Day 08 非谓语动词-2022年暑假新七年级【初小衔接】必备英语知识抢先学(通用版).docx

1、2022年暑假新七年级初小衔接英语知识抢先学(通用版)非谓语动词一、动词不定式英语中有些动词既表示动作，但又不能作谓语使用，这种动词称为“非谓语动词”。非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式；-ing形式（称为动名词和现在分词）；过去分词。我们先复习动词不定式。1不定式的基本形式是“to动词原形”，或省略to用动词原形。在句中使用时不能作谓语，但可以和自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。e.g.The mother wants her to read English every day.母亲要她的儿子每天读英语。My mother asked me not to read in bed.我的母亲要求我不要躺

2、在床上看书。2不定式的句法作用：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，它可以作主语、宾语、宾补和状语。（1）作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，Itbe形容词(for sb.)动词不定式e.g.To learn English well is useful.Its useful to learn English well.Its important for us to protect environment.注：当在kind, good, nice, clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。e.g.Its very kind of you

3、to help me.你帮助我真是太好啦。Its very clever of you to do like that.你那样做真是太聪明啦!（2）作宾语e.g.He wants to go out with her.他想和她一起出去。注：一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望，如：would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。e.g.Would you like to see a film this evening?你今晚想去看电影吗?在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾

4、语放在句末。e.g.I find it easy to read English every day.我发现每天读英语很简单。（3）宾语补足语：动词不定式作宾补时，它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。e.g.Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露丝要他关小收音机(他关小收音机)注：动词不定式在使役动词make, let和感官动词see, watch, hear, feel等词后作宾补时，常省去不定式符号to。had better, would rather后的不定式也不带to，help后的不定式可带to，也可不带to。e.g.Her mother makes h

5、er do homework every evening.她母亲要她每天晚上都写作业。Lets see the dolphins. 我们去看海豚吧。I hear her sing every day. 我听见她每天都唱歌。Youd better do homework first.你最好先做作业。但make, see, hear等词在被动语态中，其后的不定式要带to。e.g.She was heard to speak English.有人听到她说英语。（4）作定语动词不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。e.g.I have a lot of homework to d

6、o.我有许多家庭作业要做。(做家庭作业)There is nothing to worry about. 没什么要担心的。（5）作状语e.g.Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter. (目的)王女士去上海看望她的女儿。Were glad to meet you here. (原因)我们很高兴在这里见到你。He is too tired to work on. (结果)他太累了，不能继续工作了。3不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not。e.g.They told us not to play basketball too long.他们告诉我们

7、不要打太长时间的篮球。Youd better not go to bed late. 你最好不要睡觉太晚。4不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。e.g.The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉同学们做什么。He didnt know where to go.他不知道去哪里。(where to go=where he should go)二、动名词动名词由“动词原形ing”构成，它具有名词和动词的特征，它起名词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语，它也可以有自己的宾语

8、和状语。1作主语e.g.Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Eating too much is bad for your health.吃太多对健康不好。2作宾语，动名词可作动词宾语，也可作介词宾语。e.g.I like playing basketball. 我喜欢打篮球。(动词宾语)Thank you for listening. (介词宾语)谢谢收听。注：有些动词或句型只能用动名词。（1）enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事e.g.I enjoy reading English loudly. 我喜欢大声读英语。（2）mind doing sth.和mind sb

9、s doing sth.介意做某事，反对做某事e.g.Its hot. Would you mind opening the window?天很热。你介意打开窗户吗?Would you mind my smoking here?我在这吸烟你介意吗?（3）stop sb. from doing sth.和prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事例：Today, the forests have almost gone, people must _ down many trees.Astop to cutBstop from cuttingCbe stopped to

10、cutDbe stopped from cutting答案：D（4）practice doing sth. 练习做某事e.g.We should practice speaking English as often as possible.我们应该尽可能经常地练习说英语。（5）finish doing sth. 完成做某事例：Before 2008 we will finish _the Olympic Park. AbuildBbuiltCbuilding Dto build答案：C（6）feel like doing sth.想要做某事e.g.He should do his homewo

