2021高考英语（全国版）一轮复习教师用书：第三部分题型二　七选五 WORD版含解析.docx

1、题型二七选五Passage 12019全国高考真题Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?We all grew up hearing people tell us to go out and get some fresh air.36 According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.37 If the air youre breathing is clean which it would be if youre

2、away from the smog of cities then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉) and your brain.Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natu

3、ral world and healing (治愈).38 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood (情绪). Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree bran

4、ches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 39 It gives us a great feeling of peace.40 While the suns rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D but still protect your

5、skin put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and thats plenty of time for your skin to absorb a days worth of Vitamin D.A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.B. So what are you waiting for?C. Being in nature refreshes us.D. Another side benefit

6、of getting fresh air is sunlight.E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care.G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.命题分析素养解读本文介绍了呼吸新鲜空气,接近大自然有益身心健康,将健康观念和意识传递给考生

7、,引导考生健康生活。该语篇结构性较强,主要考查考生分析和把握语篇上下文逻辑关系和意义的能力,很好地考查了考生的语言能力和思维能力。试题新变化选项设置没有沿袭2018年全国卷三个半句+四个整句的模式,回归七个整句的设题模式,打破了人们的猜题定式。庖丁解牛熟词生义age 常见义:n. 年龄,时代本文义:v. 使变老词块积累turn out结果是,证明是put sb. into a better mood使某人的情绪好转难句突破句式分析:句首为If引导的条件状语从句,第二个if引导的从句在which引导的定语从句中作条件状语。主句为then the air is filled with life-g

8、iving, energizing oxygen。句意:如果你远离城市的雾霾,你呼吸的空气就会清新,这空气里充满了赋予生命的、使人充满活力的氧气。【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了新鲜空气对身体的作用。36.E考查过渡句。上句提到人们告诉我们出去呼吸一些新鲜空气,下句中的关键信息the answer is a big YES是对某个问题作出的回答,由此可判断空处应是一个一般疑问句,故E项But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?符合语境。37.A考查段落主题句。通读此段可知,呼吸洁净的室外空气使身体

9、受益。因此A项新鲜空气清洁我们的肺符合语境。38.G考查细节理解句。上句提到人们已经开始研究自然界和治愈之间的联系,G项在全国范围内,康复中心已经开始建设康复花园是对上句的延伸,且下句中的these places指代的就是G项中的Healing Gardens。我们可以根据意义和词语指代这两个方面来解题。39.C考查细节理解句。前文提到Greenery is good for us,C项解释了绿色植物对人有益,且与下句It gives us a great feeling of peace在意思上衔接。40.D考查段落主题句。本段陈述了阳光对人体的好处,因此段落主题句应为D项呼吸新鲜空气的另一

10、个附带好处是阳光。Passage 22018全国高考真题 Color is fundamental in home design something youll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in. Do you want a room thats full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking fo

11、r a place to relax after a long day? 36, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37, they can get a little complex. But good news is that therere really only t

12、hree kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.138. Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less

13、expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more

14、powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.2 40.A. While all of them are usefulB. Whatever youre looking forC

15、. If youre experimenting with a colorD. Small color choices are the ones were most familiar withE. Its not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in

16、 two major ways命题分析素养解读本文通过介绍色彩在家居设计中的作用,引导学生重视自己审美鉴赏能力的培养。学生在做题过程中要根据文章结构推断上下文逻辑关系,并对文段内容进行总结概括,培养自己的逻辑思维能力。试题分析36、37、39题考查细节理解句,38题考查主题句,40题考查总结句;试题的选项可以是复合句的一部分。庖丁解牛词语积累fundamental adj.基本的;十分重要的grasp n.理解approach v.着手处理,对付complex adj.复杂的throw pillow装饰枕concern v.涉及难句突破1.本句中的that引导表语从句,该从句为there be

17、结构,且从句中又含有一个省略关系词that/which的定语从句,先行词为decisions,关系词在从句中作make的宾语。2.本句中的Whether.or paint为让步状语从句,主句中的put into it为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰前面的主语(the time, effort and relative expense)。【答案与解析】文章主要讲述了色彩在家庭装饰中的作用。36.B考查细节理解句。上文给出了不同的房间风格,第一段最后一句又说到color is the key to.,由此可知,此处指不管你在寻找什么风格,色彩是关键。37.A考查细节理解句。结合第二段第一句中的a n

