Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation？-2022-2023学年八年级英语上册同步必备知识清单（人教版）.docx

1、Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation？八年级英语上册必备知识清单一、词汇知识清单I、课标词汇注意英译汉anyone eniwn pron.任何人anywhere eniwe(r) adv.任何地方 n.任何(一个)地方wonderful wndfl adj.精彩的；极好的few fju adj.很少的；n.少量most mst adj.最多的；大多数的；something sm pron.某事物；nothing(=notanything) n pron.没有什么n.没有myself maself pron.我自己everyone evriwn pron.每人；

2、人人yourself jself pron.你自己；你亲自hen hen n.母鸡；雌禽bored bd adj.无聊的；厌烦的；郁闷的pig n.猪diary dari n.日记；日记簿(keep a diary)seem sim vi.似乎；好像someone smwn pron.某人；有人activity ktvti n.活动；活跃decide dsad v.决定；选定(decide to do sth.)try tra v.尝试；设法；努力 (try to do sth. /try doing sth.)bird bd n.鸟；禽paragliding prlad n.空中滑翔跳伞bi

3、cycle baskl n.自行车building bld n.建筑物trader tred(r) n.商人；商船wonder wnd(r) v.惊奇；想知道；怀疑difference dfrns n.差异；不同top tp n.顶部；顶wait wet v.等；等待(wait for)umbrella mbrel n.伞；雨伞wet wet adj.湿的；雨天的below bl prep.低于；在.下面adv.在下面as z conj.如同；像.一样enough nf adj.足够的adv.足够地；充分地duck dk n.鸭肉；鸭hungry(反full) hri adj.饥饿的；渴望的d

4、islike dslak v.不喜欢；厌恶 n.不喜爱；厌恶；反感II、语法词汇知其变注意词性变化1. anyone eniwn pron.任何人-someone某些人-no one没有人2. anywhere eniwe(r) adv.任何地方 n.-somewhere某些地方-nowhere没有地方3. wonderful wndfl adj.极好的-adv.wonderfully.极好地-V.wonder 想知道-n.wonder奇迹4. few fju adj.很少的；n.少量-比较级fewer-最高级fewest5. most mst adj.最多的；大多数的；-原级many /mu

5、ch-比较级more-adv.几乎全部的，主要的 mainly6. something sm pron.某事物；-anything任何事情-nothing什么也没有 7. nothing(=notanything) pron.没有什么-anything任何东西-something一些东西 8. myself maself pron.我自己-主格I-名物代mine-宾格me9. everyone evriwn pron.每人；人人-somebody某些人-anybody任何人10. yourself jself pron.你自己；你亲自-主/宾格you-形物代your-名物代yours11. b

6、ored bd adj.无聊的；厌烦的；-adj.boring令人厌烦的-n.boredom厌烦，厌倦-v.bore使厌倦12. pig n.猪-n/adj piggy 小猪/像猪一样的13. seem sim vi.似乎；好像-adv. seemingly 表面上，显得，好像14. someone smwn pron.某人；有人-anyone任何人15. activity ktvti n.活动；活跃-v.act表演，行动-n.actor男演员-n.actress女演员-n.action行动，行为 16. decide dsad v.决定；选定-n. decision决心-adj. decis

7、ive决定性的,果断的-n.decider 决定者17, try tra v.尝试；设法；努力 (try to do sth. /try doing sth.)（tried-tried ） -n.trial试验18. bicycle baskl n.自行车-v.cycle 骑自行车-n.cyclist自行车骑手19. building bld n.建筑物-v.build建造，建立(built-built)-n.builder建造者，建立者 20. trader tred(r) n.商人；商船-v.、n trade经商，贸易21. wonder wnd(r) v.惊奇；想知道-wonderful

8、 .adj.极好的-wonderfully.adv.极好地22. difference dfrns n.差异；不同-v.differ与.不同-adj.different不同的（more different， most different）-adv.differently不同地，相异地23. top tp n.顶部；顶 -adj. top (无最高级)24. wait wet v.等；等待(wait for)-n.waitress女服务员-n.waiter男服务员25. wet wet adj.湿的；雨天的-adj.wetter比较级-wettest最高级26. duck dk n.鸭肉；鸭-n