11、rk now. But he doesnt feel like doing it.他现在应该做作业，但他不想做。（7）be used to doing sth.习惯做某事（=get used to doing sth.）e.g.He is used to getting up at six every day.他习惯于每天六点起床。（8）spend(in)doing sth.花费时间做某事e.g.Every day I spend three hours doing homework.我每天花三个小时做作业。（9）be worth doing sth.值得做某事e.g.The book is

12、worth reading.这本书值得读。（10）have fun doing sth.和have a good time doing sth.尽情做某事，作某事很快乐e.g.They had fun climbing the mountain last Sunday.他们上周日爬山，玩的很愉快。（11）have trouble/ problem/ a hard time doing sth.做某事很困难e.g.He had a hard time speaking English in front of the class.他很难在全班同学面前说英语。（12）thank sb. for do

13、ing sth.因某事感谢某人e.g.Thank you for joining us.感谢你加入我们。三、分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。它们起形容词和副词的作用，在句中作定语，宾补，状语和表语。现在分词-ing，有主动、进行之意，过去分词-ed，有被动、完成之意。注意他们都有不规则形式。1作定语分词与中心词之间有动宾关系e.g.China is a developing country. Japan is a developed country.中国是一个发展中国家，日本是一个发达国家。The boy named John is from America.那个叫约翰的男孩来自美国。2作

14、宾语补足语e.g.I saw her watching TV last night.昨晚我看见她在看电视(现在分词)。You should have your hair cut.你该理发了。(have sth. done叫别人为你做某事)3作状语e.g.While watching TV, he smiled from time to time.看电视时，他不时地笑。They woke up the other family members, calling“Merry Christmas!”他们喊着“圣诞快乐”，叫醒家里其他人。4作表语e.g.We are excited about the

15、 news.我们对那个新闻感到兴奋。The news is exciting.那个新闻令人兴奋。We are interested in the interesting story.我们对那个有趣的故事很感兴趣。现在分词表示“令人的”，主语一般是物；过去分词表示“感到的”，主语一般是人。e.g.He is surprised to hear the news. (过去分词)他听到那个消息很惊奇。The news is surprising.(现在分词)那个消息令人惊奇。1. In order to make an article organized, the first step is _ a

16、 chart.A. makeB. madeC. to makeD. to be made2. With much homework _, we cant go out to play in the snow.A. doingB. to doC. is doneD. done3. It takes me half an hour _ this book report.A. finishB. finishesC. to finishD. finishing4. My bike is very old. I wish _ a new one.A. haveB. to haveC. hasD. hav

17、ing5. It usually takes us twenty minutes _ our classroom every day.A. cleanB. to cleanC. cleaningD. cleans6. My mother tells me _ the school music club.A. joinB. to joinC. joiningD. joins7. Its important _ give the fish _ food.A. not to; much tooB. not to; too muchC. to not; much tooD. to not; too m

18、uch8. My grandma likes watching goldfish _.A. swim aroundB. swimming toC. to swim aroundD. swims round9. It _ the firemen two hours _ the big fire yesterday afternoon.A. took; to put outB. spent; to put outC. took; putting outD. spent; putting out10. The baby giraffe is too short _ the leaves from t

19、he tree.A. reachB. reachesC. to reachD. reaching11. Simon practiced _ volleyball with his friend last Sunday.A. playB. playedC. to playD. playing12. Suddenly the house began to shake (摇晃). He stopped _ music and rushed out.A. to listen toB. to listenC. listeningD. listening to13. Mary is looking for

20、ward to _ a letter from me. Please remember _ this letter on your way to school.A. get; to sendB. getting; sendingC. getting; to sendD. get; sending14. I like films with happy endings.Me too. Sad films always make me _.A. cryingB. to cryC. cryD. cried15. Please remember _ your pet twice a day!OK! I

