Day 11 句子成分、简单句与并列句-2022年暑假新高一【初高中衔接】必备英语知识抢先学(通用版).docx

1、2022年暑假新高一初高中衔接英语知识抢先学(通用版)英语句法篇句子成分、简单句与并列句一、句子成分构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。英语的句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。现简单回顾如下：1.主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（

2、名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary

3、to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2.谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.3.表语：表语用以说明主语的身

4、份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His

5、hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）4.宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代

6、词）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语

7、+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.5.宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不

8、定式短语）We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）6.定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty wom

9、en teachers is our school.（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）7.状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语

10、。可由以下形式表示：Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Wait a minute.（名词）Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：How about meeting agai

11、n at six?（时间状语）Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）In order to catch up with the ot

12、hers, I must work harder.（目的状语）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）I am taller than he is.（比较状语）8.同位语：当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时，我们称它们为同位语。同理，当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的，那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。Mr. Smith,

13、 our new teacher, is very kind to us.（Mr. Smith是主语our new teacher的同位语,指同一人）Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brothers.（a friend of my brothers是宾语Tom的同位语，指同一人）二、简单句、并列句与复合句（一）句子种类分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didnt hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating?

14、How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Dont talk in class4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws picture

15、s for the wall newspapers.2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were

16、 at the Great Wall.（二）简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.2、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work.3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. My father bought me a car.5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。（三）并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, n

17、ot onlybut also, neithernor, then等连接。e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way o

18、f making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.一、单项选择1. Dont do that again _ you will be in trouble.A. andB. butC. orD. so2. _ does it take to win the hearts and minds of 10

19、 students in todays education？A. WhatB. WhenC. HowD. Why3. _ is your younger brother?He is five years old.A. How oftenB. How muchC. How oldD. How long4. Zhang Qing has to stay at home to look after her brother, _?A. hasnt sheB. hasnt Zhang QingC. doesnt sheD. doesnt Zhang Qing5. Lets keep to the poi

20、nt or we _ any decisions.A. will never reachB. have never reachedC. never reachD. never reached6. _ it was marching along the streets, enjoying the festive atmosphere!A. What great funB. How great funC. What a great fumD. How a funny7. If you have a job, _ yourself to it and finally youll succeed.A.

21、 dont devoteB. do devoteC. not devotingD. devoting8. _ some water and you will feel better.A. DrinkB. DrinkingC. To drinkD. If you drink9. _ sunny day it is! Its really a good day to go hiking.A. How aB. WhatC. What aD. How10. By the way, our school soccer team won at last, _?A. were theyB. didnt th

22、eyC. did theyD. werent they11. The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face.A. whatB. howC. thatD. why12. _ Storybooks do you have?Three.A. How oldB. How muchC. How manyD. How far13. _is the park?Its near the school.A. WhatB. WhereC. ThereD. How14. You didnt watch the film las

23、t night, _? _, but I missed the beginning.A. did I; Yes, I didB. did you; No, I didntC. did you; Yes, I didD. did I; No, I didnt15. I dont suppose he cares, _?A. does heB. doesnt heC. do ID. dont I16. _ your score and see how many points you get in the final test.A. Add upB. Add toC. Add up toD. Add

24、ing up17. _prices which make owning and running many electric vehicles as cheap as fossilfuel alternatives, and a new path will be_.A. Set openedB. Setting openedC. To set openingD. To setting opening18. _him a hand and he will be out of trouble as soon as possible.A. GivingB. To giveC. GivenD. Give

25、19. _ important information this is!A. How aB. WhatC. What anD. How20. Can you write stories or tell stories?_.A. Yes, I can write storiesB. No, I cant tell storiesC. I can write storiesD. I cant write stories21. Tom has never been to Shenyang before, _?A. does heB. has heC. doesnt heD. hasnt he22.

26、_is it from your school to your home?Its about 10minutes walk.A. How farB. How longC. How oftenD. How much23. As a language grows, new words are introduced _ many words fall out of use.A. unlessB. so thatC. whileD. in case24. Im planning to climb Mount Huang this summer. Would you like to come along

27、?Wow! That would be exciting _ challenging. Im in!A. as well asB. as good asC. as long asD. as far as25. According to a report released recently, the major cause of air pollution in Beijing is vehicle emissions (汽车尾气排放)_ in Shanghai the biggest problem is dust and heavy industry.A. asB. whileC. alth

28、oughD. where26. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, _ once I started the car, my mind went blank.A. soB. andC. forD. yet27. You must learn to consult your feelings and your reasons _ you reach any decision.A. althoughB. beforeC. becauseD. unless28. Im good at

