江苏房山高级中学鳕2020-2021学年高二下学期英语开学摸底考试(新高考)PDF版含答案.pdf
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1、2020-2021 学年高二下学期英语开学摸底考试(新高考)本试卷满分 120 分,考试时间 100 分钟。第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分 50 分)第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 37.5 分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中,选出最佳选项。AWelcome to MACHU PICCHU!Often considered as The Lost City of the Incas,Machu Picchu is probably the most familiarsymbol of the Inca Empire(印加帝国).It was bui
2、lt around the year 1450,but abandoned ahundred years later,at the time of the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire.Forgotten forcenturies,the site was brought to worldwide attention in 1911 by Hiram Bingham,an Americanhistorian.Since then,Machu Picchu has become an important tourist attraction.It was
3、announced a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983.It is also one of the New Seven Wonders ofthe World.But it has recently come to light that the site may have been discovered and robbedsecretly as early as in 1867 by a German businessman,Augusto Berns.About 7,000 feet above sea level and located on a s
4、mall hilltop between the Andean mountainrange,the majestic city rises above the Urabamba Valley below.Separated into threeareasfarming areas,urban areas,and religious areasthe structures are arranged so that thefunction of the buildings matches the forms of their surroundings.The agricultural terrac
5、ing andditches(梯田和沟渠)take advantage of the natural slopes;the lower areas contain buildingsoccupied by farmers and teachers,and the most important religious areas are located at the crestof the hill,overlooking the fresh green Urabamba Valley thousands of feet below.Hikers,tourists,and the early exp
6、lorers describe similar emotions as they climb their waythrough the Inca Trail.Many call the experience magical and say the area creates a wonderfulgreen paradise,making it a must for anyone who travels to Peru.1.What can we learn about Augusto Berns from the passage?A.He reported his finding to the
7、 government in time.B.He was the first one who discovered the ruins of Machu Picchu.C.He helped make Machu Picchu a UNESCO World Heritage site.D.He worked together with Bingham on the research into Machu Picchu.2.When did Machu Picchu become an important tourist attraction?A.After Hiram Bingham foun
8、d the ruins.B.After Spanish conquered the Inca Empire.C.After it was named a UNESCO World Heritage site.D.After Augusto Berns work became known to the public.3.Which word can replace the underlined word crest in the second paragraph?A.Bottom.B.Centre.C.Valley.D.Top.BBorn in London in 1825,Thomas Hen
9、ry Huxley was one of the greatest men of the nineteenthcentury.In 1846,Thomas Henry Huxley was appointed an assistant doctor aboard HMSRattlesnake.The ship had been asked to survey areas of the Great Barrier Reef and theneighboring seas.This gave Thomas Henry Huxley an opportunity to study animal li
10、fe and wasthe start of his biological career.The voyage lasted four years,during which time he gatheredmuch information on plankton(浮游生物).On his return from the voyage,Thomas Henry Huxley was made a member of the RoyalSociety in recognition of his scientific work.Although he continued to publish pap
11、ers aboutplankton,his interest was turning towards vertebrate(有脊椎的)animals.For some time ThomasHenry Huxley and his workmates had been discussing the possibility that animal species hadevolved(进化),one from another.No satisfactory theories had been put forward,but in 1859Darwins The Origin of Species
12、 appeared.Thomas Henry Huxley at once realized its importanceand how the theory of natural selection provided the working hypothesis(假说)we sought.For the rest of his life Thomas Henry Huxley struggled to ensure the full recognition ofDarwins work.In 1863,Thomas Henry Huxley published Mans Place in N
13、ature in which hecompared man and great apes(猿).He clearly showed similarities.Despite his many achievements,he was given no award by the British state until late in his life.From about 1870,Thomas Henry Huxley was too involved in other things to continue actualresearch.He had always been interested
14、 in education.He pioneered the teaching of biology andhis method of selecting type animals is still followed today.He spent the last ten years of his lifewriting essays mainly on biology.4.Why did Huxley go on the voyage?A.To explore the deep sea.B.To do research on sea animals.C.To work as a doctor
15、 on the ship.D.To gather information for his paper.5.How did Huxley react to the theory of natural selection?A.He had doubt about it.B.He thought highly of it.C.He couldnt understand it.D.He thought he developed it first.6.What do we know about Huxleys book Mans Place in Nature?A.It discusses the im
16、portance of human beings.B.It focuses on Darwins theory of natural selection.C.It talks about the differences between man and apes.D.It provides evidence about the evolution of man from apes.7.What can we learn about Huxley from the last paragraph?A.He contributed a lot to biology teaching.B.He cont
17、inued his research till his death.C.He became a good novelist late in his life.D.He never got awards for his achievements.CThe next time you make yourself a hot cup of tea or coffee,you might want to let it cool downa bit before drinking.Researchers say letting your hot drinks cool off could help yo
18、u avoid somekinds of cancer.In fact,the United Nations cancer research agency decides to list hot drinks with lead,gasoline and exhaust fumes as possibly carcinogenic(致癌的).In other words,each one couldcause cancer.Researchers at the International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)found evidence tha
19、tdrinks at temperatures above 65 degrees Celsius,when swallowed,can cause cancer of theesophagus(食道).The researchers examined findings from other studies where tea and coffee were often servedat 70 degrees Celsius or above.Those studies were completed in China and South America.Indeveloped countries