9、.duckling小鸭子27. hungry(反full) hri adj.饥饿的；-n. hunger 饥饿 -hungrier（比较级）-hungriest（最高级）-adv.hungrily 饥饿地28. dislike dslak v.不喜欢；厌恶 -v. like喜欢 -adj.likely可能的-adj.unlikely不可能 -prep.unlike 不像III、重点短语知搭配注意固定短语的英汉互译1. go on vacation去度假 2. stay at home待在家里 3.go to the mountains去爬山4.go to the beach去海滩 5.visi

10、t museums 参观博物馆 6.go to summer camp去参加夏令营7.quite a few相当多 8.study for tests为测验而学习 9.go out出去 10.most of the time大部分时间 11.have a good time doing=have fun doing =enjoy oneself玩得高兴 12.of course=sure =certainly当然 13.feel like给的感觉；感受到 14.go shopping去购物 15.in the past在过去 16.walk around四处走走 17.because of 因

11、为18. a/one bowl of 一碗 19. the next day第二天 20.drink tea喝茶 21.find out找出；查明 22.go on继续 23.take photos照相 24.something important重要的事 25.up and down上上下下e up出来 e out 出版发行28.go out with anyone 跟别人出去 29.say about 发表对看法 30.rain hard 雨下得大31.too much 太多 IV、核心单词知用法注意固定短语、句型和词块Section A1. Where did you go on vac

12、ation? (P. 1) on vacation意为“在度假”，结构“on+名词”表示“在某种状态中”。 2. .visited my uncle (P. 1) visit此处用作及物动词，后接人或物做宾语，意为“拜访、看望”，后接表示地点的名词，意为“参观、游览”。 I visited my grandmother last week. 3. .go with anyone? (P. 2) (1) anyone用作不定代词，意为“有人、任何人”，相当于anybody，用于疑问句和否定句中，在肯定句中用someone或者somebody。但是anyone也可以用在肯定句中，表示“任何一个人”

13、。 Did you meet anyone friendly in that city? Anyone can be helpful in some way. (2) anyone只能指人，不可以指物，后面不接of短语；any one既可以指人也可以指物，后可接of短语。 Anyone in my class knows any one of the singers and any one of their sons. 4. .buy anything special? (P. 2) (1) buy用作双宾语动词，表示“买”，常用的结构为“buy sb. sth.”或者“buy sth. fo

14、r sb.”，表示“为某人买某物”。 My father bought me a bike.=My father bought a bike for me. 【拓展】可接双宾语的动词还有give, bring, show, tell, sell等。 give sb. sth.=give sth. to sb. 给某人某物 bring sb. sth.=bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人 show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb. 给某人看某物 tell sb. sth.=tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某物 sell sb. sth.=sell st

15、h. to sb. 把某物卖给某人 (2) 形容词修饰复合不定代词（something/body/one, anything/body/one, nothing/body/one, everything/body/one）时，放在复合不定代词后面。 I have something important to tell you. 5. We took quite a few photos there. (P. 2) take photos意为“拍照、照相”，take a photo/photos of sb./sth.意为“给拍照”。 We took many photos on the Gre

16、at Wall. Could you take a photo of us? 6. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax. (P. 2) most of表示“中大多数”，后接可数名词或者不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于后面所接名词的单复数。 Most of the food goes bad. Most of us are going to the park. 7. No, I bought nothing. (P. 3) nothing用作不定代词，表示“没有任何东西”，相当于not anything。 I

17、 did nothing special last month.=I didnt do anything special last month. 8. Did everyone have a good time? (P. 3) have a good time表示“玩得开心”，后接动词ing，表示“做某事很开心”，have a good time相当于enjoy oneself/have fun。 We had a good time at the party. =We enjoyed ourselves at the party. =We had fun at the party. I ha

