Unit 1 Grammar 讲义-江苏省丹阳高级中学2021-2022学年高一英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第一册.docx

1、Module 1 Unit 1 GrammarPart 1: 课前检测1.challenge n.&vt.挑战_adj.挑战的_n.挑战者2.thinking n. 思维_ n.想法_ v.思考；认为3.acquire vt.获得_ n.习得;获得物4.advance v.&n.进步_adj.先进的5.amazing adj.令人惊喜的_vt.使惊讶_ adj.感到惊讶的_n.惊异6.confidence n.自信_adj.自信的7. _n.资源8. equal v.&n.&adj.相等_ adv.同样地_v.使平等_n.平等9. improve v.提升_n.改进10.character n

2、.性格；人物_adj.典型的11.responsible adj.有责任的_v.回答_ n.责任_ adv.负责地答案：1. challenging/challenger2. thought/think3. acquisition4. advanced5. amaze/ amazed/amazement6. confident7. resource8. equally/equal/equality9. improvement10. characteristic11. respond/responsible/responsibly【重点短语】1.迫不及待做2.像3.导致4.充满5.在于6.能够处

3、理7.做的机会8.最重要的是9.通向潜力的大门10. 简言之11.取得进步12.对有自信13.对有影响14.充分利用15.利用16.向学习17. 利用18.积极参与19.同等重要的是20.设立(清晰的)目标21. 平衡22.努力做23.对待；看待24.及时；经过一段时间25.发展为26.最后但同等重要的27.需要做28. 发展个性29.对负责30.竭尽全力31.和不同32. 期待33.计划做34.和交朋友1.迫不及待做cant wait to do sth2.像be like3.导致lead to4.充满be full of5.在于lie in6.能够处理rise to7.做的机会have t

4、he opportunity to dosth 8.最重要的是most importantly9.通向潜力的大门 door to the potential10. 简言之put it simply11.取得进步make advances12.对有自信be confident in13.对有影响make a difference14.充分利用make good use of15.利用take advantage of16.向学习learn from17. 利用make the best of18.积极参与take an active in19.同等重要的是of equal importance2

5、0.设立(清晰的)目标set clear goals21. 平衡balance A and B22.努力做struggle to do sth23.对待；看待view.as24.及时；经过一段时间over time25.发展为develop as 26.最后但同等重要的last but not least27.需要做require to do28. 发展个性develop character29.对负责be responsible for 30.竭尽全力make every effort to31.和不同be different from32. 期待look forward to doing

6、33.计划做plan to do34.和交朋友make friends withGrammar句子成分句子是表达思想的基本单位，主要的句子成分( sentence elements)有主语(S)、谓语(V)、宾语(O)、补语(C)、状语(A)、表语(P)、定语(Attr.)等。具体如下:1. 主语( subject): 指句子所谈论的主体。如: The teacher gave a speech. Beijing is the capital of China.2. 谓语(verb)：谓语又称为“谓词”，指谓语部分的主要动词，通常说明主语所做的动作或主语的特征和状态。如： Many stude

7、nts join school clubs. The weather is nice.3. 宾语( object)：通常指动作的对象。有的动词后面可以接两个宾语，通常把其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语( indirect object),把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语( direct object)。如： We should develop good study habits. Jack offered me some helpful advice.4. 补语( complement)：补语分为主语补语( subject complement)和宾语补语( objectcomplement)，用来补充

8、说明主语或宾语的 特征或情况。如: He is made chairman of the club. Listening to music makes me relaxed.5. 状语( adverbial)：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。如: Maggle plans her study carefully. Clearly, talking to him is a mistake.6. 表语( predicative)：指系动词后面的成分，通常说明主语的身份、特征和状态。常见的连系动词有be、become、feel、look、seem等。如： Its a lovely day. I f

9、eel happy.7. 定语( attributive)：修饰名词或代词。如: I went to a large library yesterday. He doesnt have anything to do at the moment.句子结构常见的句子结构( sentence structures)有以下八种:1. 主谓：主语+谓语(SV)。如： The car stopped.2. 主系表：主语+连系动词+表语(SVP)。如：Mary seemed pleased.3. 主谓宾：主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)。如： I love ice cream.4. 主谓宾宾：主语+谓语+间接宾语

10、+直接宾语 (SVOO)。如: Tom gave me a present.5. 主谓宾补：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语 (SVOC)。如: We consider the work challenging.6. 主谓状：主语+谓语+状语(SVA)。如: They work hard.7. 主谓宾状: 主语+谓语+宾语+状语(SVOA)。 如： We like the film very much.8. 存现句：引导词 there引导的句子。如： There is a sports centre in our school.On the first day of school, Miss Yan

11、 gave a short speech about the importance of setting goals. Pay attention to the underlined sentences and fill in the table below. The first one has been done for you.Albert Einstein said, “If you want to live a happy life, tie it to a goal.” (1) I agree. Goals are important in many ways. (2)Setting

12、 goals gives you a focus in life. By setting goals now, you are deciding what you want to achieve in the future. Then you know where you are going in life and can work hard to get there. Setting goals also helps you develop good habits. To realize your goals, you need to have a good plan, manage you

13、r time well and pay attention to details. (3) These habits will be helpful. Finally, (4) setting goals makes you more confident. When you achieve a goal, you see the result of your hard work and know how much progress you have made. A goal is a dream that needs action. As a result of your action, yo

14、ur dream will come true and hopefully (5) you will live a happy life.a. SV b. SVP c. SVO d. SVOOe. SVOC f. SVA g. SVOASetting goals is the first step in achieving them. (1) The tips below may help you.Set goals that can be achieved. Dont push yourself to achieve more than what is possible. Instead,