21、wont forget it.A. to feedB. feedC. feedingD. fed16. Where is Tony now? I saw him _ in the garden when I walked past and I told him _.A. play; go homeB. to play; to go homeC. playing; going homeD. playing; to go home17. Linda wasnt tall enough _ the peaches on the tree.A. to reachingB. to reachC. rea

22、chingD. not to reach18. It was raining hard, so we decided _.A. to go outB. to not go outC. not to go outD. not going out19. It is interesting _ a camping trip in summer.A. to haveB. havingC. hasD. have20. Yesterday afternoon I was too busy _ the email _ the clothes.A. to write; to washB. writing; n

23、ot to washC. writing; to washD. to write; not to wash21. I saw all the students _ the classroom at that time.A. cleanB. cleaningC. to cleanD. cleaned22. When I passed the park yesterday, I saw some ladies _ near the lake.A. danceB. dancedC. to danceD. dancing23. I have no trouble _ English, but I am

24、 not good at listening.A. speakingB. speakC. spokeD. to speak24. I saw some boys _ basketball when I walked past the sports hall.A. playingB. playC. to playD. played25. Goldfish are good Pets but remember _ them too much foodA. no givingB. to not giveC. not giveD. not to give26. Who taught you _ a b

25、ike?A. rideB. ridesC. to rideD. can ride27. Jimmy is a trouble-maker. His parents cant stop _ him.A. worried aboutB. worryingC. to worry aboutD. worrying about28. The doctor told the sick boy _ till the next morning.A. to eat somethingB. dont have anythingC. could eat nothingD. not to have anything2

26、9. Cats are easy _.A. takes care ofB. to take careC. looks afterD. to look after30. Simon always _ to do everything well.A. do his bestB. does his bestC. do him bestD. does him best31. I would like _ Li Hong _ the job in our company.A. recommend; forB. to recommend; forC. recommend; onD. to recommen

27、d; on32. He needs _ more to make his Chinese better.A. to practice speakingB. to practice to speakC. practicing to speakD. practice speaking33. When I _ his room, I found him _ computer games.A. entered into; playingB. entered; playedC. entered into; playsD. entered; playing34. They spent the whole

28、morning _ trees on the hill.A. plantB. plantedC. to plantD. planting35. Annie often _ her keys with her in the past.A. forgot bringingB. forgets to bringC. forgets bringingD. forgot to bring36. Alice tried _ up, but she failed _ the key.A. to climb; reachingB. climbing; to reachC. climbing; reaching

29、D. to climb; to reach37. We have worked for three hours. Now lets stop_ a break.A. havingB. to haveC. to hasD. have38. Mrs. White wanted to keep fit, so she decided _ yoga.A. to doB. didC. doingD. will do39. The girl is too shy _ in front of the whole class.A. speaksB. to speakC. not speakD. not to

30、speak40. We saw the monkeys _ a moment ago.A. gets awayB. get awayC. to get awayD. got away41. Do you remember _ him on the first day of this term? A. to seeB. seeingC. seesD. see42. I hope _ your hometown some day.A. visitB. to visitC. can visitD. will visit43. Its important for us _ more knowledge

31、 (知识).A. learningB. to learnC. for learningD. learns44. My parents plan _ Thailand for a holiday next month.A. to travelB. to visit toC. visit toD. to travel to45. Miss Green often teaches her students _ English songs. She teaches _ very well.A. to sing; themB. singing; themC. to sing; theirD. singi

32、ng; theirs参考答案1. C【解析】句意：为了使文章有条理，第一步是制作图表。考查非谓语动词。根据“the first step isa chart.”可知，句子的结构为主系表，make是动词，不可直接作表语，因此需要用动词不定式形式。故选C。2. B【解析】句意：由于有很多作业要做，我们不能出去在雪地里玩。考查非谓语动词。根据“With much homework”可知此处应用动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词，故选B。3. C【解析】句意：我花了半个小时完成这份读书报告。考查非谓语动词。固定句型It takes/took sb. time to do sth.“花费某人多长时间做某事”。