29、 Chinese my sister does very well in English.A. whileB. whenC. becauseD. as29. In order to promote the new product, the advertiser spared _ energy _ money to make huge billboards（广告牌）.A. neither . norB. either . orC. not only . but alsoD. not . but30. _ the late 18th century did the British explorer

30、 James Cook cross the Antarctica Circle, _he never saw land.A. Until, whileB. Since, andC. Not until, butD. Although, yet31. _these messages always seem important at the time, most people cant really remember them the next day.A. BecauseB. UnlessC. WhileD. Since32. I say Tom is a smart boy, he still

31、 needs to work hard to achieve his goal.A. BecauseB. WhenC. AsD. While33. He found it increasingly difficult to read,_ his eyesight was beginning to fail.A. andB. butC. orD. for34. Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery _ another man, also intelligent, fails.A. whileB. whe

32、nC. whereD. why35. The girl thought her boyfriend had bought her a necklace of great value _ in fact it was made of glass.A. whenB. whileC. thatD. as36. Would you like to come to the party?Id love to, _ I have to attend a lecture.A. andB. butC. forD. so37. He was about to go to bed _ the doorbell ra

33、ng.A. whileB. asC. beforeD. when38. His children _ his wife _ invited to the party.A. and, wasB. as well, wereC. as well as, wasD. as well as, were39. The mother saw her baby fall to the ground, _ brought her heart to her mouth.A. itB. and thatC. and whichD. that40. “Put on your coat, _ you will cat

34、ch a cold!” This is what my mum often says .A. andB. butC. orD. so二、语法填空1阅读下面的材料，在答题卡相对应的题号区域内填入适当的内容(每空不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Strange things were _41_ (happen) in the countryside of northeast Hebei. For three days the water in the village wells _42_ (rise) and fell. Farmers noticed that the well walls

35、 had deep cracks in _43_ (they). A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous _44_ (eat). Mice ran out of the field _45_ (look) for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. _46_ about 3:00 am on July 28th, 1976, some people s

36、aw _47_ (brightly) lights in the sky. The sound of planes could _48_ (hear) outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. _49_ the one million people of the city, _50_ thought little of these events, were asleep as

37、 usual that night.2阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。So far, China Eastern Airlines_51_(receive) approval(批准)fiom the Ministry oflndustry and Information Technology to offer in- flight Wi-Fi service on 21 airplanes.The carrier becomes Chinas first airline company_52_（provide) Wi-Fi service for both do

38、mestic and international flights. Passengers_53_(leave) for New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Toronto, Beijing and Guangzhou will have access_54_me Wi-Fi service through a telecommunication satellite.The flights will begin to provide the service in one month after operational_55_（prepare). The W

39、i-Fi service will be free in the 21 airplanes at the beginning,_56_a charge list is now under discussion.The company plans to put in Wi-Fi service_57_(equip) in all airplanes by 2019-2020. Other carriers in China, such as Air China and Hainan Airlines also have been following this attempt in some of

40、their flights during the past few years.Industry experts note that_58_approval for the Wi-Fi service on 21 airplanes.is a trial for commercial in-flight Intemet service operations in China. Aviation(航空)business staff say that China has the potential to become the worlds _59_(large) aviation market,_

41、60_is likely to create tens of billions of yuan in profit in the aviation Intemet business.3Who is smarter？A human being or artificial intelligence？The question _61_（sweep）across the world when a Google-developed program called AlphaGo defeated the world top player. So，what comes next？Some people ar

42、e pessimistic，saying that the full development of artificial intelligence，_62_ AI in short，could mean the end of the human race. So are we really about to live in the world _63_（show）in the Terminator（终结者）movies？“Not quite，”answered John Markoff of The New York Times，_64_ is optimistic about the fut

43、ure. “We think that，for the human beings，things like sight and balance，_65_（be）natural and ordinary in our life. Also，we humans are better at making _66_（adjust）to the surroundings. We have a long way to go before AI can _67_（true）begin to be similar to the human brain，even though the technology can

44、 be great.” Meanwhile，John Markoff said that researchers should build artificial intelligence to make people more _68_（effect）.“Our fate（命运）is _69_ our own hands，”he added.“Since technology depends on the values of _70_ (it) creators, we can choose to use technology to improve the world.”4阅读下面短文，在空白

45、处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。At a height of 556.36 meters, Heavenly Jin restaurant in Shanghai was certified by the Guinness World Records as the _71_ (high) restaurant in a building on Tuesday. _72_ previous record holder was AT. MOSPHERE restaurant in Burj Khalifa, Dubai._73_ (locate) on the 120th floor

46、of Shanghai Tower, the tallest building in China, Heavenly Jin is part of J Hotel, a _74_ (lead) high-end hotel brand in travel and hospitality (服务). Last Tuesday, Guinness World Records judicator Maggie Luo _75_ (confirm) the result before issuing a certificate and uncovering a plaque (匾额) at a cer