18、umber of different techniques以及最后一句给出的三种形式可知,此处表示虽然它们(这些技巧)都很有用,但它们可能有一点复杂,故A项符合语境。38.D考查主题句。第二段最后一句出现了the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones,第三段提到了small color choices,由此可知,空处所在段主要在讲the small ones,故选D。39.G考查细节理解句。第四段中提到了a bigger commitment than smaller ones和a more powerful effect,由此可知,此

19、处是和上文中的small color choices作对比,故选G。40.F考查总结句。第五段第二句提到了the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant,由此可知,此处意在强调所投入的时间、精力和费用是巨大的,由此可推知选F。方法2 词汇同现法 典例12018全国 If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the t

20、ime to work out.36 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.37Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start.38 If you work out in the mornings,

21、 then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when yo

22、u are very excited.40 If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.There are a lot of benefits of wor

23、king out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.A. You will stick to your diet.B. Your quality of sleep improves.C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morni

24、ng.E. You can keep your head clear for 410 hours after exercise.F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!【答案与解析】本文从生产效率、新陈代谢、睡眠质量和饮食习惯四个方面介绍了晨练给人们带来的好处。36.G空后一句及接下来的段落是在讲晨练的好处,所以G项如果

25、你计划经常锻炼,或者你现在正在锻炼,那就注意听!符合语境。37.E根据空前的两句(你的生产效率提高了。锻炼让你更清醒,并准备好应付一天中摆在你面前的一切)可知,此空应选E项锻炼后你可以保持头脑清醒410个小时。【词汇复现】空前的makes you more awake与E项中的keep your head clear所表达的意思相近,为同义短语复现。38.F空后的getting the calorie(卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day与F项中的burn calories throughout the day意思一致,故答案为F项在你锻炼之后,你一整

26、天都在持续消耗卡路里。【词汇同现】空后的calorie(卡路里) burning与F项中的burn calories相照应,属于同一词汇搭配范畴的词汇同现。39.B此空是本段的中心句,本段主要讲了晨练对睡眠的益处,所以选B项你的睡眠质量提高了。空后一句中的slept better是关键信息。40.A根据本段中的stick to healthy food choices与A项中的stick to your diet可知,此空应选A项你会坚持你的饮食(习惯)。方法5 逻辑关系线索法 典例2Fiction books tend to be much more popular than self-im

27、provement books. Fiction books are designed and written in such a way as inspires you to continue reading them. Non-fiction books in the self-improvement field are intended to help you settle a problem or reach a specific goal. In most cases, these types of books arent written in the form of stories

28、.1 Self-improvement books can open up all kinds of future chances for you. Youll learn new things, be inspired, and develop a deep love for practical knowledge and wisdom. 2 Youll be able to use the ideas and advice that you learn in your daily life. And once you do this, youll be likely to get posi

29、tive results. 3 The secret is to understand your present situation and to have a clear vision of what you hope to achieve in the future. The ideal self-improvement book will be one that fits your present needs.4 In this way, you can identify all the problems youre facing. Once youve recognized a pro

30、blem, try to figure out the cause behind it. Then keep the problem and the cause in mind when you come to choose a book. A keyword search of an online booksellers listing will usually throw up dozens or even hundreds of results.5 For example, you can read the foreword, look at comments and consider

31、whether the book can give you the answers you need. The whole process may take you some time but itll be worth it.A.And whats the most exciting thing? B.So you need to take a good look at yourself and your life. C.They read specifically for self-improvement and success. D.Then, how can we choose a r

32、ight self-improvement book? E.This leads many people to believe the books are boring to read. F.After picking the book, keep your desired answer in mind as you read. G.However, there are many things you can do to narrow these results down. 【答案与解析】本文介绍了读自我提升类书籍的诸多好处,并说明了如何选择一本合适的自我提升类书籍。1.E第一段介绍了两类书籍

33、:fiction books和self-improvement books。fiction books的设计和写作方式可以鼓励读者继续读下去,更受读者欢迎;self-improvement books大多情况下不是故事体。空格处应该承接前文,说明读者不太喜欢self-improvement books,与fiction books形成对比,E项符合语境,其中的This指代前面所说内容,与其合理衔接。2.A通读段落,由段落中的关键信息open up all kinds of future chanceslearn new things,be inspired,and develop a deep