33、故选C。4. B【解析】句意：我的自行车很旧。 我想要一个新的。 考查非谓语动词。wish to do sth“希望做某事”，空处使用动词不定式作宾语，故选B。5. B【解析】句意：我们每天通常花费二十分钟打扫教室。考查非谓语动词。clean动词原形；to clean动词不定式；cleaning动名词形式；cleans动词单三式。It takes sb. some time to do sth.“花费某人多长时间干某事”，固定句型，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。故填B。6. B【解析】句意：我妈妈叫我加入学校的音乐俱乐部。考查非谓语动词。根据“My mother tells me

34、 . the school music club.”可知，tell sb. to do sth.“叫某人做某事”，此处要用不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。7. B【解析】句意：重要的是不要给鱼太多的食物。考查非谓语动词和短语辨析。much too太，副词；too much太多，修饰不可数名词。Its+形容词+to do sth“做某事是怎样的”，动词不定式作主语，结合选项可知，第一空用不定式的否定形式（not to do），排除C、D；第二空后是不可数名词food，所以用too much。故选B。8. A【解析】句意：我奶奶喜欢观看金鱼游来游去。考查非谓语动词。swim around游来游去；sw

35、im to游向。watch sb/sth doing sth“看见某人/某物正在做某事”，watch sb/sth do sth“看见某人/某物做某事(全过程，经常性)”。由空前的“My grandma likes watching goldfish”可知，此处指看金鱼游来游去(经常性)，故选A。9. A【解析】句意：昨天下午，消防员们花费了两个小时来扑灭这场大火。考查动词辨析和动词短语。took拿；put out扑灭；spent花费。It take sb some time to do sth“花费某人一些时间去做某事”，故排除C、D项。根据“yesterday afternoon”可知，时

36、态是一般过去时，谓语动词使用过去式took。故选A。10. C【解析】句意：长颈鹿宝宝太矮了，以至于够不着树上的叶子。考查非谓语动词。too to表示“太而不能”，reach“能伸到”，是动词，此处是太矮而不能够着树上的叶子。故选C。11. D【解析】句意：西蒙上个星期天和他的朋友练习打排球。考查非谓语动词。practise doing sth.“练习做某事”，固定搭配；空处用动名词作宾语。故选D。12. D【解析】句意：突然房子开始摇晃起来，他停止听音乐，向外冲去。考查非谓语动词。stop to do sth意为“停下来去做某事”，stop doing sth意为“停止做某事”。根据“Sud

37、denly the house began to shake (摇晃)”可知，他停止听音乐，则A、B两项与句意不符；又因listen为不及物动词，后面要加to再接宾语，则C项错误。故选D。13. C【解析】句意：Mary正期待我的来信。请记得在你上学的路上把这封信寄了。考查非谓语动词。look forward to doing sth“期待做某事”，动名词作宾语，排除A和D选项。remember to do sth“记得要去做某事”；remember doing sth“记得做过某事”。根据“this letter on your way to school”可知，提醒对方记得要去寄信，此空应

38、填动词不定式作宾语，故选C。14. C【解析】句意：我喜欢有幸福结局的电影。我也是。悲伤的电影总是让我哭泣。考查非谓语动词。crying动名词/现在分词；to cry动词不定式；cry动词原形；cried过去式/过去分词。这里是：make sb. do sth.意为“使某人做某事”，需用动词原形。故选C。15. A【解析】句意：请记得一天喂两次你的宠物。好的！我不会忘记的。考查非谓语动词。根据“Please remember.your pet twice a day”可知，此处表示“请记得给你的宠物一天喂两次食”，“记得要做某事”用“remember to do sth”表示。故选A。16.

