2024年高考英语一轮复习（新人教版） 第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第二册 Unit 1　Science and Scientists.docx

1、.认阅读单词1cholera n霍乱2diarrhoea n腹泻3dehydration n脱水4contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的5germ n微生物；细菌；病菌6pump n泵；抽水机；打气筒7water pump水泵8household n一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人9raw adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的10statistic npl.统计数字；统计资料；统计学11epidemiology n流行病学12microscope n显微镜13protein n蛋白质14cell n细胞；小房间；单间牢房15virus n病毒16vaccine

2、 n疫苗17framework n框架；结构18theoretical framework理论框架19rainbow n彩虹20concrete n混凝土 adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的21plasma n血浆22aerospace n航空航天工业23patriotic adj.爱国的24mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的25mechanic n机械师；机械修理工26aviation n航空制造业；航空；飞行27jet n喷气式飞机28missile n导弹29astronomer n天文学家30astronomy n天文学31telescope n望远镜.记重点单词1

3、severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的2subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)3suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象4blame vt.把归咎于；责怪；指责 n责备；指责5handle n把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)；(用手)触碰6link n联系；纽带 vt.把连接起来；相关联7substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的8decrease n减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低9transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改

4、变；转变10thinking n思想；思维；见解11finding n发现；调查结果；(法律)判决12initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的13solid adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n固体14cast vt.(cast，cast)投射；向投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷15shadow n阴影；影子；背光处16pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)17leadership n领导；领导地位；领导才能18trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出 n痕迹；遗迹；踪迹19outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的20abstract adj.抽象的；理论上的 n(文献等的)摘要21co

5、ncept n概念；观念22besides prep.除之外(还) adv.而且；此外23brilliant adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的24furthermore adv.此外；再者25fault n弱点；过错26shift n改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向.知拓展单词1frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的frustrate vt.使懊恼；使沮丧frustration n沮丧；懊恼；挫败2infection n感染；传染infect vt.使感染；传染infectious adj.感染的；传染的3proof n证据；证明；检验prove vt.证明 li

6、nk v证明是4multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的multiply vi.& vt.乘；繁殖5intervention n介入；出面；干涉intervene vi.干扰；介入6pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的purely adv.完全地；纯粹地purify vt.净化；使洁净7defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解defense/defence n防御；保卫；保护8assistant n助理；助手assist vt.& vi.帮助；协助assistance n帮助；协助；援助9gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的gift n礼物；天赋10steady adj.稳

7、定的；平稳的；稳步的steadily adv.稳定地；持续地11vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的vividly adv.生动地；逼真地；鲜明地1idiom n习语；成语2ignore vt.忽视3illegal adj.非法的；不合法的4immediately adv.立即5immigration n移民6import vt.& n进口；输入7impression n印象；感觉8incorrect adj.不正确的；错误的.背核心短语1once and for all最终地；彻底地2subscribe to同意；赞同3thanks to幸亏；由于4break out(战争、打斗等不愉

8、快的事情)突然开始；爆发5in charge of主管；掌管6come down患(病)；染上(小病)7above all最重要的是；尤其是8die from/of死于9in time及时；迟早10be likely to do sth 很可能做某事.悟经典句式1Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.(until引导的时间状语从句)在英国医生约翰斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，

9、霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。2He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.(so.that.)他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱暴发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。3Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.(that引导的宾语从句)斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。4It seemed that the woman liked the w

10、ater from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(It seemed that.似乎)该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。5Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.(have sth done)因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。6Most people are familiar with images of him in his

11、 wheelchair，unable to move and using a computer to talk.(形容词短语作状语)大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹，只能通过电脑来说话的样子。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。Since the severe COVID-19 broke out，many people all over the world have been infected.Chinese outstanding，gifted and patriotic specialists in epidemiology and their as

12、sistants have been 1.in charge of tracing the source of the virus in order to defend more people from being killed.They desired to produce vaccine to 2.handle the deadly disease once and for all.Initially，with concrete proof collected，they suspected that wild bats were to 3.blame.But by observing th

13、e virus with microscopes，they gathered solid and multiple statistics and mastered the framework of the virus，which gradually transformed their initial contradictory thinking.All the findings made them subscribe to the idea that the virus was not directly 4.linked to the bats，which made the brilliant

14、 experts frustrated.This also cast a shadow on the experts，so they had to shift towards how to prevent the virus from spreading among people.Above all，the less we go out，the less likely we will e down with the deadly disease.Furthermore，taking in more protein and eating more vegetables are good choi

15、ces as well.Last but not least，what we should do is that we must wear masks outdoors.Thanks to these interventions，the threat of COVID-19 in China saw a substantial 6.decrease.What we have experienced has taught us to lead a healthy life such as drinking pure or boiled water and avoiding raw foods.I