18、d a good time playing with my friends on the playground. 9. How did you like it? (P. 3) How do you like.?意为“你认为怎么样”，相当于How do you feel about.?或者What do you think of.? -How do you like the film? -Wonderful. 10. Did you go shopping? (P. 3) go shopping表示“去购物、去买东西”，相当于do some shopping。类似的短语还有：go swimmin

19、g, go skating, go fishing, go hiking, go boating, go camping等。 I went shopping and bought something for my parents. 11. Of course! (P. 3) of course意为“当然”，相当于sure或者certainly。 -May I borrow your dictionary? -Of course! 12. Still no one seemed to be bored. (P. 3) (1) seem用作系动词，表示“似乎、好像”，常用的结构有：seem+adj

20、./to be/that+句子。 The story seems true. What he said seemed to be a lie. It seems that they are going to pull down the house. (2) bored表示“感到厌倦的”，用来说明人的感受；boring表示“令人厌烦的、单调的”，用来说明事物的特征。 The film was so boring that almost anyone felt bored. 【拓展】以ed结尾的形容词，通常用来修饰或者描述人，以ing结尾的动词，通常用来修饰或者描述物，类似的形容词还有：inter

21、esting/interested; exciting/excited; surprising/surprised。 Section B1. What activities do you find enjoyable? (P. 5) (1) find这里表示“发现、觉得”，宾语后常接宾语补足语，常用的结构有：find sb./sth+n./adj./doing sth./介词短语。 The students find her a kind teacher. I find the book useful. When I passed his house,I found his wife cook

22、ing. Finally, they found the boy in the tree. (2) enjoyable是enjoy的形容词形式，表示“有趣的、令人愉快的”。 Im sure that we will have an enjoyable vacation. The job is enjoyable and I like it. 2. I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. (P. 5) arrive作不及物动词，表示“到达”，接宾语时，需要加上介词in或者at。 例如： When did you a

23、rrive? We are arriving at the station at two oclock. 【拓展】reach表示“到达”时，是及物动词，后面直接接表示地点的名词作宾语。另外两个表示“到达”的动词（get和arrive）都是不及物动词，get to+地点；arrive in/at+地点。 3. .so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel. (P. 5) decide表示“决定”时，常用的结构为：decide to do sth.“决定做某事”。 The government decided to build another s

24、chool in this village. 4. My sister and I tried paragliding. (P. 5) try doing sth. “尝试做某事”；try to do sth. “尽力做某事”。 The doctor tries to save the sick girl. boy tried playing the piano. 【拓展】try也可以用作名词，表示“尝试”，have a try表示“尝试一下”。 Im going to have a try. 5. I felt like I was a bird. (P. 5) feel like此处表示“

25、感觉像”，后接从句。 He feels like he is swimming. 【拓展】feel like还可以表示“想要”，后接名词、代词或者动名词做宾语，feel like doing sth.=would like to do sth.=want to do sth. Do you feel like going out for a walk with me? =Would you like to go out for a walk with me? =Do you want to go out for a walk with me? 6. There are a lot of new

26、 buildings now.(P. 5) a lot of相当于lots of表示“许多”，可以用来修饰可数名词复数或者不可数名词。 There is a lot of rain in summer in this place. 【拓展】 只修饰不可数名词的量词有：a little, little, a great deal of, much, too much 只修饰可数名词的量词有：a few, few, several, many, too many, a number of 既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的量词有：some, any, a lot of, lots of, p

27、lenty of 7. I wonder what life was like here in th past. (P. 5) wonder表示“好奇、想知道”，后接whether/if, what, who, why等引导宾语从句。 I wonder what they are doing now. I wonder if you can help me. 8. I really enjoyed walking around the town. (P. 5) enjoy用作及物动词，表示“喜欢”，后接名词、代词或者动名词做宾语。 Do you enjoy music? I dont enjo

28、y sleeping with the window open. 9. What a difference a day makes! (P. 5) 本句是what引导的感叹句，what引导的感叹句常用的结构有：“What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语”或者“What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语”。 What a beautiful flower! What interesting books these are! What heavy snow it is! 【拓展】how引导的感叹句的结构为“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语”。 How beautiful t