39、D【解析】句意：Tony在哪里？ 当我经过时，我看见他正在花园玩，我叫他回家了。考查非谓语动词。根据“I saw him in the garden when I walked past”可知，第一空用see sb. doing sth.意为“看见某人正在做某事”，则A、B两项错误；tell sb. to do sth.意为“告诉某人做某事”，则C项错误。故选D。17. B【解析】句意：Linda不够高，够不到树上的桃子。考查动词不定式。be+形容词+ enough+ to do sth意为“足够去做某事”，需要动词不定式；故选B。18. C【解析】句意：雨下得很大，所以我们决定不出去。考查非

40、谓语动词。短语decide not to do sth“决定不做某事”。短语go out“出去”，故选C。19. A【解析】句意：夏天来一次野营旅行很有趣。考查非谓语动词。根据“It is interestinga camping trip in summer.”可知，此处用“Its+形容词+to do sth”意为“做某事是的”，固定用法，因此用to have。故选A。20. C【解析】句意：昨天我忙着写电子邮件，没时间洗衣服。考查非谓语动词。第一个空短语be busy doing sth.“忙于做某事”，第二个空too+形容词+to do sth.“太而不做某事”，此处指忙于写电子邮件而不

41、能洗衣服，故选C。21. B【解析】句意：那时我看见所有的学生都在打扫教室。考查非谓语。根据句中的时间状语“at that time”可知，此处用see sb doing sth，意为“看见某人正在做某事”；故选B。22. D【解析】句意：昨天我路过公园时，看到一些女士在湖边跳舞。考查非谓语动词。根据“When I passed the park yesterday”可知，此处指路过公园时看到一些女士正在跳舞，see sb. doing sth.表示“看到某人正在做某事”，空格处应为现在分词dancing。故选D。23. A【解析】句意：我说英语没有问题，但我不擅长听。考查非谓语动词。spea

42、king动名词；speak动词原形；spoke过去式；to speak动词不定式。这里考查固定搭配have trouble (in) doing sth.表示“做某事有困难”，应该用动名词形式。故选A。24. A【解析】句意：当我走过体育馆时，我看见一些男孩正在打篮球。考查非谓语动词。playing现在分词；play动词原形；to play动词不定式；played过去式或过去分词。结合语境，该句表示“看见一些男孩们正在打篮球”应用see sb doing sth.表示，因此应用动词play的现在分词。故选A。25. D【解析】句意：金鱼是很好的宠物，但记住不要给它们太多的食物。考查非谓语。根据

43、“them too much food”可知，此处是表达不要给它们太多的食物，remember not to do sth意为“记住不要去做某事”。故选D。26. C【解析】句意：谁教你骑自行车的？考查非谓语动词。ride a bike骑自行车，固定搭配teach sb to do sth“教某人做某事”，故选C。27. D【解析】句意：吉米是一个爱惹麻烦的人。他的父母不能够停止担心他。考查动词短语和非谓语。根据“Jimmy is a trouble-maker.”可知，他的父母一刻不停地为他担忧。“为某人担忧”用固定词组worry about sb；stop to do“停下来去做某事”，s

44、top doing sth“停止做某事”，表示不能停止担心，用worrying about。故选D。28. D【解析】句意：医生告诉这个生病的男孩不要吃任何东西，直到第二天早晨。考查动词的用法。“告诉某人不要做某事”用固定搭配tell sb not to do sth表示；not. till. 意为“直到才”。故选D。29. D【解析】句意：照顾猫是很容易的。考查动词短语。take care of照顾；look after照顾；take care当心。be easy to do sth“做某事是容易的”，排除A和C，由空前的“Cats”可知，此处指猫很容易照顾，排除B，故选D。30. B【解析

45、】句意：Simon总是竭尽全力做好每一件事。考查动词短语。固定搭配do ones best to do sth意为“某人尽最大努力做某事”，则C、D两项错误；又因主语Simon是第三人称单数，所以动词“do”用第三人称单数“does”，则A项错误。故选B。31. B【解析】句意：我想推荐李红担任我们公司的工作。考查非谓语动词和介词辨析。recommend推荐；for为了；on在上，固定搭配would like to do sth“想要做某事”，排除A和C，recommend sb for“为而推荐某人”，排除D，故选B。32. A【解析】句意：他需要多练习说，以提高汉语水平。考查非谓语动词。p