15、you should set goals based on your abilities and skills. Break big goals into small ones. When you do so, (2) they will seem easier to reach. You will be proud of yourself when you realize each small goal. (3)This will also give you the encouragement to achieve you long-term goal. Write your goals o

16、n paper. It is a good idea to put your goals where you can see them. (4) You can keep the list on your bedside table. Or you can stick it on your bedroom wall. This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused. After you set a goal, it is important to stick to it and work hard to

17、wards it. (5) You may find achieving goals difficult. But (6) you should not give up. Instead, stay positive and confident. (7)You will succeed in the end.(SVSVOSVOCSVOASVPSVOOSVA)1. The doctor left in a hurry. _ 2. A terrible fire broke out. _ 3. My uncle Milton received his draft notice. _ 4. Silk

18、 feels soft and smooth. _ 5. I will keep my room clean and tidy. _ 6. The boy disturbs his mother from time to time. _ 7. The young lady handed the poor boy a basket of eggs. _ 答案;SVA、SV、SVO、SVP、SVOC、SVOA、SVOO 用括号里的结构翻译下列句子1. 桌上的布摸起来柔软。(SVP) _2. 澳大利亚出了一些著名画家和世界级的作家。(SVO) _3. 让他吃惊的是，他发现一些女孩在踢足球。(SVOC

19、) _4. 尽管年轻，她大胆地表达了她的想法。(SVOA) _5. 老师旁的那个老人给了我们许多礼物。(SVOO) _答案：The cloth on the table feels soft.Australia produced some famous painters and world-class writers.To his surprise, he found some girls playing football.Though she is young, she has expressed her opinions bravely.The old man beside the tea

20、cher gave us a lot of presents.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Talking to Children about DisastersNatural disasters are terrible events.They are difficult for adults and children.But adults should not be afraid to talk to children about natural disasters. 9 But talking can help children fee

21、l safer and less afraid of the future.Here are five things adults can do when children show fear of natural disasters.First, adults should be willing to talk with children.When children are allowed to talk about their fears, they feel safer.Sometimes, the best thing an adult can do is just listen. 1

22、0 Second, 11 When answering their questions, it is best to give short, honest answers.If you do not know the answer, you can be honest and say that you do not know.Third, it is important to wait until a child is ready to talk about a natural disaster. Adults should not force children to talk.Fourth,

23、 help children feel safe. 12 One way is very simple: adults can tell frightened children that they love them. It is also important for children to do the same things they do every day. Simple things like going to school and eating dinner can help children feel normal.Fifth, use activities to help ch

24、ildren communicate their fears. Heshani was 13 when the Indian Ocean tsunami ruined her house in SriLanka. One year later, she was still living under the shadow of the natural disaster. She did not like to visit her ruined house.And she did not want to talk about the problems her family had.However,

25、 she loved to write. 13 Writing poems was a way for her to share her fears since she did not like to talk about them.Alet children ask questions.BThere are many ways to do this.CTalking cannot stop natural disasters from happening.Dlearning is of great importance to adults.EWe should feel safe first

26、.FWhatever the fear is，it is important to listen and be patient with the child.GAnd she often shared her feelings about the tsunami in her poems.答案：CFABG语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Pollution takes away all the beauty of the beaches of Hawaii. I hate to go to the beaches on 1. (sun) weeken

27、ds and see rubbish bags 22. (lie) on the sand, cigarette butts (烟头) 31. (bury) in the sand, and soda cans floating in the ocean.One thing that really annoys me is 3. I see tourists who visit Hawaii leave their rubbish on the beaches. I was always taught after drinking soda to throw the can into the

28、place where it should stay atthe trash can. Another thing that annoys me is that some people walk right by rubbish 4. pretend that its not there.The dogs or the fish are not to blame for it. Its our fault and we must blame 5.(we)Everyone has to do his or her part 6. (solve) this problem. It cant be

29、difficult to do the job. There are a lot of things that we can do.First of all, we can help pick up rubbish along 7. beaches. We could also form organizations that help clean up our beaches. More importantly, we need to start now before the beaches 8. (damage) beyond repair.答案： 1. sunny； 2. lying; 3

30、. that; 4. to 5. ourselves 6. to solve 7. the 8. are damaged语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The town of Bentonia, in the southern state of Mississippi, has fewer than 500 people. But it is known 36 the birthplace of a special style of blues music. One musician is doing 37 he can to keep the m

31、usic and storytelling tradition alive.Jimmy Duck Holmes is 73 years old. He is the last remaining Bentonia blues 1 （perform）. He was just nominated（提名）for a Grammy Award for Best Traditional Blues Album. He hopes the album, 2 （call） Cypress Grove, will help save the Bentonia blues long after he is g

32、one.The world has changed around Holmes and his Blue Front Caf, the 3 （old）surviving juke joint（小酒馆）of the country. Across the South, these spaces were 4 （historical）owned and visited by African Americans. But many juke joints have closed as owners have passed away. Blues experts believe Holmes is t

33、he only American 5 （run）a juke joint passed down by his parents.The Grammy Awards take place this year on March 14. Holmes plans to watch the ceremony from the Blue Front Cafe. He cannot go to 6 event in person because of the coronavirus pandemic. Instead, he will 7 （surround）by musicians from across Mississippi 8 want to perform with him.答案;1.as 2.what 3.called 4.oldest 5.historically 6. running 7. the 8. be surrounded 8. who