2024年高考英语一轮复习（新人教版） 第2部分 语法专题 专题3　第3讲　介词.docx

1、第3讲介词 1表示方位的介词We walked across the beach，through the woods and finally came to the house which was underthe big tree marked in the map.After stepping into the house，we found a small black table，over which was a lamp.Then we looked around，only to find nothing.My friend found something specialan empty

2、 box.Beneath it was a note saying，“Stand beside the window and look out of it.” From the window we saw another house beyond a small hill.规则感悟across指从较为平坦的表面穿过。through指从立体的事物中间穿过。to指“到某处，去某处”。under在下面，无接触面。in在里面。into到里面。over在正上方(无接触面)；on在上面(有接触面)。around在/向周围。beneath在下面(有接触面)。beside在旁边。out of向/在外面。fro

3、m从。beyond 在/向较远的一边，超出。2表示时间的介词It happened on a Saturday morning in November,2021.My parents left home at 600 am to meet my uncle at the airport and told me they would come back in two hours.However，it wasnt long before someone knocked at the door，and I looked through the peephole and saw a stranger.

4、I quickly locked the door from the inside，and didnt open it until my parents came back.During the two hours，the stranger always tried to tell me something but I wouldnt listen to him.On seeing my parents，the stranger said，“I have been waiting out of the door for two hours since 610 am.” Why had my u

5、ncle changed so much over the years?规则感悟on指在具体的某一天。in用在年/月/季节/世纪等大时间之前，或者指上/下午或晚上；也可用在表示一段时间的词之前，表示“多久之后”。at用在几点钟或night/noon之前。before在之前。until直到时候。during在期间。for表示延续一段时间。over表示“在期间”，表延续。3表示原因的介词John was punished for cheating in the exam.His father was angry at/over it and he trembled with anger becau

6、se of Johns bad behaviour.规则感悟for表示原因，后面可以跟名词(词组)或动名词。at/over用在表示情绪的形容词之后，后面跟代词或名词(词组)。with用在表示情绪的名词之前。because of/owing to/due to/thanks to之后不跟陈述句，跟名词(短语)/名词性从句。4其他重要介词Between the two opinions，I am for the first one but against the second one.By wearing school uniforms，students can be treated equall

7、y by others despite the different economic backgrounds among them.Besides，the price is within students reach.Most students except a minority of them say school uniforms are good except for the fact that they are not fashionable.规则感悟between表示“两者之间”。for表示“支持”。against表示“反对”。by表示“借助/通过”，也可以表示“被”。despite

8、表示“尽管”，等于in spite of。among表示在三者或三者以上中。besides表示“除此之外(还)”。within表示“在范围之内”。except表示同类事物除外。except for表示与整体陈述相对的细节修补。一、介词的省略1当表示时间的词前有this，that，next，last，every，each，some，any，all等时，介词常省略。We watched an exciting football match last week.上周我们观看了一场激动人心的足球赛。Come any day you like.你想哪天来就哪天来。2表示时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词

9、作“每一”讲时，其前不用介词。An apple a day keeps the doctor away.每天一个苹果，医生远离我。3习惯搭配中介词的省略。一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配使用的介词常可省略，常见的此类搭配有spend some time (in) doing sth，waste some time (in) doing sth，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth，be busy (in) doing sth，stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth等。Frank insisted that he was not a

10、sleep although I had great difficulty (in) waking him up.弗兰克坚持说自己没有睡觉，虽然我叫醒他费了好大劲。二、介词不可省略的问题1在被动语态中，动词短语中的介词不能省略。The children have been taken good care of in the kindergarten.这些孩子在幼儿园里得到了很好的照顾。2当非谓语动词表示被动意义时，相关介词也不可省略。The problem is well worth paying attention to.这个问题很值得关注。3在定语从句中，当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且

11、从句谓语为不及物动词时，必须加上介词。The library which we often go to is not far away from our school.我们常去的那个图书馆距离我们学校不远。三、介词短语1介词与名词构成的搭配：(1)at名词at a loss不知所措at the cost of以的代价at peace处于和平状态at the risk of冒的危险at war处于战争状态at the mercy of在支配下；由摆布at the same time同时(2)on名词on exhibition/show/display在展出on account of因为on fi

12、re着火on average平均；一般地on sale出售；打折on behalf of代表on no account/condition决不on the decrease/increase在减少/在增加on holiday/vacation在度假(3)by名词by accident/chance偶然地by hand手工by mistake错误地by the day按天算by coincidence碰巧by nature天生地(4)in名词in cash用现金付款in charge of掌管in depth在深度上in return作为回报in detail详细地in danger (of)

13、在危险中，垂危in height在高度上in spite of尽管in length在长度上in exchange for作为交换in favor of支持，赞成in no time立刻in case of万一；如果；假使in no way决不in support of为支持in place of代替in honour of为向表示敬意in possession of拥有，占有in memory of为了纪念in addition to另外(5)of名词of benefit有益处的of significance有意义的of help有帮助的of use有用的of importance重要的of