16、n conclusion，under our motherlands leadership，we have achieved steady success，tears of happiness pouring down our cheeks.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 blame vt.把归咎于；责怪；指责 n指责；责备be to blame (for sth)(对某事)负有责任，应受责备blame sb for sth 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某事take the blame承担过错(1) Furthermore，th

17、e boss blamed the mistake on his assistant，who wouldnt take the blame for the mistake he hadnt made.(2)当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于其他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也负有责任。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责其他人。(话题写作之人际交往)When getting along with others，we shouldnt always blame others for mistakes.After all，many times we are also to blame.So

18、 instead of blaming others，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others place. defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解 defenc(s)e n防御；保卫；保护defend.against/from (doing.)保护免受defend oneself自卫；为自己辩护in defence (of)保护；为了保卫；(为)辩护in ones defence为某人辩护(1)The assistant stepped back appearing frightened and put up her hand

19、s as if in defence.She seemed to defend herself from/against being injured.(2)看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。(读后续写之肢体动作描写)Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed to defend his son like an arrow.(defend)Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed in defence of his son/in his sons defence like an arrow.(defence) come down (wi

20、th.)染上；得了(病)；患(病)come across (偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解come about发生(无被动形式)come on加油；到来；得了吧come out出版；结果是；(花)开放come up走近；上来；被提出come up with提出；想出(主意、计划、回答等)when it comes to.当谈及用come的相关短语填空(1)Above all，tell me how the accident came about immediately.(2)My assistants first novel came out，which made me proud of him.(

21、3)Aware that my partner came down with a serious disease，I had knots in my throat and rushed to hospital anxiously.(2022浙江1月，读后续写)(4)When it comes to English learning，I have the following practical suggestions to share.Firstly，when you come across unfamiliar words，dont always refer to the dictionary

22、. Besides，when teachers questions come up in class，you should try to come up with answers.Lastly，if you fail，you must say to yourself，“Come on！”(应用文写作之建议信) above all最重要的是；首先；尤其是after all毕竟；终究first of all首先；第一all in all整体说来；总而言之in all全部；合计at all(否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟用all的相关短语填空(1)The university I recom

23、mend to you is Beijing Language and Culture University.First of all/Above all，youd better learn some basic Chinese before you come.After all，you will be under completely unfamiliar circumstances.All in all，studying for a degree in a different culture is not easy at all.(应用文写作之推荐信)(2)Thanks to your t

24、imely and generous help，I managed to handle the four problems in all. until引导的时间状语从句 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.在英国医生约翰斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。画线部分是由until引导的时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定

25、形式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not.until.结构。倒装结构：部分倒装“Not until时间状语从句或短语谓语助动词主语谓语动词”。强调结构：It is/was not until时间状语从句或短语that主句部分。(1)我将一直在农场工作直到我挣到足够的钱帮助爸爸买辆新拖拉机。(2021浙江6月，读后续写)I would keep working on the farm until I earned enough money to help my father buy a new tractor.(2)直到我经历了这场事故，我才意识到坏运气有可能是正在等待开

26、启的门。(读后续写之升华句)I wasnt aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened until I experienced the accident.(not.until)Not until I experienced the accident was I aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(倒装句)It was not until I experienced the accident that I was aware t

27、hat bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(强调句) so.that.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱暴发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。so/such.that.引导结果状语从句，意为“如此以至于”。so.that.句型的常见形式：soadj./adv.that.soadj.a/

28、ann.(单数)that.somany/much/few/little(少)n.(复数或不可数)that.such.that.句型的常见形式：sucha/anadj.n.(单数)that.suchadj.n.(复数或不可数)that.当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。(1)It is normal for such little boys to eat so little food，so dont blame them.(2)他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉舌头打结，手心出汗。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)He was so nervous that he felt his tongue

29、 tied and palms sweating.So nervous was he that he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.(用倒装句改写)(3)你取得了如此巨大的进步，所以我专门写信祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信)You have made such great progress，so I am specially writing to congratulate you.(4)The self-study room is such an appealing place that many students will gather the

30、re to further improve their learning level.(2022浙江6月，应用文写作)The self-study room is so appealing a place that many students will gather there to further improve their learning level.(用soadj.a/ann.that改写) have sth doneAccordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.因此，他让人

31、把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。have sth done使某事被做；请人做某事；主语遭遇到某事have sb do sth 让某人做某事have sb/sth doing sth 让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态cant have sb doing sth 不能容忍某人做某事have sth to do有某事要做(1)我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。(2020全国，书面表达)We began to help pick peaches and then had them delivered to the farmers houses.(2)我们班主任不能容忍我们浪费时

