2023一轮复习提分小卷一解析 .docx

1、2023一轮复习提分小卷一（限时检测40）解析第一部分、阅读（共7小题：每小题2分，满分14分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（宁夏银川市第六中学2021届高三第三次模拟考试） Monarch butterflies(黑脉金斑蝶) are a common summer sight in the northern United States and Canada. These large orange and black insects brighten parks and gardens as they fly lightly among the flow

2、ers. What makes monarchs particularly interesting is that they migrateall the way to California or Mexico and back. They are thought to be the only insect that does this.Every year in the late summer monarchs begin their journey to the south. Those heading for Mexico go first for the Louisiana-Missi

3、ssippi area, then fly across the Gulf of Mexico into Texas. Once in Mexico, they settle themselves in one of about fifteen places in a mountain forests filled with fir tress. Each place provides a winter home for millions of monarchs. The butterflies are so many that they often cover entire trees. W

4、hen spring comes, they begin their long journey north.The question is often asked whether every butterfly makes the round-trip journey every year. And the answer is no. The average monarch lives about nine months. So one flying north might lay eggs in Louisiana and then die. The eggs of that generat

5、ion may be found in Kentucky; the eggs of the next generation may end up in Wisconsin or Michigan. The last generation of the season, about the fourth, will make their way back to Mexico and restart the journey.Scientist learn about monarchs migration by catching and making marks on the insects. By

6、recatching a monarch with such a mark and noticing where it came from, the next scientist can get to know things like the butterflys age and its routing.1One of the places where monarchs spend the winter is _.Athe Gulf of MexicoBan area in MississippiCa forest in MexicoDa plain in Texas2The routing

7、of monarchs migration can be learned _.Aby examining the marks made on themBby collecting their eggs in the mountainsCby comparing their eggs in their different agesDby counting the dead ones in the forest3What is the subject discussed in the passage?AMigration of monarch.BScientists interest in mon

8、archs.CWinter home of monarchs.DLife and death of monarchs.【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黑脉金斑蝶会进行迁徙，它们被认为是唯一会这样做的昆虫。文章说明了这种蝴蝶迁徙的路线和习性等信息。1【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Once in Mexico, they settle themselves in one of about fifteen places in a mountain forests filled with fir tress. Each place provides a winter home fo

9、r millions of monarchs.(一到墨西哥，他们就定居在长满冷杉的山地森林中大约15个地方之一。每个地方都为数百万的黑脉金斑蝶提供了一个冬天的家)”可知，墨西哥的森林是黑脉金斑蝶过冬的地方之一。故选C。2【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Scientist learn about monarchs migration by catching and making marks on the insects. By recatching a monarch with such a mark and noticing where it came from, the next

10、 scientist can get to know things like the butterflys age and its routing.(科学家通过捕捉这种昆虫并在它们身上做记号来了解黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙。通过捕捉有这种标记的黑脉金斑蝶，并注意到它来自哪里，下一位科学家可以了解这种蝴蝶的年龄和路线等信息)”可知，黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙路线可以通过观察它们身上的标记来了解。故选A。3【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“What makes monarchs particularly interesting is that they migrateall the way to Calif

11、ornia or Mexico and back. They are thought to be the only insect that does this.(黑脉金斑蝶特别有趣的地方在于它们的迁徙一路到加利福尼亚或墨西哥，然后再返回。它们被认为是唯一会这样做的昆虫)”结合文章主要介绍了黑脉金斑蝶会进行迁徙，它们被认为是唯一会这样做的昆虫。文章说明了这种蝴蝶迁徙的路线和习性等信息。可知，文章的主题是黑脉金斑蝶的迁移。故选A。B（黑龙江省大庆市2021届高三第二次教学质量检测） At this very moment around the world, athletes are steppin

12、g into freezing cold chambers. Why on earth are they doing this? Because its supposed to help them feel better. The treatment is called Whole-body Cryotherapy.Athletes such as basketball star LeBron James, soccer great Cristiano Ronaldo have all tried it. The therapy works like this. You take off ev