47、emony on Tuesday.“This record is _76_ great significance to us. The height of the restaurant is proof of the dedication of the Heavenly Jin management and operational teams,” said Jenny Zhang, general manager of J Hotel Shanghai Tower. “We welcome _77_ (guest) from all over the world with a higher l

48、evel experience above the clouds. Apart from the fantastic views of the Shanghai skyline, the restaurant also offers European, Japanese and Chinese cuisines for lunch and dinner, as well as afternoon tea. _78_ you see and feel here will leave an unforgettable _79_ (impress) on you. All of you will f

49、ind it a good chance to relax as well as entertain _80_ (you).”5阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式,并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上. Chinese workers once demonstrated their great efficiency in 2018. _81_ (incredible), around 1,500 workers spent just nine hours _82_ (complete) the construction of a new train statio

50、n in Fujian Province, southern China. Seven trains and 23 daggers were used _83_ (assist) the massive project. A video _84_ (release) on the Internet showed how the construction worker connected three major railroads with the new Nanlong Railway. They also set up the traffic signals _85_ some other

51、traffic monitoring equipment which can ensure the smooth flow of the traffic. The construction took place at the Nanlong Railway Station in the city of Longyan. It began _86_ the early morning of January 19 and finished one day later. The project was compacted so quickly because the workers _87_ ( a

52、rrange) into seven units to undertake different tasks at the same time Measuring 246 kilometres in _88_ (long ), the new Nanlong Railway is a main transport link between south-cast China and _89_ (center) China. It can support the most massive trains _90_ operate at a maximum speed of 200kph.6阅读下面短文

53、，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。This is undoubtedly one of the most recognizable buildings in the world. _91_ (weigh) 7,000 tons, the tower wasnt meant to stand there forever. Gustave-Alexandre Eiffel, the French engineer _92_ fame rested mainly on his iron bridges, built it for the 1889 Universal Exhibit

54、ion. Praised by some and denounced by others, the tower created much _93_ (argue) in the 1880s. _94_ saved it from being torn down was the arrival of radio - as the _95_ (tall) structure in Europe, it made a perfect spot to place a radio antenna(天线).The tower is 317m high. On a clear day you can see

55、 it from 65km away. _96_ tower, an open-framework construction, unlocked the almost unlimited possibilities of steel construction, making the way for skyscrapers. Some people said it couldnt _97_ (build), and Eiffel actually wanted to make it go higher. For years it remained the tallest man-made str

56、ucture _98_ the earth, until skyscrapers such as the Empire State Building _99_ (final) came into being.In 2004 it became possible to ice-skate inside the Eiffel Tower, doing figure skating while taking in views of the rooftops of Paris. Skating takes place on an observation platform 57m above groun

57、d. The rink, which _100_ (hold) 80 skaters at once, is a bit larger than an average tennis court.参考答案一、1. C【解析】考查固定句型。句意：别再那样做了，否则你会有麻烦的。此处为固定句型：祈使句+or+陈述句，or表示否则。故选C。2. A【解析】考查疑问词。句意：在今天的教育中，怎样才能赢得10个学生的心？it takes sth. to do sth.是固定句式，表示做某事需要某物，用代词what来作take的宾语。when什么时候，how如何，why为什么。其他三项都是副词。故选A。3.

58、 C【解析】考查特殊疑问句。句意： 你弟弟多大了? 他五岁了。A. How often多长时间一次；B. How much多少；C. How old多大年龄；D. How long有多久。根据答语可知句中在问年龄。故选C项。4. C【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意：张青不得不呆在家里照顾她的弟弟，不是吗？反意疑问句前后两部分谓语应是：“肯定陈述+否定疑问”或“否定陈述+肯定疑问”，含有情态动词have/has/had to的反意疑问句，其附加问句部分通常用助动词do的相应形式代替。本句中has to表示肯定，因而后面需用do的否定形式，且时态需保持一致，因而是doesnt，问句的主语不用名词，应改

59、成相应的人称代词，根据her brother，可知主语用she。故选C。5. A【解析】考查动词时态。句意：让我们紧扣主题，否则我们将永远无法做出任何决定。A.will never reach将不会达到；B.have never reached还没有达到；C.never reach从未达到；D.never reached从未达到。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是“祈使句+or+陈述句”，陈述句使用一般将来时态。故选A。6. A【解析】考查感叹句。句意：走在大街上，享受节日的气氛是多么有趣啊！此处感叹不可数名词fun应用what，构成what+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语；how引导的感叹句结构