14、 value有价值的(6)out of名词out of balance失去平衡out of order发生故障out of breath上气不接下气out of sight看不见out of control失去控制out of the question不可能out of date过期out of work失业out of touch失去联系(7)under名词under attack遭到袭击under treatment在治疗中under pressure在压力下under control处于控制之中under repair在修理中under discussion在讨论中(8)with名词wi

15、th delight/joy高兴地with fear害怕地with difficulty困难地with pleasure乐意地with ease轻而易举地(9)beyond名词beyond compare无与伦比beyond description难以描述beyond reach够不到beyond expression/words难以表达2形容词与介词构成的搭配：(1)beadj.aboutbe anxious about为忧虑be curious about对好奇be particular about对讲究/挑剔be worried/concerned about对担心(2)beadj.at

16、be angry at因/对生气be good at擅长be astonished at对吃惊be present at出席(3)beadj.inbe absorbed in专注于be active in积极于be dressed in穿着be engaged in忙于be rich in富含be occupied in忙于(4)beadj.forbe eager for渴望be famous for因著名be fit for适合，胜任be ready for准备好be sorry for对感到抱歉be prepared for为做好准备(5)beadj.frombe absent from缺

17、席be different from不同于be far from远离be free from不受影响(6)beadj.tobe close to接近be devoted to致力于be equal to等于；胜任be familiar to对熟悉be friendly to对友好be harmful to对有害be kind to对友好be similar to与相似be grateful to对心存感激(7)beadj.ofbe aware of意识到be fond of喜欢be proud of因而自豪be short of缺乏be critical of对挑剔(8)beadj.withb

18、e busy with忙于be familiar with对熟悉be combined with与结合be patient with对有耐心be popular with受欢迎be pleased with对感到满意be angry with (sb)对(某人)生气3介词与其他词构成的搭配：but for要不是instead of代替regardless of不管，不顾apart from除之外up to直到；由决定according to根据along with随着together with连同by means of用办法；借助owing to因为四、动词与介词构成的搭配1“动词sbofst

19、h”结构accuse sb of sth指责/控告某人某事cure sb of sth治好某人的某种疾病rid sb of sth使某人摆脱某物cheat sb of sth骗走某人某物remind sb of sth使某人想起某事inform sb of sth通知某人某事rob sb of sth抢劫某人某物warn sb of sth警告某人某事convince sb of sth使某人确信某事suspect sb of sth怀疑某人某事2“动词sbfordoing sth”结构blame sb for doing sth指责某人做某事批评某人做某事原谅某人做某事punish sb f

20、or doing sth因做某事而惩罚某人thank sb for doing sth感谢某人做某事3“动词sb/sthfrom(doing) sth”结构prevent/stop/keep sb/sth from doing sth阻止某人/物做某事 protect/preserve/defend/shelter sb/sth from being done保护某人/物免于被ban/prohibit sb/sth from doing sth禁止某人/物做某事4其他常考的动词与介词的搭配account for 占(比例)；解释(原因)act as 充当；起作用break away from

21、脱离；逃离bring about 引起；导致；造成call for (去)接；需要；(公开)要求carry out 履行；实施；执行carry through 帮助渡过难关；成功完成；顺利实现come across (偶然)遇见，碰见；发现come to an end 终止，结束come up with 提出do harm to 对有害do without 没有也行；没有而设法对付过去end up with 以结束get across 被传达；被理解；把讲清楚get around 传播；流传；各处走动get down to 开始做某事；开始认真注意(或对待)某事get over 解决；克服；控

22、制get rid of 除去，去掉；免除，摆脱get through 正式通过；(用电话)接通，联系上；顺利通过(考试等)give rise to使发生give way to屈服；退让；让步go against违反；与不符go in for参加考试(或竞赛)；对某事物有兴趣，爱好go through经历keep in touch with与保持联系look down on/upon轻视；瞧不起look into调查；审查make the best of充分利用；尽力而为be made up of由组成put up with忍受，容忍see through看穿；识破see to照料；处理set

23、about着手做show around/round领(某人)参观show off炫耀；展示take in吸入；理解，领会take on承担；呈现，具有work out计算出；制定出对点练习1She patted him on the head and said，“My little boy，do you feel more comfortable now than before？”2If you could exchange lives with someone for a short time，would you like to do that? 3As a result，he spends

24、 his life in a wheelchair and cannot write by means of a pen or pencil.4But wildlife today disappears or is in danger just because humans do harm to it.5Many times we dont realize how routine our lives have become and how much we take them for granted until we find ourselves in a new situation.6The

25、teacher paused on purpose to remind the students to stop talking.1The study found that between 1985 and 2017，average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in women and men.(2021浙江1月)2Museums must compete for peoples spare time and money with other amusements.(2020新高考全国)3Some time after 10000 BC，people made the

26、 first real attempt to control the world they lived in，through agriculture.(2020浙江7月)层级一基础达标练单句语法填空1We had a really damp September this year.I cant remember an autumn when it rained so much.2But she quickly realized that it was probably because of the fact that she sat in the last row.3Among the “fo