13、erything except underwears. Then you put on warn socks and gloves and step into a chamber that looks sort of like a shower. Once youre locked in, air cooled to below - 200F (-129) fills the chamber and you stay in for two to three minutes.Supporters believe the freezing air helps muscles recover fas

14、ter and reduces body pain. After his first cryotherapy sessions, Phil MacKenzie, a professional rugby player, felt noticeably better. He told Scientific American, I felt refreshed right away. My sleep was better. Soon, he was using the chamber four times a week. Those who promote cryotherapy make al

15、l sorts of wild claims about its effects, such as increasing focus, improving skin tone, slowing aging and much more.Is there any evidence to back up these incredible claims? No. Several small scientific studies have looked at whether the therapy can improve muscle recovery after exercise, with enco

16、uraging results. But there just isnt enough evidence to show that the therapy works. The benefits some people experience may just be the placebo effect. Thats when a patients expectation that a treatment will work leads to an improvement.The US Food & Drug Adninistration has actually issued a warnin

17、g about whole-body cryotherapy. It cautions that the liquid nitrogen (N2) used to cool the chamber may make it difficult to breathe. Frostbite is another potential risk, which is why participants wear gloves and socks.4What is the function of Paragraph 2?ATo introduce the texts topic.BTo encourage d

18、eeper thinking.CTo provide detailed information.DTo make an objective comparison.5What can be inferred about whole-body cryotherapy?AIt enjoys wide popularity among the public.BIt lacks adequate proofs for its benefits.CIt may cause various deadly side effects.DIt has been widely used among athletes

19、.6What might be the real reason for people feeling better after cryotherapy?APsychological influence.BImproved focus.CStrengthened muscles.DRecovered skin.7What is the authors attitude towards whole-body cryotherapy?ACritical.BDisapproving.CUninterested.DObjective.【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“全身冷冻疗法”这一新的治疗方式

20、，介绍了其操作过程、支持者对此的看法以及说明了全身冷冻疗法缺乏足够的证据证明它的好处。4【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Athletes such as basketball star LeBron James, soccer great Cristiano Ronaldo have all tried it. The therapy works like this. You take off everything except underwears. Then you put on warn socks and gloves and step into a chamber that

21、 looks sort of like a shower. Once youre locked in, air cooled to below - 200F (-129) fills the chamber and you stay in for two to three minutes. (篮球明星LeBron James、足球巨星Cristiano Ronaldo等运动员都尝试过。治疗是这样的：除了内裤，你把所有衣服都脱下来。然后你穿上警告袜和手套，走进一个看起来像淋浴的房间。一旦你被锁在里面，空气冷却到零下200华氏度（-129），然后你在里面待上2到3分钟)”可推知，第二段的功能是提供

22、关于全身冷冻疗法操作过程的详细信息。故选C。5【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“But there just isnt enough evidence to show that the therapy works. (但是没有足够的证据表明这种疗法有效)”可推知，全身冷冻疗法缺乏足够的证据证明它的好处。故选B。6【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The benefits some people experience may just be the placebo effect. Thats when a patients expectation that a tre

23、atment will work leads to an improvement. (一些人所体验到的好处可能只是安慰剂效应。这时病人对治疗有效的期望会带来改善)”可知，冷冻疗法后人们感觉更好的真正原因可能是心理上的影响。故选A。7【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据文中第一段引入了“全身冷冻疗法”这一文章主题，第二段详细介绍了全身冷冻疗法的操作过程，第三段中提到了支持全身冷冻疗法的人的看法，第四段则指出这一疗法缺乏足够的证据证明它的好处，以及最后一段提到了美国食品和药物管理局对全身冷冻疗法的态度，文中并没有提到作者对此的看法，可推知，作者对全身冷冻疗法持客观态度。故选D。第二部分、七选五（共5

24、小题：每小题2分，满分10分）（2021年高考全国甲卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Swap, Dont shop!You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesnt end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources（资源）to make, and buying loads of new clothing（or throwing out old clothing）

25、is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-youre-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor? 8. Its the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.A successful swap dep

26、ends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. Its really easy to do! Here are a few pointers. Invite 510 people so you have a nice selection. 9 , and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.