60、为：how+形容词+主语+谓语。故选A。7. B【解析】考查祈使句和强调句。句意：如果你有一份工作，一定要全身心投入，最后你会成功的。分析句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，缺少谓语动词，排除C项和D项，此处对动词devote进行强调，表示肯定含义，需用助动词do。故选B。8. A【解析】考查祈使句。句意：喝点水，你会感觉好一点。分析句子可知此处是“祈使句+and+简单句”结构，祈使句用动词原形开头。故选A项。9. C【解析】考查感叹句。句意：天气真好。非常适合远足。 sunny day的中心词为名词，应用what引导感叹句，且day为可数名词单数，还应加上不定冠词。故选C。10. B【解析】考查反意

61、疑问句。句意：顺便说一下，我们学校的足球队最后赢了，是吗？反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词在语气上成相反的对应关系，即：肯定+否定？否定+肯定？且谓语为won，应用助动词did，故选B。11. A【解析】考查感叹句和宾语从句。句意：这个令人震惊的消息让我意识到我们将面临什么可怕的问题。根据句型分析可知，本句考查宾语从句中，What+(形容词)+可数名词复数+主语+谓语的感叹句结构形式。故选A项。12. C【解析】考查特殊疑问句。句意：你有多少本故事书？三本。A. How old多大，几岁；B. How much多少；C. How many多少；D. How far多远。根据回答语，可

62、知是提问数量的，可在BC中选，后面的storybooks为可数名词，所以应用how many，how much是针对不可数名词的，故选C。13. B【解析】考查疑问词词义辨析。句意：公园在哪里？在学校附近。A. What什么；B. Where在哪里；C. There在那里；D. How如何。根据回答“Its near the school.”可知询问的是公园的地点，应用where。故选B。14. C【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意：你昨晚没看那部电影，是吗？我看了，但是我错过了开头。分析句子结构可知，第一空是反意疑问句，遵循前肯后否，前否后肯的原则，主语和前面句子主语一致，因此第一空是did yo

63、u；由“but I missed the beginning”可知，第二个说话人的确去看电影了，因此第二空是Yes, I did，故选C。15. A【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意：我想他不会在乎的，对吧？该句为反意疑问句，其结构为“陈述句+附加疑问句”，该句中陈述句是复合句，主句的主语是第一人称，that是宾语从句，即“I think/believe/suppose.+that.”结构，附加疑问句须和从句的主谓保持一致，但是陈述句中的宾语从句否定前移了，即think，suppose，believe等词后的宾语从句，如果是否定句，需要把否定转移到think，suppose，believe等词上，所

64、以从句具有否定意义，综上所述，附加疑问句应和从句主谓保持一致，且用肯定意义，应用does he，故选A。16. A【解析】考查动词短语辨析和祈使句。句意：把你的分数加起来，看看你在期末考试中得了多少分。此处为祈使句，空处和see并列，需填动词原形，排除D项；add up意为“把加起来”；add to意为“增加”；add up to意为“合计为”；根据“your score”可知，此处为“把分数加起来”。故选A。17. A【解析】考查祈使句和被动语态。句意：设定价格，使拥有和运行许多电动汽车的成本与化石燃料替代品一样低廉，这样一条新的道路将被开辟。分析可知，第一空涉及“祈使句+and+陈述句”，

65、故第一空用动词原形；第二空，动词open和主语a new path之间为被动关系，空处应填过去分词和will be构成一般将来时的被动语态。综上，故选A。18. D【解析】考查祈使句。句意：帮他一把，他就会尽快摆脱困境。分析句子可知，句中涉及“祈使句+ and+简单句”结构，“give sb. a hand”意为“帮助某人，助某人一臂之力”，句子为祈使句的肯定形式，空格处应用“give”的原形，句首单词首字母大写。故选D项。19. B【解析】考查感叹句。句意：这是多么重要的信息啊！分析句子可知，句子为感叹句，“information”意为“信息”，为不可数名词，故句中应用感叹句型“What+（

66、adj.）+不可数名词+其他”，故空格处应填“What”。故选B项。20. C【解析】考查选择疑问句的回答。句意：你会写故事还是讲故事？我会写故事。A. Yes, I can write stories是的，我会写故事；B. No, I cant tell stories不，我不会讲故事；C.I can write stories我会写故事；D.I cant write stories我不会写故事。分析句子可知前面问句是Can开头的选择疑问句，回答不用Yes或No开头，排除AB；结合句意，前一句问：你会写故事还是讲故事？C选项回答：我会写故事，符合题意。故选C。21. B【解析】考查反义疑问句