34、 love for practical knowledge and wisdomuse the ideas and advicein your daily lifeget positive results可以概括出,该段详细介绍了读self-improvement books的诸多好处,空格处承接上文,衔接下文,A项在逻辑和语境上均符合。3.D空格后的一句说秘诀在于了解你目前的处境,并对你希望在未来取得的成就有一个清晰的构想,D项那么,我们如何才能选择一本合适的自我提升类书籍与之呼应,且D项作为段落主题句统领下文。4.B空格后语境的逻辑链条为:identify all the problems

35、 youre facingfigure out the causekeep the problem and the cause in mindchoose a book。B项中的take a good look at yourself and your life(好好审视自己和自己的生活)是发现自己面临的所有问题,进而弄清楚原因,再由此找到适合自己的书的前提,与下文的In this way合理衔接。5.G关键字搜索通常会产生几十项甚至数百项结果,一些办法如读前言、查看评论等可以把结果的范围缩小。G项中的many things 与本段中For example后列举的方法呼应,且与上下文语境合理衔

36、接。Passage 12019全国In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. 36 While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑) of each to their particular circumst

37、ance.Dos37Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus(教学大纲) and learning management system information to be sure the answer isnt hiding in plain sight.Participate in discussion forums (论坛), blogs and other open-ended for

38、ums for dialogue. 38 Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.DontsDont share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadlin

39、e extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. 39Dont openly express annoyance at a professor or class. 40 When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professors professionalism or ab

40、ility, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.A. Thats what they are for.B. Turn to an online instructor for help.C. If more information is needed, they will ask.D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.E. Below are some common dos and donts for online l

41、earners.F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.Passage 22019北京Much of the work in todays world is accomplished(完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of t

42、he most talented individuals. 46 Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent?47 They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point w

43、here 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the teams performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isnt evident in baseball,where additional individual talent keeps improving the teams performance.To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a go

44、od performance by a team requires its members to coordinate (协调) their actions. 48 In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual tal

45、ent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the teams performance. Young children

46、learning to play team sports are often told, There is no I in TEAM. 49Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.50 An A-team m

47、ay require a balance not just A players, but a few generous B players as well.A. Its not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers attention.D. Stars apparently

48、do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.Passage 32018浙

49、江Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood. The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. 31Perhaps one of the mo

50、st important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property (房产) neat, clean, and in good repair. 32 By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously. Wh

51、en going for a walk, take along a small garbage bag. 33 This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.34 If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping. Let them know that y

52、ou are there to help in any way that is acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.35 By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor

53、 that everyone appreciates.A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.B. A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.

54、E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.F. People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.Passage 42017丙卷(全国)Lots of people find it hard to get u

55、p in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock. 36 Heres how to make one.37 In order to make a change, you need to decide why its important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in so

56、me exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast

57、with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags. 38 Thats a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If youre tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound w

58、onderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. 39Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of yourefforts and write down how you feel. After youve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 40 If not, ta

59、ke another look at other methods you could try.A. Get a sleep specialist.B. Find the right motivation.C. A better plan for sleep can help.D. And consider setting a second alarm.E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.G. Recons

60、ider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.Passage 52016甲卷(全国)A garden thats just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 36. But it doesnt happen by acci

61、dent. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.37Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening meth

62、ods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 38.However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.Recall(回忆)your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandmas ro

63、se garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad, but thats not whats important. 39 how being in those gardens made us feel. If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.40. Then go outside and work out a plan to transl

64、ate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun. A. Know why you garden B. Find a good place for your own garden C. Its our experience of the garden that matters D. Its delightful to see so many beautiful flowersE. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsF. Yo

65、u can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, tooG. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have336【习思用过关检测答案速查】Passage 1EGACFPassage 2BEGDFPassage 3GFEBCPassage 4CBGFEPassage 5FAECGPassage 1本文介绍的是在网络课程中如何与教授建立健康有益的互动交流。36.E本空承接上句中的patterns,呼应下句中的 two of each。

66、故选E。37.G本空应填入该段的主题句。下文围绕 questions一词展开,故选G。38.A前一句中提及discussion forums, blogs和other open-ended forums等交流方式,A项中的they指代这些交流方式,符合语境。39.C本段主要讲不要和教授分享私人信息或故事,故C项如果需要更多的信息,他们将会询问符合语境。40.F本空为过渡句。根据该段内容,再结合下文中的a concern about a professors professionalism or ability可知,此处选F项,表示每个人都曾上过不太满意的在线课程,很好地衔接了上下文。Passa