27、10. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their new clothes home. Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.11. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that

28、 everyone must try on the clothes before they take themthings always look different when you put them on.Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. 12. And dont forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, its a party!ALess people than thatBHold a clothi

29、ng swapCIf two people are competingDJust keep music playing throughoutE.Donate whatever clothes are left overF.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spotsG.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法衣物交换派对，以及一些具体的流程。8【答案】B【解析】根据上文“So what to do with

30、all those perfectly- good-but-you re- maybe-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor?（那么，该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的（看起来）完好但你可能有点厌倦的衣服呢？）”提出关于如何解决旧衣物的问题。下文“Its the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.（这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里买衣服、同时

31、开派对的最好方法。）”提到了具体处理旧衣物的方法。所以空白处应起承上启下的作用，承接上文讲到的问题，启下提出的方法。因而空白处是提出了一种处理旧衣物的好方法。B项“Hold a clothing swap.（进行衣物交换。）”给出了一种处理旧衣物的方法，承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。9【答案】A【解析】根据上文“Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection.”（邀请5到10个人，这样你就有一个很好的选择。）说明了应该邀请的人数。下文“and there may not be enough things to choose from; more

32、than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.”（可能没有足够的东西可供选择；多于这个数量，它就变得无法控制。）说明多于或少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以空白处应是针对下文中的“more than that”提出的相反的假设，即少于一定数量的人。A项“Less people than that”（少于这些人）提出一种假设，和下文中“more than that”相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少，符合语境。故选A项。10【答案】G【解析】根据下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to

33、carry their “new” clothes home.”（他们还应该准备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的“新”衣服带回家。）说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服”准备袋子。G项“Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition.”（告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣服。）说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相对，都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的also也是提示词，并且其中They指代G项的everyone。所以G项符合语境。故选G项。11【答案】F【解析】根据上文“Put different

34、types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.”（把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同地方。）指出衣服应该归类放置。下文“Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.”（在房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子。）提到了放置镜子的意义。由此可见，本段讲述的是房间里的一些具体的做法，所以空白处一样要提出人们在房间里要做什么。F项“Have everyone put their clothes

35、 in the right spots.（让每个人的衣服都放在相应的位置上。）”说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，符合语境。故选F项。12【答案】D【解析】上文“Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever.”（设置开始时间。也许你说“开始”，或者打开一首歌，或者无论什么。）打开音乐或者无论什么，意味聚会开始。下文“And dont forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, its a party!”（

36、别忘了拿出一些饼干和水果。记住，这是个派对！）讲到了聚会上应该提供一些派对该有的服务。因而，空白处应是承接上文，讲述聚会期间要保持应有的内容。D项“Just keep music playing throughout.”（要始终播放音乐。）承上启下，说明在派对上要有音乐，与前文形成意义上的一致，符合题意，故选D项。第三部分、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（03宁夏银川一中2021-2022学年高三上学期第二次月考英语试题）This afternoon after seeing my mom, I

37、 was driving home. I took the_13_that was more like a canyon (峡谷)drive with beautiful scenery. Suddenly I heard a sound and I knew a big_14_tire! I pulled to the side, but this was a canyon drive with not much shoulder_15_, and it happened to be around a curve (弯曲处)where people couldnt_16_me. That m

38、ade it very_17_. Thus, cars passed me_18_so that I couldnt get out. Within minutes I saw a car_19_at a distance behind me. The gentleman walked out,_20_help, and I walked out of the car very_21_, for the road was so narrow. He moved my car a bit out of the way while I was still talking to AAA(美国汽车协会