67、。句意：汤姆以前从未去过沈阳，是吗？A. does he他是吗，一般现在时的肯定式；B. has he他已经了吗，现在完成时的肯定式；C. doesnt he他不是吗，一般现在时的否定式；D. hasnt he他还没有吗，现在完成时的否定式。结合反义疑问句的规律“前否后肯”，逗号前有否定副词never，可知反义疑问句使用肯定形式，排除CD；结合句中的助动词has可以判断句子时态是现在完成时，反义疑问句也使用现在完成时。故选B。22. A【解析】考查特殊疑问词。句意：从学校到你家有多远?步行大约10分钟。A:How far多远；B:How long多长；C:How often多久一次；D:How

68、 much多少。根据答语“Its about 10minutes walk.（步行大约10分钟）”可知上句问距离。故选A。23. C【解析】考查连词。句意：随着语言的发展，新词不断出现，而许多词却不再使用。A. unless除非；B. so that以至于；C. while然而；D. in case以防万一。根据句意，此处表达对比，while作连词，符合题意。故选C项。24. A【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我计划今年夏天去爬黄山。你想一起去吗？哇！那将是令人兴奋和具有挑战性的。算我一个！A. as well as既又，也；B. as good as和一样好；C. as long as只要；

69、D. as far as远至，就而言。exciting和challenging是两个并列的形容词，用as well as连接。故选A项。25. B【解析】考查连词。句意：根据最近发布的一份报告，北京空气污染的主要原因是汽车尾气排放，而在上海最大的问题是灰尘和重工业。A.as当时候；B.while然而；C.although尽管；D.where在哪里。根据句意，此处前后文表示对比，用并列连词while表示对比。故选B。26. D【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：在上车之前，我以为我已经学会了教练的指令，然而一旦我启动了车，我的大脑一片空白。A. so所以；B. and并且；C. for因为；D. y

70、et然而。上文提到“学会了教练的指令”与后文“启动了车，我的大脑一片空白”构成转折关系，应用yet。故选D。27. B【解析】考查状语从句连词辨析。句意：在做任何决定之前 ，你应该学会兼顾一下你的情感和理智。A. although尽管；B. before在.之前；C. because因为；D. unless除非。根据语境以及分析句子，空格处填引导状语从句的连词，此处应该是表示动作发生的时间先后顺序。故选B项。28. A【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：我的语文很好，而我妹妹的英语很好。A. while然而，在期间；B. when 当时候；C. because因为；D. as正如，当时候。文中表示前后

71、两句意义上的对比，表示“然而”，应用并列连词while。故选A。29. C【解析】考查连词短语。句意：为了推广新产品，广告商不仅花费精力而且花费金钱来制作巨大的广告牌。A. neither . nor 既不也不；B. either . or或是或是；C. not only . but also不但而且； D. not . but不是而是。分析句意可知，此处表示广告商花费精力和金钱来制作广告牌。故选C。30. C【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯库克才穿越了南极洲，但他从未见过陆地。until直到；since自从，既然；not until直到才；although尽管

72、；while（表对比）然而；and和，并且；but但是；yet但是。did the British explorer James Cook cross是部分倒装，选项中只有not until位于句首时，主句采用部分倒装。since，until，although引导从句时，主句均不倒装。根据语境，前后两句之间是转折关系，第二个空可填but或yet。综上，故选C。31. C【解析】考查连词。句意：虽然这些信息当时似乎总是很重要，但绝大多数人第二天都记不太清了。根据句意可知，前句与后句在逻辑上呈现转折关系（信息重要但记不住），只有while可以表示转折关系。故选C项。32. D【解析】考查连词。句意

73、：虽然我说了Tom是个聪明的孩子，但他还是需要努力学习才能完成目标。分析句意可知，前后句逻辑上呈现的是转折关系，其中只有while可以表示转折关系。故选D项。33. D【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：他发现看书越来越费劲，因为他的视力开始变弱。A. and并且；B. but但是；C. or否则；D. for因为。根据句意可知“视力变弱”是“看书越来越费劲”的原因，故D项正确。34. A【解析】考查并列连词。句意：没有办法知道，为什么一个人能做出重大发现而另外一个一样聪明的人却不能。A. while当的时候，然而；B. when当的时候；C. where哪儿；D. why为什么。根据句意，one m

74、an与another man之间是对比关系，应翻译为“然而”。故选A。35. B【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：这个女孩认为她的男朋友给她买了一个价值不菲的项链，然而事实上这条项链是由玻璃制成的。A. when当；B. while当，然而；C. that作为连词；D. as当，因为，尽管。结合句意可知上下句是对比关系，故用“然而”符合语境，故选B项。36. B【解析】考查连词用法。句意：你想来参加聚会吗？我想去，但我得去参加一个讲座。A. and和，与；B. but但是；C. for由于，因为；D. so所以。根据句子前半部分“我想去”和后半部分“我得去参加一个讲座”，可知前后构成转折关系，应

