ThenhetookpartintheLongMarch.”可知,周恩来在南昌起义中扮演的角色是一个领导者。故选B项。6.How many years did Zhou Enlai serve for Chinese people as a premier?A.About 27 years.B.About 8 years.C.Abou

15、t 49 years.D.About 54 years.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第四段中“AfterthePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded,hewaselectedPremierofChina.”以及第五段中“PremierZhoudiedonJanuary8th,1976.”可知,周恩来从1949年到1976年这27年间一直在为人民服务。故选A项。7.What is the best title for this passage?A.The Founder of the Peoples Republic of ChinaB.Our Beloved Premi

16、er ZhouC.A Great Student in Nankai Middle SchoolD.A Great Marxist and Communist答案D解析标题归纳题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段中“HeisagreatMarxistandcommunist.”可知,本文介绍的是一位伟大的马克思主义者和共产主义者,周恩来总理。故选D项。C(2019吉林实验中学高一上学期期末)When Albert Einstein was young,he was a quiet child who spent much of his time alone.He was slow to talk a

17、nd had difficulty in learning to read.When Albert was five years old,his father gave him a compass.Albert was filled with wonder when he discovered that the compass needle always pointed in the same directionthe north.He asked his father and his uncle what caused the needle to move.Their answers wer

18、e difficult for Albert to understand.Yet he spent a lot of time thinking about them.He said later that he felt something must be hidden behind things.Albert didnt like school.The German schools of that time were not pleasant.Students couldnt ask questions.Albert said he felt as if he were in prison.

19、One day Albert told his uncle Jacob how much he hated school,especiallymathematics.His uncle told him to solve mathematical problems by pretending to be a policeman.“You are looking for someone,” he said,“but you dont know who he is.Call him .Find him by using your mathematical tools.”Albert learned

20、 to love mathematics.He was studying the complex mathematics of calculus while all his friends were still studying simple mathematics.Instead of playing with his friends he thought about things such as “What would happen if people could travel at the speed of his light?”Albert wanted to teach mathem

21、atics and physics.He graduated with honors,but it was a pity that he could not get a teaching job.8.According to paragraph 2,we can learn that Albert Einstein .A.was interested in the compassB.wanted to be a great scientistC.was not clever enoughD.didnt like thinking by himself答案A解析推理判断题。根据第二段中“Albe

22、rtwasfilledwithwonderwhenhediscoveredthatthecompassneedlealwayspointedinthesamedirectionthenorth.”可知他对compass很感兴趣。故A项正确。9.Why did Albert Einstein hate school?A.He couldnt play with his friends there.B.Students were not allowed to ask questions.C.The schools were like prisons at that time.D.He had to

23、 learn mathematics that he didnt like.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段中“TheGermanschoolsofthattimewerenotpleasant.Studentscouldntaskquestions.”说明德国学校不允许学生问问题,爱因斯坦不喜欢学校。故B项正确。10.What does the underlined word “complex” probably mean?A.Useful.B.Difficult.C.Boring.D.Interesting.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据本句“Hewasstudyingthecomplexma

24、thematicsofcalculuswhileallhisfriendswerestillstudyingsimplemathematics.”说明该词与simple是反义词,选困难的,故B项正确。11.We can learn from the passage that .A.Einstein became a mathematics teacher after graduationB.Einstein gradually loved mathematics with his uncles helpC.Einsteins uncle was a policemanD.Einstein li

25、ked playing with other children答案B解析推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二、三段内容可知他的叔叔教他如何学习数学,他是在叔叔的影响下喜欢上数学的。故B项正确。D(2019江苏无锡高一上学期期末)Nearly each country in the world has its official honours reserved(保留) for outstanding people.Forinstance,in the United State,the highest civilian honour is the Presidential Medal of Freedom

26、.InChina,there are also such official honours given to people who have made outstanding contributions(贡献) to the nations construction and development.On Sept.17,2019,President Xi Jinping signed a presidential decree(法令) to award 42 individuals the Medal of the Republic,the Friendship Medal and vario

27、us honorary titles.Shen Jilan,an 89-year-old farmer,is one of the eight people who were awarded the Medal of the Republic.She is the only person in China who has served at all 13 National Peoples Congresses(全国人民代表大会) since 1954.She is the very witness to the development of the Peoples Congress syste