39、).They said with all the_22_they gave me since I was in a dangerous place, they could send _23_in 20minutes. The gentleman offered to look at my spare tire to_24_ it was OK before I _25_AAA.Before I knew it, he took it out and_26_to change the tire. By the time I finished talking with AAA, he had ch

40、anged my tire!I_27_him and he left. I saw in my_28_that the car just followed me, making sure I was OK. At the traffic lights, I got a chance to see the_29_family in the cara beautiful young wife with lovely children in the back. They all gave me a big smile and_30_at me. I thought about what a role

41、_31_for those young children to learn about service and sympathy. I thought how _32_I was to be the receiver of such generosity.13 A. photoB. riskC. routeD. film14. A. newB. flatC. spareD. popular15. A. spaceB. funC. potentialD. service16. A. blameB. recognizeC. seeD. ignore17. A. embarrassingB. sen

42、sitiveC. complexD. dangerous18. A. deliberatelyB. frequentlyC. slowlyD. unconsciously19. A. stoppedB. brokeC. wentD. changed20. A. deservingB. offeringC. recordingD. appreciating21. A. proudlyB. instantlyC. painfullyD. carefully22. A. convenienceB. strengthC. knowledgeD. enthusiasm23. A. dataB. assi

43、stanceC. commandD. bonus24. A. announceB. declareC. make sureD. make out25. A. looked out forB. hung up onC. made sense ofD. kept up with26. A. startedB. continuedC. hesitatedD. managed27. A. treatedB. struckC. thankedD. comforted28. A. telescopeB. trackC. dreamD. mirror29. A. wealthyB. patientC. en

44、tireD. concerned30. A. staredB. wavedC. laughedD. aimed31. A. practiceB. deliveryC. programD. model32. A. luckyB. astonishedC. accessibleD. alarmed13. C 14. B 15. A 16. C 17. D 18. D 19. A 20. B 21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. A【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是我在开车回家的路上轮胎漏气了，一

45、位男士帮我换了轮胎，并一路跟着我确保我没事，我觉得非常幸运。【13题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我选择了一条更像峡谷的路线，有美丽的风景。A. photo照片；B. risk风险；C. route路线；D. film电影。由“more like a canyon (峡谷)drive with beautiful scenery”可知，我选择了一条更像峡谷的路线，故选C。【14题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：突然我听到一个声音，我知道是一个大轮胎漏气了!A. new新的；B. flat扁平的；C. spare备用的；D. popular流行的。由倒数第二段的“to change the ti

46、re”可知，我的车胎漏气了，a flat tire意为“漏气的轮胎”，故选B。【15题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我把车开到一边，但这是一条峡谷路，路肩空间不大，而且正好在一个弯道附近，人们看不见我。A. space空间；B. fun乐趣；C. potential潜力；D. service服务。由“this was a canyon drive”可知，这是一条峡谷路，路肩空间不大，故选A。【16题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把车开到一边，但这是一条峡谷路，路肩空间不大，而且正好在一个弯道附近，人们看不见我。A. blame责备；B. recognize识别；C. see看见；D. ign

47、ore忽视。由“around a curve”可知，正好在一个弯道附近，所以人们看不见我，故选C。【17题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得情况非常危险。A. embarrassing令人尴尬的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. complex复杂的；D. dangerous危险的。由“this was a canyon drive with not much shoulder_, and it happened to be around a curve (弯曲处)where people couldnt_me”可知，这是一条峡谷路，路肩空间不大，而且正好在一个弯道附近，人们看不见我，

48、因此情况非常危险，故选D。【18题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，汽车都无意识地从我身边经过，我无法下车。A. deliberately故意地；B. frequently频繁地；C. slowly缓慢地；D. unconsciously无意识地。上文说我所处的位置是一个弯道附近，过往车辆看不见，所以无意识地从我身边经过，故选D。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：几分钟后，我看到一辆汽车停在我身后很远的地方。A. stopped停下；B. broke打破；C. went去；D. changed改变。由“The gentleman walked out,_help”可知，一辆汽车停在我身后