20、,health experts have linked esophageal cancer to smoking and alcoholicdrinks.However,this form of cancer is more common in areas where people have drinks at very hightemperatures.In Europe and the United States,many people drink coffee and tea at temperatures around 60degrees Celsius.And they often
21、add milk which lowers the temperature considerably.However,tea-drinkers in South America often enjoy their beverages at closer to 70 degrees Celsius.In 1991,the World Health Organization(WHO)listed coffee as possibly carcinogenic.WHOofficials have since changed their position on that listing.They no
22、w suggest that the temperatureof your hot drink is a greater risk factor than the actual drink itself.Christopher Wild is the director of the IARC.He said that the results suggest that drinking veryhot beverages is one probable cause of esophageal cancer and that it is the temperature,ratherthan the
23、 drinks themselves,that appears to be responsible.8.Who most probably suffers from cancer of the esophagus?A.A girl who likes cold milk.B.A man who drinks very hot tea.C.A woman who likes coffee.D.A man who works at IARC.9.Why did the WHO remove coffee from possibly carcinogenic list?A.People dont l
24、ike coffee any longer.B.People drink coffee at 60 degrees Celsius.C.Coffee has nothing to do with cancer.D.Temperature is more dangerous than coffeeitself.10.How does the author mainly support the theme of the text?A.By studying examples.B.By starting arguments.C.By providing research results.D.By e
25、xplaining statistical data.11.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Hot Drinks Linked to CancerB.Reduce Having Hot DrinksC.Danger of Drinking Hot DrinksD.Healthy DrinksDA facial recognition app,recently developed by scientists,will make it easier to identifypandas.Wan Yongqing,a Beijing photog
26、rapher,visits Sichuan Province to take photos of pandas everyother year.He has watched them for more than a decade.My friends say Im a big panda fan.Itis a shame that I find all pandas look the same,with black eyes and white fur.It does not matteras all the pandas are cute to me,he said.Yet,identify
27、ing one panda from another does matter to researchers,according to Zhang Zhihe,chief of the Chengdu panda research base.Identifying individual pandas is important for conservation management and research.Forcaptive(被圈养的)pandas,it is important for their daily feeding schedules,family backgroundand da
28、ta management.For wild pandas,it helps researchers study their population structure andprovides scientific support for their protection and management,he said.China has carried out four scientific surveys on wild pandas,and now has a big databank aboutthem.The number of wild pandas in China is mostl
29、y known.However,it is still difficult todetermine the age,sex,health and other specific information about the population.Its difficult to track and watch the structure because wild pandas tend to live alone,deep inthe mountains,and their living environment is vast,Zhang added.In 2017,the Chengdu bas
30、e began researching individual panda identification technology byanalyzing images.Over the past two years,they have built a databank of more than 120,000images,over 1,000 video clips,and completed organizing nearly 10,000 images.Using the databank,researchers have started a facial recognition app th
31、at can accuratelyrecognize captive pandas by analyzing and comparing the unique features of panda faces.Panda researchers hope the data and AI technology will help them analyze data for bothcaptive and wild pandas.12.How does Wan Yongqing feel about the pandas?A.They are boring to him.B.They seem at
32、tractive to him.C.They are easy to recognize.D.They look different to him.13.Why is it important to identify individual captive pandas?A.It is helpful for further research and data management.B.It is useful for studying their population structure.C.It provides proof that they need protection in the
33、wild.D.It helps researchers build up their living environment.14.What makes it difficult to track and watch wild pandas?A.They only live in a small area.B.They dont leave enough tracks.C.They are difficult to see in the forest.D.They live alone deep in the mountains.15.What is necessary for the faci
34、al recognition app to work well?A.The databank of pandas.B.The structure of pandas.C.The invention of AI technology.D.The unique features of panda faces.第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 12.5 分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The American company Amazon has launched a store that does not require you
35、to stand in acheckout line or someone to process your payment._16_ People with the app can enterthe store,choose the products they want and then leave the store with them.The company opened its first Amazon Go store this week in the state of Washington,aftermore than a year of testing.You first need
36、 to download the Amazon Go app._17_ Onceinside,hundreds of cameras and electronic sensors follow peoples movements and record all theproducts chosen.The products are then placed in the apps virtual shopping cart.In other words,the appremembers everything chosen by the customer.If you decide against
37、buying one or moreproducts before leaving the store,_18_ The system is powered by artificial intelligenceor AI technology.At the end of the visit,the customer just walks out of the store with all the desired products.Payment is made automatically through the app,which is linked to the buyers credit
38、card.Thefirst Amazon Go is a small food market,selling mainly ready-to-eat products and drinks._19_Even though there is no need for cashiers to take payments,_20_ Some prepare food,while others refill product supplies and assist customers.Amazon has yet to announce plans for additional Go stores.Las
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