46、ractice练习；speak说。need to do sth“需要做某事”，排除C和D，practice doing sth“练习做某事”，排除B，故选A。33. D【解析】句意：当我进入他的房间时，我发现他正在玩电脑游戏。考查动词用法和非谓语动词。enter意为“进入”，是及物动词，后面直接加宾语，则A、C两项错误；find sb. doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“发现某人正在做某事”，则B项错误。故选D。34. D【解析】句意：他们花了整整一个上午在山上种树。考查非谓语动词。根据“They spent the whole morningtrees on the hill.”可知，s

47、pend+时间+ doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”,固定用法,因此用planting。故选D。35. D【解析】句意：Annie过去经常忘记随身带上她的钥匙。考查非谓语动词。根据时间状语“in the past”可知，此处谓语动词用一般过去时，则B、C两项错误；表示“忘记做某事(事情未做)”用 forget to do sth.,“忘记做某事(事情做了)”用forget doing sth.,根据句意理解可知，安妮经常忘了带钥匙，此处表示未做，后接不定式，则A项错误。故选D。36. D【解析】句意：爱丽丝试图爬上去，但她够不到钥匙。考查非谓语动词。根据“Alice tried.up,

48、 but she failed.the key.”可知此处指试图爬上去拿钥匙，try to do sth.“试图做某事”；fail to do sth.“没能做某事；做某事失败”。故选D。37. B【解析】句意：我们已工作了三小时了，现在让我们停下来休息一会。考查非谓语动词。短语stop to do sth.“停下来去做某事”；stop doing sth.“停止做某事”。根据“We have worked for there hours.”可知，此处是停下来去休息，短语have a a break“休息”，故选B。38. A【解析】句意：怀特夫人想要保持身材，所以她决定做瑜伽。考查非谓语动词

49、。decide to do sth“决定做某事”，这里动词不定式作宾语。故选A。39. B【解析】句意：这个女孩太害羞了，不敢在全班同学面前讲话。考查非谓语动词。too . to do sth.“太而不能做某事”，此处用to speak。故选B。40. B【解析】句意：我们刚才看到猴子逃走了。考查非谓语动词。see . do sth.“看见做某事”，see后用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。41. B【解析】句意：你记得在本学期第一天见过他吗？考查动名词作宾语。remember to do“记得要做某事”；remember doing“记得做过某事”。根据“on the first

50、day of this term”可知，是见过他，因此seeing符合句意；故选B。42. B【解析】句意：我希望有一天能去你的家乡游览。考查非谓语动词。visit动词原形；to visit动词不定式；can visit情态动词加动词原形；will visit一般将来时。hope to do sth“希望做某事”，为动词不定式作宾语。故选B。43. B【解析】句意：对我们来说学习更多的知识很重要。考查非谓语动词。此处是固定句型：Its+形容词+for sb to sth意为“对某人来说做某事是的”，其中It是形式主语，不定式为真正的主语。故选B。44. D【解析】句意：我父母计划下个月去泰国度

51、假。考查动词不定式作宾语和动词辨析。根据空格前的“plan”可知，本题考查plan to do sth“计划做某事”，排除选项C；travel“旅行”，不及物动词，不可直接接宾语；visit“参观”，及物动词，可直接接宾语。travel to sp.“去某地旅行”。结合选项可知，空格处应填to travel to。故选D。45. A【解析】句意：格林小姐经常教她的学生唱英文歌。她教他们教得很好。考查非谓语动词和代词辨析。teach sb to do sth意为“教某人做某事”，B、D两项错误。 them他们，宾格；their他们的，形容词性物主代词；theirs他们的，名词性物主代词。因为teach是动词，后面用人称代词宾格。故选A。