49、很远的地方，故选A。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那位先生走了出来，提出要帮忙，我小心翼翼地走下车，因为路太窄了。A. deserving值得；B. offering提供、主动提出；C. recording记录；D. appreciating欣赏。由倒数第二段的“he took it out and_to change the tire”可知，那个男人是下车向我提供帮助，故选B。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：那位先生走了出来，提出要帮忙，我小心翼翼地走下车，因为路太窄了。A. proudly骄傲地；B. instantly立刻；C. painfully痛苦地；D. carefu

50、lly小心地。由“for the road was so narrow”可知，路太窄了，因此我小心翼翼地走下车，故选D。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们说，由于我处在危险的地方，他们给了我所有的便利，他们可以在20分钟内提供援助。A. convenience便利；B. strength长处；C. knowledge知识；D. enthusiasm热情。由“since I was in a dangerous place”可知，由于我处在危险的地方，他们给了我所有的便利，故选A。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们说，由于我处在危险的地方，他们给了我所有的便利，他们可以在20分钟

51、内提供援助。A. data数据；B. assistance援助；C. command命令；D. bonus奖金。由“they could send _in 20minutes”可知，我的车胎漏气了，因此汽车协会是提供援助，故选B。【24题详解】考查动词（短语）词义辨析。句意：在我挂上汽车协会的电话之前，那位先生主动提出看看我的备胎是否正常。A. announce宣布；B. declare宣布；C. make sure确保；D. make out辨认。由“look at my spare tire to_ it was OK”可知，那位先生主动提出看看我的备胎是否正常，因此空格处是“确保”，故选

52、C。【25题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在我挂上汽车协会的电话之前，那位先生主动提出看看我的备胎是否正常。A. looked out for小心；B. hung up on挂某人电话；C. made sense of理解；D. kept up with跟上。由上文的“I was still talking to AAA”可知，在我挂上汽车协会的电话之前，那位先生主动提出看看我的备胎是否正常，因此空格处是“挂某人电话”，故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我还没反应过来，他就把备胎拿出来，开始换轮胎。A. started开始；B. continued继续；C. hesitated

53、犹豫；D. managed管理。由“he took it out and_to change the tire”可知，他把备胎拿出来，开始换轮胎，故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我谢过他，他就走了。A. treated对待；B. struck敲打；C. thanked感谢；D. comforted安慰。由“and he left”及常识可知，那个男人帮我换了轮胎，我肯定是感谢他，故选C。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从后视镜里看到那辆车一直跟着我，确保我没事。A. telescope望远镜；B. track小径；C. dream梦；D. mirror镜子。由“I saw

54、 in my_that the car just followed me, making sure I was OK”可知，我在开车的时候是通过后视镜看到那辆车一直跟着我，因此空格处是“镜子”，故选D。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在红绿灯处，我有机会看到车里的整个家庭一个年轻漂亮的妻子和可爱的孩子们坐在车后面。A. wealthy富有的；B. patient耐心的；C. entire整个的；D. concerned担心的。由“a beautiful young wife with lovely children”可知，此处是说他的整个家庭，因此空格处是“整个的”，故选C。【30题详

55、解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们都给了我一个大大的微笑，并向我招手。A. stared盯；B. waved挥手；C. laughed笑；D. aimed瞄准。由“They all gave me a big smile and_at me”可知，这一家人对我微笑，并向我挥手，故选B。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在想，如何成为这些孩子学习服务和同情的榜样。A. practice练习；B. delivery递送，投递；C. program项目；D. model榜样。由“for those young children to learn about service and sympathy”可知，孩子学习服务和同情是向榜样学习，因此空格处是“榜样”。故选D。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想我是多么幸运，能接受如此慷慨馈赠。A. lucky幸运的；B. astonished惊讶的；C. accessible可接近的；D. alarmed惊恐的。由“the receiver of such generosity”可知，我能接受如此慷慨的馈赠，我是幸运的，故选A。