32、间。即使我们已完成作业，他也总是让我们阅读经典来开阔我们的视野。Our head teacher cant have us wasting our time.Even if we have finished our homework，he always has us read classics to widen/broaden our horizons.(3)我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。(应用文写作之道歉信)I am terribly sorry for having you waiting for me for so long，because I had

33、an urgent thing to attend to just now.1If you do，you wont be able to handle it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ruins everyones day.(2020全国)如果你不能放下个人情绪，就无法处理这样的情况。整个事情处理不好会导致不愉快的场面，这将会毁掉大家的一天。2As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese，the concept doe

34、snt work if one doesnt understand it.(2021浙江6月)当收到一张用中文写的明信片时可能很酷，但如果你不理解它，这个理念就行不通。3Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.(2019天津)食物网可能是由许多弱生物链主导，因为这种安排从长远来看更加稳定。4Hearing these stories，Im sceptical about the placeother destinations

35、are described as “purer” natural experiences.(2019全国)听说这些故事时，我对这个地方表示怀疑其他目的地被描述为“更纯粹的”自然体验。5Public libraries have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge，meet interesting people，or find out how to start a business.(2020天津7月)公共图书馆已经变成了你可以培养对知识的热爱、可以见到有趣的人或者可以了解

36、如何创业的地方。提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇.一词多义练/熟词生义练清除阅读障碍1handle(1)Dont handle the vase as if it were made of steel. D (2)Driving a car is not just handling controls but judging speed and distance. B (3)Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles. C (4)We must learn to handle conflicts calmly

37、and wisely. A 2subscribe(1)He subscribes to the view that we can tackle the severe problem in this way once and for all. B (2)This is the school the outstanding and patriotic scientist subscribed to generously in the past. C (3)Using the money I earned in the holiday，I have subscribed to multiple ma

38、gazines recently. A 3快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)The research lacks solid proof，and therefore，its conclusions are doubtful.可靠的(2)Its my turn to be on the night shift.轮班(3)He read through the papers and made an abstract of their contents.摘要.核心知识强化练巩固语言知识1.Furthermore，table tennis is such an interesting

39、game that people all over the world play it.2I have to say in his defence because he，an honest man，wont steal anything in the grocery store.3In reality，the mechanic made a severe mistake，shifting(shift) his weight nervously from one foot to another.(读后续写之紧张心理描写)4It was the gifted(gift) girl that cam

40、e up with such a brilliant idea.5I was overcome with sadness because I was suspected(suspect) of stealing his money.6He constantly finds fault with me，but I wont yield to him.7The outstanding astronomer who devoted himself to his career came down with a severe illness.8I entirely believe that you ar

41、e not linked to/with what happened just now.9I convinced them to subscribe to my plan，but later they changed their minds.10In a sense，we should blame the present terrible environment on humans over-consumption.单句写作应用文增分练道歉信丢失词典1我非常抱歉，在回家的路上弄丢了你的词典。(have sth done)Im sorry to have your dictionary lost

42、 on my way home.2我是如此羞愧，以至于我晚上都睡不好。(so.that的倒装句)So ashamed was I that I couldnt sleep well at night.3直到我把词典找回来，我才会感觉舒服。(not.until的强调句型)It was not until I got the dictionary back that I would feel comfortable.4但是，似乎我永远也找不到词典了，我既沮丧又失望。(it seemed that.，形容词短语作状语)But it seemed that I couldnt find the dic

43、tionary forever，frustrated and disappointed.5总而言之，我认为必须给你买一本全新的词典以表达我诚挚的歉意。(that引导的宾语从句)All in all，I think that I must buy you a brand-new dictionary to express my heartfelt apology.微型写作续写提能练教材续写语料1情感描写frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的2动作描写suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任blame vt.把归咎于；责怪；指责decrease vt.& vi.(使大小、数

44、量等)减少；减小；降低cast vt.投射；向投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解assistant n助理；助手assist vt.帮助；协助break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发续写语料运用请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。我被怀疑偷了这位女士的金戒指，这使我的脸上蒙上了一层阴影。我是如此懊恼以至于泪水像洪水一样顺着脸颊流下来。后来，我想我为什么要代人受过呢？因此我尽最大努力追踪真正的小偷以捍卫我的清白。在朋友们的帮助下，我深信我会证明

45、我是被冤枉的。I was suspected of stealing the womans gold ring，which cast a cloud of gloom over my face.So frustrated was I that tears poured down my cheeks like a flood.Then I thought why I should take the blame for somebody else.So I tried my best to trace the real thief to defend my innocence.With my friends assisting me，I was greatly convinced that I would prove that I was wronged.