2021届高考二轮英语语法特训学案：名词讲与练（一） WORD版含答案.docx

1、备战2021年高考英语语法之名词讲与练（一）名词的可数性：名词根据其可数性，可分为可数名词与不可数名词。一般说来，个体名词和大部分集合名词是可数的；而专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词以及少部分集合名词则通常是不可数的。但是这种区分只是大致的，原则性的，并不是绝对的。英语有些名词往往既是可数也可以是不可数的：A：Would you like a cake? 要吃块蛋糕吗?B：No, I dont like cake. 不吃，我不喜欢吃蛋糕。以上第一句用 a cake，这是把 cake视为一块一块的“蛋糕”，所以它是可数的；而第二句只用 cake，这是把它当作物质名词看待,所以它成了不可数名词。下面我

2、们按照名词的不同类别，分别讨论名词的可数性问题。(1) 专有名词的可数性。在通常情况下，专有名词具有“独一无二”的含义，因此它通常没有复数形式，即不可数。但是，专有名词的独一无二性通常是相对的，随着范围的扩大，这种独一无二性便会受到破坏。如在一个星期(week)内，只有一个星期六(Saturday),一个星期日(Sunday)等，但是在一个月中甚至一年中，便有多个星期六，多个星期日了。所以我们有时可以说：We have spent many happy Sundays there.我们在那儿度过了许多个愉快的星期日。又如，在一个小范围内，可能只有一个 Henry，但在一个较大的范围内则可能有多

3、个 Henry,因此我们有时会见到这样的句子：There are five Henrys in our school. 我们学校有五个亨利。另外，若专有名词转化成了普通名词，也可以是可数的：Thousands of Lei Fengs have emerged in China.中国涌现出了千千万万个雷锋。(2) 个体名词的可数性。个体名词表示的是一个一个的人或物的个体，所以它通常是可数的。(3) 物质名词的可数性。由于物质名词在通常情况下不能分为个体，所以它通常是不可数的。但是，在某些特殊情况下(如表示种类等)，有些物质名词也可以连用不定冠词或用复数形式：wine酒(不可数)，a wine一

4、种酒(可数)beer啤酒(不可数)，two beers两杯啤酒(可数)glass玻璃(不可数)，some glasses一些玻璃杯(可数)(4) 抽象名词的可数性。抽象名词是表示事物性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念的，因此它通常是不可数的。但是，有时抽象名词也可转化为具体名词(可数)，表示具有某种性质的人或事物：success成功(不可数)，a success成功的人或事(可数)pleasure愉快(不可数)，a pleasure令人愉快的人或事(可数)(5) 集合名词的可数性。集合名词表示若干个体组成的集合体，它本身通常是可数的，其复数形式表示多个集合体：a family一个家庭，three

5、 families三个家庭a team一个队，two teams两个队a crowd一群人，crowds多群人巩固练习：1.He invited all of his _ to join his wedding party.A. comrade-in-arms C comrades-in-armB. comrades-in-arms D. comrade-in-arm2.All the _ in the hospital got a rise last month.A. women doctors C. woman doctorsB. women doctor D. woman doctor3

6、.After ten years, all these youngsters became_.A. growns-ups C growns-up B. grown-up D. grown-ups4.The police investigated those _ about the accident.A. stander-by C. standers-byB. stander-bys D. standers-bys5.The Nazi kept those _ in their concentration camp.A. prisoner-of-wars C. prisoners-of-warB

7、. prisoners-of-wars D. prisoner-of-war6.The manager was greatly appreciate that _ made by Linda lately.A. new reel B. news reel C. new-reels D. news reels7.Marys dress is similar in appearance to her _.A. elder sister B. elder sisters C. elder sisters D. elder sisters dress8.All the people at the co

8、nference are _. A. mathematic teachers C. mathematics teacher B. mathematics teachers D. mathematics teachers9.Professor Mackay told us that _ of lead are its softness and its resistance.A. some property C. propertiesB. some properties D. property10.Physics _ with matter and motion.A. deal B. deals

9、C. dealing D. are11.He has written several books, but his last works _ well known among his friends. a. have b. have been c. is d. are 12.After he checked up my _ heart, the doctor advised him to rest for a few days.a. father-in-laws c. fathers-in-law b. father-in-law d. fathers-in-laws13.He told me

10、 _ would come to his birthday party. a. many Jack friends c. many Jacks friend b. Jacks many friends d. many friends of Jacks14.I had my hair cut at the _ around the corner.a. barber b. barbers c. barbers d. barbers15.Yesterday evening we had a lovely evening at _. a Peter and Helens c. Peter and He

11、len b. Peter and Helens d. Peters and Helens16._ receives only a small portion of the total amount of the suns energy. a. The earths surface c. The surface of earth b. The surface earth d. The earth surface17.Numerous materials are available to _. a. today of designers c. todays of designers b. toda

12、ys designers d. today designers18.Why did you speak to Peter that way?Dont you know he is an old friend of _?a.my brother b. my brothers c. my brothers d. my brothers friend19._ is a well-informed man. He can tell you anything you want to know.a. This Johns old friend c. Thats Jahns old friendb. This old friend of John d. This old friend of Johns20._ is too much for a little boy to carry.a. A bikes weight c. The weight of a bikeb. The weights of a bike d. Biles weightKeys:1-5 CADBB 6-10 BBCCB 11-15 CADCA 16-20 ACCDB