28、m.It was she who put forward the clause on “equal pay for equal work” between men and women,which was written into the first Constitution of PRC in 1954.TuYouyou,who had received the Nobel Medicine Prize in 2015,was also awarded the Medal of the Republic.She is famous for finding out Qinghaosu,which

29、 has helped to save millions of lives.Before the discovery,malaria is a deadly disease to people of tropical developing countries in South Asia,Africa and South America.Therefore,her discovery ofQinghaosu and its treatment of this disease is considered as an important breakthrough in the 20th centur

30、y.Yuan Longping,the father of hybrid rice(杂交水稻),received the Medal of the Republic as well.He is known for his great contributions to hybrid rice research and the wonderful work he has done to improve rice production in many developing countries.Judging from his appearance,he looks like a farmer rat

31、her than a scientist,with his sunburnt face and slim,strongbody.That is because he always works under the sun for a long time and that is how he developed hybrid rice which produces 1/3 more than normal rice.Ye Peijian who has been devoted to Chinas lunar programme for twenty years,received the hono

32、rary title “the peoples scientist”.He is well-known as a leading scientist in deep-space exploration at the China Academy of Space Technology.12.Based on the presidential degree,.A.ShenJilan was awarded the presidential medal for the clause on “equal pay for equal work”B.TuYouyou received the Friend

33、ship Medal for her contribution to find out QinghaosuC.YuanLongping was awarded the highest Civilian Honour for his hybrid rice researchD.YePeijian received the honorary title “the peoples scientist” in 2019答案D解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中“YePeijianwhohasbeendevotedtoChinaslunarprogrammefortwentyyears,receivedthe

34、honorarytitlethepeoplesscientist.”可知叶培建获得了“人民科学家”的荣誉称号。故选D项。13.What can we infer from the passage?A.ShenJilan didnt get equal pay for equal work as men.B.Malaria helped TuYouyou to discover Qinghaosu to treat disease.C.YuanLongping has improved the world rice production by 30%.D.YePeijian has had ri

35、ch experience in deep-space exploration.答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段“YePeijianwhohasbeendevotedtoChinaslunarprogrammefortwentyyears,.Heiswell-knownasaleadingscientistindeep-spaceexplorationattheChinaAcademyofSpaceTechnology.”可知叶培建20多年来一直致力于中国的月球计划,他是中国空间技术研究院著名的深空探索科学家。由此推知他具有丰富的深空探测经验,故选D项。14.Where is the pas

36、sage most probably taken from?A.An advertisement.B.A science fiction.C.A health journal.D.A news report.答案D解析推理判断题。本文是一篇新闻报道,来源于报纸。15.What is the writer going to talk about following the last paragraph?A.YePeijians work at the China Academy of Space Technology.B.TuYouyous devotion to the discovery o

37、f Qinghaosu.C.YuanLongpings great work in hybrid rice research.D.The development of the Peoples Congress system.答案A解析推理判断题。文章最后一段介绍的是叶培建获得了“人民科学家”的荣誉称号,他一直致力于中国的月球计划,是中国空间技术研究院著名的深空探索科学家。这只是对他的一个总介绍,和介绍其他三位获得者一样,下文应该介绍他的具体工作和成就。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2019

38、江西崇仁一中高二上学期周考)The most successful people all have certain habits in their daily routines.These habits help contribute to their success.Forming a new good habit can be a struggle,but it is well worth the effort.16Setyourgoal.Before you can begin to work on your new habit,figure out exactly what you h

39、ope to accomplish.17 Make sure that your goal is specific,measurable and realistic to increase your chances of success.18Choosing the habits that are most likely to help you achieve your goal is important.After you have set your goal and worked out all the specifics of achieving that goal,identify a

40、 habit that is part of achieving that goal.Consider what good habit would help you accomplish that goal.Consideryourmotivation.Once you have identified your goal and the new habit you need to accomplish this goal,take some time to consider your motivation.19 Good motivation can be the difference bet

41、ween success and failure in terms of forming a new habit.So take your time to consider your motivation.Giveyourselftime.Forming a new habit can take a long time.Some people can form a new habit in as little as a few weeks,while other people will take several months.As you work to form your new habit

42、,just keep in mind that it may be a while before it comes true.20A.Identify ways to achieve goals.B.Find the habit you want to form.C.Good habits are sure to make you a success.D.Here are the four steps you can follow to form good habits.E.It is worthwhile to consider your goal.F.Try to be patient w