75、使用连词but，故选B。37. D【解析】考查固定句型和并列连词。句意：他刚要上床就在这时门铃响了。本句考查有关并列连词when的常用句型之一，即“主语+was/were about to do. when.”，此处when为并列连词，在意义上等于and at that time/and then ，译为“就在这时”，故选D。38. D【解析】考查并列连词和主谓一致。句意：他的孩子以及妻子被邀请了去参加聚会。as well 固定词组，表示“也，和”，只能用于句末；as well as固定搭配，意为“也，和”，当as well as 连接两个主语时，谓语动词应和第一个主语保持一致。分析句子可知，

76、此句的谓语动词应和his children保持一致，故应用were。结合选项，故选D。39. B【解析】考查连词。句意：这个年轻的妈妈看到孩子掉到了地上，把她吓得要命。分析句子可知，逗号前后没有连词，故排除A、D；用and连接两个句子，且在此用that作主语，which表示“哪一个”不合语境。故选B。40. C【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：“穿上外套，否则你会感冒的！”这就是我妈妈经常对我说的话。A. and并且；B. but但是；C. or或者；否则；D. so因此。根据句中内容you will catch a cold，可知它是不穿大衣的后果，表示不做某事的后果用连词or“否则”，其它选项句

77、意不通。故选C。二、141. happening42. rose43. them44. to eat45. looking46. At47. bright48. be heard49. But50. who【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍地震来临之前出现很多反常现象，很多动物躁动不安，但是城里的人没有什么察觉。41. 考查动词时态。句意：河北东北部的乡村正发生一些奇怪的事情。根据上文were可知为过去进行时，故填happening。42. 考查动词时态。句意：三天来，村里井里的水涨了又跌。根据下文并列谓语and fell可知应用一般过去时rose。43. 考查人称代词。句意：农民们注意到井壁上

78、有很深的裂缝。介词in后跟人称代词宾格形式，故填them。44. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在农场里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得吃不下东西。本句为tooto结构，表示“太以致于不能”，故填to eat。45. 考查非谓语动词。句意：老鼠跑出田野，寻找藏身之处。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故look只能做非谓语动词与逻辑主语mice构成主谓关系，用现在分词，故填looking。46. 考查介词。句意：1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右，一些人看到天空中有明亮的灯光。根据下文about 3:00 am on July 28th, 1976为时间点可知应填介词At。47. 考查形容词。light为名词需要形

79、容词修饰，故填bright。48. 考查被动语态。句意：即使天空中没有飞机，在唐山城外也能听到飞机的声音。本句主语The sound of planes与谓语动词构成被动，且could后用动词原形，故填be heard。49. 考查连词。句意：但是，这座城市的100万居民，对这些事件并不以为然，那天晚上像往常一样睡着了。根据句意前后文为转折关系，故用but。50. 考查定语从句连接词。本句为定语从句修饰先行词one million people，且先行词在定语从句中做主语，指人，故用关系代词who。251. has received52. to provide53. leaving54. to

80、55. preparations56. but57. equipment58. the59. largest60. which【解析】这是一篇说明文。中国东方航空公司（China Eastern Airlines）获工信部批准在21架航班上提供舱内Wi-Fi服务，成为全国首家同时向国内、国际航班旅客提供“空中上网”服务的航空公司。51. 考查谓语时态。句意：中国东方航空公司已经获工信部批准，同意其在21架飞机上提供空中上网服务。根据空前so far可知空处填现在完成时，故填has received。52. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子中包含“the first +名词+ to do

81、sth.”是固定句式句式。故填to provide。53. 考查非谓语动词。 本句句子的主要成分完整，passengers是主语，will have 是谓语，access是宾语。根据句子结构可知，这里应填现在分词leaving作定语修饰主语passengers。故填leaving。54. 考查介词。句意：前往纽约、洛杉矶、旧金山、多伦多、北京和广州的乘客可以通过一颗通讯卫星使用me Wi-Fi服务。根据句意可知， have access to sth.是固定搭配，表示“有机会或权利利用某物”，故填to。55. 考查名词。根据空白处前面的形容词operational可以知道，该空白处应填名词，p

82、repare的名词形式是preparation，且常使用其复数形式。故填preparations。56. 考查并列连词。句意：这21架飞机的Wi-Fi服务一开始是免费的，但目前正在讨论收费清单。根据句意可知，此处表示转折关系，故填but。57. 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空白处应填名词，equip的名词形式是equipment，且equipment是不可数名词。故填equipment。58. 考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，空处填冠词，再根据上下文，这里的approval是特指，故前面应使用定冠词。故填the。59. 考查形容词最高级。句意：中国有能力成为世界上最大的航空市场。根据句意可知，空白