27、ur new great inventions”，online shopping was invented and pioneered by Michael Aldrich in the UK.in 1979.4“As soon as he opens his(he) mouth and sings in Chinese，the Chinese are very surprised and they feel proud of him，” said his music teacher.5But its difficult for me to decide what activities we

28、should organize and how to plan them(they)6I suddenly realized I had grown up and that I had to look after myself(I) and live independently.7When they grow older than three years old，it is easier for girls to catch colds than boys.8Pregnant women，for example，should limit their(they) intake of coffee

29、.9This young man likes travellinghe is always on the move.10It means that we cannot use some modern household items，like washing machines because they use too much water.层级二高考真题练单句语法填空1The tactile(可触知的) paintings work as a way to reveal art to the blind because we dont see with just our eyes：We see

30、with our brains.(2022浙江6月)2Luc Gandarias，whos now thirteen，went blind suddenly at age seven.(2022浙江6月) 3. A friend of his，Wu Fan，volunteered to be his companion during the trip.(2022全国甲)4He flew 4,700 kilometers from Xian to Kashgar on Sept.20，planning to hike back to Xian in five months.(2022全国甲)5M

31、ay 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day，which was named officially by the United Nations on November 27th,2019.(2022全国乙)6May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day.To celebrate the festival，a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Th

32、ursday.(2022全国乙)7The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremony，opening its(it) first exhibition：The Avenue of TruthA Special Exhibition of Puer Tea.(2022全国乙)8Covering an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park，the GPNP will be one of the first nation

33、al parks in the country.(2022新高考全国)9It was built originally to protect the city in/during the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复)(2021全国甲)10Although Mary loved flowers，neither she nor her husband was known as a gardener.(2021浙江6月)层级三语篇提能练语法填空(2019全国改编)On our way to the house,1. was

34、 raining so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long 2. would take to get there.It was in the middle of Pearl City.We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 3. dogs，seven to be exact.They were well trained 4. their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals.Our hosts s

35、hared many of 5. (they) experiences and recommended wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit.For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in 6. backyard.When they were free from work，they invited 7. (we) to local events and let us know of 8. interesting competition to

36、 watch，together with the story behind it.They also shared with us many traditional stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.On 9. last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert 10._ a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，listening to musici

37、ans and meeting interesting locals.1答案it解析考查代词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们忍不住想还要多久才能到达那里。it 可以指天气。故填it。2答案it解析考查代词。此处是句式It takes (sb) some time to do sth，it为形式主语，to do不定式为真正的主语。故填it。3答案of解析考查介词。a pack of一群。故填of。4答案by解析考查介词。此处是被动语态，应填表示“被”的介词。故填by。5答案their解析考查代词。experience是名词，前面需要一个形容词性物主代词来修饰它。故填thei

38、r。6答案the解析考查冠词。空格处修饰名词backyard，是特指的他们的院子。故填the。7答案us解析考查代词。空格处作invited的宾语，应用宾格形式。故填us。8答案an解析考查冠词。空格后interesting的发音以元音音素开头，且此处泛指“一场有趣的比赛”。故填an。9答案the解析考查冠词。on the last day在最后一天。故填the。10答案on解析考查介词。on a beautiful farm在一个美丽的农场上。故填on。1在抽象名词具体化时，使用不定冠词使文章更加生动简洁(2020全国)我们一边摘苹果，一边吃苹果。真是一件乐事啊！We picked appl

39、es while having a good taste of them.What a pleasure!(2021新高考全国)因为被内容所吸引，阅读Youth成为我每天必须做的一件事。Because I am attracted by the contents，reading Youth becomes a must for me every day. 2使用it作形式主语可以丰富文章句式(2022全国乙)学生自身迫切需要提高自律，家长和老师也迫切需要加强指导。Its urgent for students themselves to improve their self-disciplin

40、e，and its also urgent for parents and teachers to strengthen the guidance.(2021上海)从你上一封信中得知你对学习汉语很感兴趣，真是太好了。Its great to learn from your last letter that you are interested in learning Chinese. 3使用it 作形式宾语可以使句子亮点更多(2022浙江1月)我认为说服他接受我的观点是不可能的，所以我不想浪费我们的时间来讨论。I thought it impossible to persuade him in

41、to accepting my views，so I didnt want to waste our time discussing.(2021全国乙)虽然在线学习让人们获得知识更容易了，但对于缺乏自律的人来说，在线学习也是一个挑战。Although online learning makes it easier for people to gain knowledge，being online is also a challenge for people who lack self-discipline.4用介词短语代替简单的状语从句(2022全国乙)由于他们缺乏自律，他们更容易沉迷于网上聊天或玩游戏。Because of their lack of self-discipline，theyre more easily addicted to chatting online or playing games.(2021天津6月)因为你们的热情款待和帮助，我在英国过得很愉快。Because of your kind hospitality and help，I enjoyed myself so much in England.