43、ith yourself as you form your new habit.G.Your motivation is the reason you want to form this new habit.答案1620 DEBGF第二部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(2019湖北荆门高一上学期期末)As a young boy,Britains great Prime Minister(首相),Sir Winston Churchill attende

44、d a public school called Harrow.He was not a good student and nearly 21 from the school for breaking the rules.22,he did finish his schoolwork and his mistakes there did not 23 him from going on to a university.He even really had an army experience,for which he was later elected prime 24.He achieved

45、 it for his wisdom and 25.Because he once refused to 26 during the painful days of World War .His amazing determination helped inspire his entire nation and was an 27 worldwide.Towards the end of his period as prime minister,he was 28 to make a speech to the students at his old school.When the great

46、 day 29,Sir Winston Churchill gave his short,clear-cut speech:“Young man,never give up.Never give up!Never give up!Never,never,never,never!”Another 30 example is Sandra Day OConnor who fought to achieve her best education.Graduating at the top of her class,she worked her 31 into Stanford Law School,

47、where she graduated with 32.Though working hard,she was 33 a woman in the 1950s.She was refused by many law firms 34 they preferred to hire less qualified(有资格的) man 35 a great woman lawyer.Yet she refused to give up on her dreams.With great efforts her dream 36 came true.Just like Churchill and Sand

48、ra,they stand for those who never give up.37,many people in our daily life simply say they want something but without making efforts.Instead,they let the fear of 38 stop them from trying.As a wise saying goes:“Its not how many times you fall down that 39.Its how many times you get back up that makes

49、 success!” With hard work,40 and preparation,you can overcome any difficulty and achieve success.21.A.removedB.replacedC.returnedD.refused答案A解析他不是一名好学生,差点因为违反学校纪律被学校开除。根据句中“breakingtherules”可知选A项。22.A.ThankfullyB.BrieflyC.PersonallyD.Carefully答案A解析谢天谢地,他完成了自己的学业,他的错误没有阻止他进入大学。根据后文的“hedidfinishhissch

50、oolworkandhismistakestheredidnothimfromgoingontoauniversity.”可知选A项。23.A.performB.protectC.preventD.pretend答案C解析他最终上了大学,所以他的错误没有阻止他进入大学,所以选C项。24.A.doctorB.ministerC.workerD.teacher答案B解析他甚至有一段军旅生涯,因此他后来被选为英国首相。根据句意和丘吉尔的背景可知他被选为了英国首相,所以选B项。25.A.energyB.expressionC.excuseD.courage答案D解析因为他的智慧和勇气,他取得了巨大的成

51、就。根据后文的“BecauseheoncerefusedtoduringthepainfuldaysofWorldWar.”可知他在第二次世界大战中拒绝投降,这说明他很有勇气,所以选D项。26.A.give outB.give offC.give inD.give away答案C解析根据“Hisamazingdetermination,”可知选C项。27.A.inspirationB.informationC.introductionD.interview答案A解析他的决心有助于鼓舞整个民族,还鼓舞了世界。根据前句的“Hisamazingdeterminationhelpedinspirehi

52、sentirenation”可知A项正确。28.A.requiredB.succeededC.invitedD.ordered答案C解析在他首相任期即将结束时,他应约前往母校做演讲。他是被邀请做演讲,所以选C项。29.A.aroseB.formedC.survivedD.arrived答案D解析那个激动人心的日子到来了。根据后文的“SirWinstonChurchillgavehisshort,clear-cutspeech”可知这一天终于到来了,所以选D项。30.A.familiarB.similarC.practicalD.different答案B解析另一个相似的例子是SandraDayO

53、Connor。根据后文的“JustlikeChurchillandSandra,theystandforthosewhonevergiveup.”可知她跟丘吉尔有相似的品质,所以选B项。31.A.routeB.powerC.wayD.path答案C解析以班里第一的成绩毕业,她努力考入了StanfordLawSchool。固定短语“workoneswayinto”表示努力进入,所以选C项。32.A.heightB.harvestC.humourD.honours答案D解析根据后文的“agreatwomanlawyer”可知选D项。33.A.stillB.neverC.onceD.hardly答案

54、A解析尽管她很努力,但她仍然是一位女性。根据后文的“Shewasrefusedbymanylawfirmstheypreferredtohirelessqualifiedmanagreatwomanlawyer.”可知那时很多工作拒绝女性,所以选A项。34.A.whenB.asC.althoughD.if答案B解析她被很多法律公司拒绝,因为他们更喜欢雇用不太有资格的男士。根据语境可知前后句表因果关系,所以选B项。35.A.other thanB.more thanC.rather thanD.less than答案C解析她被很多法律公司拒绝,因为他们更喜欢雇用不太有资格的男士而不是伟大的女士。