83、处应填形容词large的最高级形式。故填largest。60. 考查定语从句关系代词。分析句子结构可知，空处填关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面句子的market。故应用关系代词which。361. swept62. or63. shown64. who65. are66. adjustment（s）67. truly68. effective69. in70. its【解析】这是一篇议论文。谁更聪明？人类还是人工智能？AlphaGo在围棋领域击败了人类，但这能说明人工智能可以取代人类的大脑吗？不同的人对未来有不同的看法。61. 考查时态。根据从句中的“defeated”可知，此处的事

84、情发生在过去，故主句应用一般过去时态。故填swept。62. 考查连词。句意：人工智能的全面发展，简而言之，可能意味着人类的终结。artificial intelligence或简称为AI。该空表示“或者”。故填or。63. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们真的要活在“终结者”电影里的世界里了吗？3（show）in the Terminator（终结者）movies是定语，修饰the world。the world和show之间是被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语。故填shown。64. 考查定语从句。4 is optimistic about the future是非限制性定语从句。修饰John

85、Markoff。引导词在从句中作主语，指人，应该用who引导该从句。故填who。65. 考查时态与主谓一致。句意：像视觉和平衡这样的事物在我们的生活中是自然的，平凡的。这里说的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。根据主谓一致原则，谓语动词应该和things保持一致，故填are。66. 考查名词。空处在句中作making的宾语，需要用名词形式。故填adjustment（s）。67. 考查副词。空处在句中修饰谓语动词begin，需要用副词形式。故填truly。68. 考查形容词。该处考查make+宾语+宾语补足语结构，宾语补足语应该用形容词。且空前有more修饰，故该处填effective。69. 考查介

86、词。句意：我们的命运由我们自己控制。表示“由某人控制”，应该用in ones hands。故填in。70. 考查代词。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词creators，故应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。471. highest72. The73. Located74. leading75. confirmed76. of77. guests78. What79. impression80. yourselves【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了上海天锦餐厅被吉尼斯世界纪录认证为楼内最高餐厅。71. 考查形容词最高级。句意：周二，上海天锦餐厅以556.36米的高度被吉尼斯世界纪录认证为大楼内最高的

87、餐厅。结合句意和空格前定冠词the可知，提示词应用最高级highest作定语，修饰名词restaurant 。故填highest。72. 考查冠词。句意：之前的纪录保持者是迪拜的哈利法塔的AT. MOSPHERE餐厅。根据句意，“之前的纪录保持者”是独一无二的存在，特指，用定冠词the限定，句首字母大写。故填The。73. 考查非谓语动词。句意：位于中国最高建筑上海中心大厦120层的天锦酒店隶属于J酒店，J酒店是中国领先的高端旅游酒店品牌。分析句子可知，“(locate) on the 120th floor of Shanghai Tower”作地点状语，locate (建造于；把安置在 )

88、是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语Heavenly Jin之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。句首单词首字母大写。故填Located。74. 考查形容词。句意：位于中国最高建筑上海中心大厦120层的天锦酒店隶属于J酒店，J酒店是中国领先的高端旅游酒店品牌。根据句意，提示词作定语修饰名词high-end hotel brand，应用其同根形容词leading，意为“一流的；领先的”。故填leading。75. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：上周二，吉尼斯世界纪录大全评委麦琪罗证实了这一结果，随后颁发了证书，并在仪式上揭开了一块牌匾。分析句子可知，confirm(证实)是句中谓语动词，与主语Maggie Lu

89、o之间是主动关系，结合时间状语Last Tuesday可知应用一般过去时态。故填confirmed。76. 考查介词。句意：这个记录对我们意义重大。“be of + 抽象名词”相当于“be + (抽象名词对应的)形容词”，用来说明主语具有某种特征或属性；句中是“is of (great) significance”，相当于“is very significant”。故填of。77. 考查名词。句意：我们欢迎来自世界各地的客人在云端体验更高层次的体验。可数名词guest作宾语，结合“from all over the world”可知应用其复数形式。故填guests。78. 考查主语从句。句意：

90、你在这里的所见所感将给你留下难忘的印象。连接代词what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，表示“的人/事/物/话/地方”。分析句子可知，空格后是主语从句，从句引导词在从句中作see和feel的宾语，表示“你所听到和感受到的事情”，应用连接代词what引导词该宾语从句。句首单词首字母大写。故填What。79. 考查名词。句意：你在这里的所见所感将给你留下难忘的印象。根据空格前不定冠词an可知，应填入单词名词impression作宾语。故填impression。80. 考查反身代词。句意：你们会发现这是一个放松和娱乐你们自己的好机会。反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词具有互指关系，通常当