67、ge 2研究表明,一支优秀的团队需要一种平衡,不仅需要优秀人才,也需要普通人才。46.B根据上文可知,大多数人认为组建优秀团队的最好方式是将一群最有才能的个体聚集在一起;根据下文可知,公司花费巨资雇用商界精英。据此可以判断,B项体育团队的老板花费数百万美元以吸引最优秀的人才符合语境。47.EE项中的recent studies与下文中的results和researchers呼应。48.GG项中的This task interdependence指代空前提到的研究人员的研究内容,且G项就是对前面提到的this phenomenon的解释。49.D根据前文所举的体育明星的例子可知,空处所填内容与体

68、育明星有关;且D项中的this basic principle of sportsmanship指的就是空前的There is No I in TEAM,故D项正确。50.F通读全文可知,空处为全文的总结句。由空后一句可知,一支优秀的团队可能需要一种平衡:既要有优秀的选手,也要有几个一般的选手。故F项组建一个理想的团队比简单地雇用最优秀的人才更复杂符合语境。Passage 3本文是一篇应用文,主要介绍了快速融入新的社区的几个窍门。【段意梳理】第一段:开门见山,引出话题如何快速融入新社区。第二至五段:分条叙述,阐释要点几个有效的窍门。31.G本空承上启下。根据前一句The easiest way

69、 to.a good neighbor should, 同时结合下文几段的具体做法可知,G项这里有几个能帮你在社区中快速获得大家的支持的窍门能很好地起到过渡作用,所以选G项。32.F由上文的keep your property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair和下文的in great shape可知,本段讲的是要把自己的房前屋后整理干净,保持良好状况,成为一个好邻居,从而赢得邻居的尊重,故F项符合语境。33.E由上文提到的When.a small garbage bag和下文的This small act.care about the area可知,出门时

70、要随身带一个小垃圾袋,保持社区的卫生,所以E项与上下文的信息连接顺畅。34.B本空是段落主题句。由下文的offer to collect mail and newspapers offer to do the grocery shopping you are there to help可知,乐于助人,给邻居提供举手之劳的帮助,这也是赢得邻居的尊重和快速融入社区的窍门,所以B项能概括本段内容。35.C本空是段落主题句。根据下文的respecting others, taking care of.in general(尊重他人,照管好自己的物品,以社区的整体面貌为荣)可知,C项成为一个好邻居或多或

71、少与为他人着想的行为有关能概括本段内容。Passage 4本文是一篇说明文,介绍了如何制订计划调整生物钟,养成早睡早起的好习惯。36.C空后说以下是如何制订一个(计划),代词one指代计划一词,因此本空选C项。37.B空后谈到要改变,先要清楚为什么做出改变很重要;后面谈到一旦明白了其中的原因,就告诉你的家人或室友你想做出的改变。由此可以推断出本段主要在说找到合适的动机,因此本空选B项。38.G本段最后一句谈到如果买有计时器的咖啡机(自己弄咖啡),可以多睡15分钟,因此前一句应该与咖啡有关,本空选G项。39.F本段谈到周末睡觉、起床的时间应该和平常一致,周末多睡实际上会增加接下来一周内的睡意。F

72、项中的no matter the day指的就是周末也应该和工作日的作息一致。因此本空选F项。40.E本段谈到对自己所做的计划要记录、评价和调整。本空后的If not说明前面讨论的是计划有效就应该坚持,因此选E项。Passage 5本文是一篇说明文,介绍了如何种植一个正好适合你的花园。36.F根据文章首句及下文中的But it doesnt happen by accident可知,F项You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too符合语境。37.A根据下文中的a number of other reas

73、ons that might explain why you want to garden可知,本段的主题应与你想要种植花木的原因有关,故选A项。38.E根据上文中的Some people may think.和Others are concerned about.可知,此处表达的是人们种植花木的不同原因,而E项中的Still others may simply enjoy.与上下文衔接自然,故选E项。39.C根据上文中的.but thats not whats important和下文中的how being in those gardens made us feel可知,此处讲的应是什么是重要的,故C项符合语境。40.G上文中的the gardens of your youth以及下文中的your childhood memories与G项中的those gardens和the strongest memory you have相呼应,故选G项。