55、根据语境可知她被拒绝了,他们选择男士而不是女士,所以选C项。36.A.finallyB.regularlyC.graduallyD.hardly答案A解析通过努力,她的梦想最终实现了。所以选A项。37.A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.BesidesD.Again答案B解析然而,很多人在我们的日常生活中仅仅说他们想要,却不付出努力。根据前句可知丘吉尔他们是为梦想付出了努力,而后句中很多人不付出努力,所以前后为转折关系,所以选B项。38.A.shameB.failureC.sadnessD.concern答案B解析根据语境可知是失败阻止了他们继续尝试,所以选B项。39.A.deserv

56、esB.affectsC.amazesD.matters答案D解析不是你跌倒了多少次重要。根据后句“Itshowmanytimesyougetbackupthatmakessuccess!”可知D项正确。40.A.imaginationB.creativityC.interestD.determination答案D解析通过努力、决心和准备,你就能克服苦难,取得成功。根据上文举的例子可知D项正确。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2019天津河西高一上学期期末)Mei Lanfang was good at play

57、ing the role of women in Beijing operas,41.(call) “Dan”.Mr Mei Lanfang increased international communication 42. China and other countries as the forerunner(先驱) 43. spread Beijing opera abroad.He visited Japan in 1919,1924 and 1956.In 1930,he 44.(visit) America.He visited Russia 45. 1935 and 1952,wh

58、ich gained him a high reputation.During this period he knew many famous 46.(artist),singers,dancers,writers47.painters.Because of his travels,there was an 48.(improve) culture understanding in many countries.From that time on,Beijing opera was 49.(list) into the dictionary of international drama.Mr

59、Mei Lanfang50.(be) the symbol of Chinese acting art.答案41.called42.between43.who/that44.visited45.in46.artists47.and48.improved49.listed50.is第三部分写作(共两节,满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线

60、()划掉。修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2019广东中山第一中学高一上学期月考)Last Friday,just before the 66th National Day holiday,I conducted interview with James Watson,a famous American scientist,talk about how to become a successful scientist.On his opinion,to be a scientist,

61、we needed to be very fond of science.Whatsmost,we have to keep practicing as well as learn from other successful scientist.If we want to be a successful one,besides hard-working,we are supposing to set up for a clear goal as well.James Watson also suggest that every child who is curiously about scie

62、nce should make your effort to realise the dream of becoming a scientist.答案Last Friday,just before the 66th National Day holiday,I conducted aninterview with James Watson,a famous American scientist,talktalking about how to become a successful scientist.OnIn his opinion,to be a scientist,we neededne

63、ed to be very fond of science.Whatsmostmore,we have to keep practicing as well as learn from other successful scientistscientists.If we want to be a successful one,besides hard-working,we are supposingsupposed to set up for a clear goal as well.James Watson also suggestsuggests that every child who

64、is curiously about science should make yourhis/their effort to realise the dream of becoming a scientist.第二节书面表达(满分25分)(2019河北唐山第一中学高二月考)根据下面的提示,简要介绍杰出的科学家爱因斯坦。1.爱因斯坦(1879年3月14日1955年4月18日)出生于德国;2.其相对论(Theory of Relativity)闻名于世,1921年获得诺贝尔物理学奖;3.年少时害羞,不喜欢上学,不喜欢与人交往,一生中多数时间喜欢独处,喜欢音乐;4.不看重金钱,热爱和平,致力于人权和

65、社会进步。注意:1.词数100左右;2.开头已给出,不计入总词数。Albert Einstein is one of the 20th centurys greatest scientists._参考范文Albert Einstein is one of the 20th centurys greatest scientists.He was born on March 14,1879 in Germany,and died on April 18,1955.He is best known for his Theory of Relativity.In 1921,he was awarded

66、 the Nobel Prize for Physics.But when he was young,he was shy and didnt like to go to school,because he found it hard to get along with others.Throughout his life he preferred spending most of his time alone.He was fond of music,and said that he could find peace in music.Albert Einstein was a peace-loving person,giving little thought to money,and he devoted a lot of his time and energy to working for human rights and progress.No wonder Albert Einstein is an outstanding and respectable scientist!