91、主语与宾语是同一人或物时需使用反身代词。根据句意“放松和娱乐你们自己”可知，此处主语All of you发出的动作施加在自己身上，应使用反身代词yourselves。故填yourselves。581. Incredibly82. completing83. to assist84. released85. and86. on87. had been arranged88. length89. central90. that【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新南龙铁路建造的过程和意义。81. 考查副词。句意：令人难以置信的是，大约1500名工人仅用9个小时就完成了中国南部福建省的一个新火车站的建

92、设。修饰后面的整个句子，需用副词incredibly作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Incredibly。82. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定短语，意为“花费时间做某事”，空处需填动名词作宾语。故填completing。83. 考查非谓语动词。句意：7列火车和23台挖掘机被用来协助这项庞大的工程。be used to do sth.为固定用法，空处需填动词不定式。故填to assist。84. 考查非谓语动词。句意：网上发布的一段视频显示，这名建筑工人如何将三条主要铁路与新建成的南龙铁路连接起来。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词show

93、ed，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，A video和release为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填released。85. 考查连词。句意：他们还设置了交通信号和一些其他的交通监控设备，可以确保交通的顺畅流动。前后句是并列关系，需用连词and连接。故填and。86. 考查介词。句意：它从1月19日凌晨开始，一天后结束。表示在具体某一天上午，需用介词on。故填on。87. 考查动词时态语态。句意：由于工人被安排到七个单位，同时承担不同的任务，所以项目紧凑得如此之快。the workers和arrange为被动关系，需用被动语态，表示发生在主句动作之前，表示“过去的过去”，使用过去完成时。故

94、填had been arranged。88. 考查名词。句意：新建成的南龙铁路全长246公里，是连接中国南部和中部的主要交通纽带。in length为固定短语，意为“在长度上”。故填length。89. 考查形容词。句意同上。修饰名词China需用形容词作定语。故填central。90. 考查定语从句。句意：它可以支持最大时速200公里的大型列车。空处引导定语从句，先行词trains，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词引导，先行词有形容词最高级the most massive修饰，只能用that引导。故填that。691. Weighing92. whose93. argument94.

95、What95. tallest96. The97. be built98. on99. finally100. holds【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文详细介绍了法国埃菲尔铁塔。91. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这座塔重7000吨，它不是一直矗立在那里。分析句子结构可知，该句谓语是wasnt meant to stand，weigh与逻辑主语the tower 之间是主动关系，故要用现在分词形式weighing作状语。故填Weighing。92. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：法国工程师古斯塔夫亚历山大埃菲尔的威名主要来自他的铁桥，他为1889年的环球展览建造了这座桥。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句

96、，先行词是the French engineer，此处表示“法国工程师的”，关系词在从句中作定语，应该用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故填whose。93. 考查名词。句意：在19世纪80年代，这座塔受到了一些人的赞扬，也受到了一些人的谴责，引发了许多争论。动词argue的名词形式argument意为“争论”，在动词created 后作宾语，构成动宾结构。故填argument。94. 考查主语从句关系词。句意：使它免于被拆毁的是无线电的到来作为欧洲最高的建筑，它是放置无线电天线的完美场所。分析句子结构可知，这是一个主语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，应该用what，句子开头首字母大写。故填Wha

97、t。95. 考查形容词的最高级。句意：使它免于被拆毁的是无线电的到来作为欧洲最高的建筑，它是放置无线电天线的完美场所。形容词tall意为“高的”，最高级是tallest，根据句意可知，此处指“最高的（建筑）”，是形容词最高级用法。故填tallest。96. 考查冠词。句意：这座开放式框架结构的塔楼开启了钢结构几乎无限的可能性，为摩天大楼铺平了道路。分析上下文可知，该句中表示特指上文提到过的tower，即埃菲尔铁塔，应该用定冠词the修饰。故填The。97. 考查被动语态。句意：有人说它无法建造，埃菲尔实际上想把它建得更高。主语it和谓语动词build之间是被动关系，该空前是情态动词couldn

98、t，该空应该填 be动词+过去分词built。故填be built。98. 考查介词。句意：多年来，它一直是地球上最高的人造结构，直到帝国大厦等摩天大楼最终诞生。短语on the earth表示“在地球上”，故填on。99. 考查副词。句意：多年来，它一直是地球上最高的人造结构，直到帝国大厦等摩天大楼最终诞生。final副词finally意为“最终地”，修饰该句作状语。故填finally。100. 考查时态。句意：这个溜冰场一次可以容纳80名溜冰者，比一般的网球场大一点。分析句意可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是The rink是单数，从句中关系代词which指代先行词The rink，表示“这个溜冰场一次可以容纳80名溜冰者”，是客观事实，从句中的谓语动词用一般现在时，hold应该用第三人称单数形式holds。故填holds。