29、he bird is! How fast Mary runs! 10. We wanted to walk up to the top, but then it started raining a little so we decided to take the train. (P. 5) (1) want表示“想要”时，为及物动词，后接不定式作宾语或者用于句型“want sb. to do sth.”中，表示“想要某人做某事”。 They dont want to throw away the old furniture. She wants her parents to pay for t

30、he car. (2) start后常接名词、动词不定式或者动名词作宾语，用法相当于begin。 When shall we start the meeting? Lets start discussing/to discuss about the next problem. 11. We waited over an hour for the train because there are too many people. (P. 5) (1) wait for sb./sth.“等待某人或者某事”；wait to do sth.“等待做某事”；cant wait to do sth.“迫不

31、及待做某事” We are waiting for the result of the exam. All the passengers are waiting to get on the bus. The children cant wait to rush out after the class is over. (2) over此处表示“多于、超过”，相当于more than。 My father is over 40 years old. (3) too much, much too和too many辨析 too much太多（的）用作形容词，修饰不可数名词I have too muc

32、h homework to do.用作副词，修饰动词Dont eat too much.much too太用作副词，修饰形容词和副词The picture is much too beautiful.too many太多的用作形容词，修饰可数名词复数The little boy has too many questions to ask.12. And because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below. (P. 5) (1) because of意为“因为、由于”，后接名词、代词或者动名词，because是连词，引导原因状语从句

33、，后接一个句子。 He is late for school because of the bad weather. =He is late for school because the weather is bad. (2) below表示“在以下、低于”，反义词是above，意为“在之上，超过”。 It was five degrees below zero last night. 13. My father didnt bring enough money.(P. 5) (1) bring表示“带来”，强调从别的地方带到说话的地方，常与副词here连用；take表示“带走”，强调从说话的

34、地方带去别的地方，常与副词there连用；carry表示“搬、抬”，没有方向性。 The students brought their homework to school in the morning and take them home after school. (2) enough可以用作形容词，表示“足够的、充分的”，用来修饰名词，可以放在名词前面，也可以放在名词后面。 The rich man has enough money. =The rich man has money enough. 【拓展】enough还可以用作副词，修饰形容词或者副词，放在形容词或者副词后面，常用的结构

35、为：be +adj.+enough+to do sth.“足够能够做某事”。 The boy is old enough to go to school. The father works hard enough for his family. 14. Well, but the next day was not as good. (P. 5) 当我们要表示双方某方面(如年龄、身高等)程度相同或不同时，常用asas或not asas结构，表示“和一样”或“和不一样”。如： Mary is as careful as Linda玛丽和琳达一样仔细。 He does not run as fast

36、 as Tom他跑步没有汤姆快。 15. .because we forgot to bring an umbrella. (P. 6) forget to do sth.“忘记做某事”，强调忘记去做某事，实际上也没有做；forget doing sth.“忘记做过某事”，强调已经做过某事，但是忘记了。 He forgot to take the message to his friend. Dont forget to lock the door when you leave. Dont you forget meeting me in the street yesterday? 16. T

37、wenty minutes later, the sun started to come up. (P. 8) come up意为“升起、发生”。 It gets hot after the sun has come up. Please let me know if anything comes up.V、高级结构会变通注意高级在写作中的仿写1.提建议的表达方式： What/ How about + doing sth ? What about going shopping ? Why dont you + 动词原形？ Why dont you go shopping ? Why not +

38、 动词原形？ Why not go shopping ? Lets + 动词原形。 Lets go shopping . Shall I / we + 动词原形？ Shall we go shopping ? Youd better do sth. “你最好做某事” 回答方式： Good idea / All right / OK . Sounds + adj. 2.征求对方对某事的看法或评价的句型： How do you like ?= What do you think of /about ?=How do you feel about ?= How do you find ?3.soth

39、at 如此以至于，引导结果状语从句。 当主句动词为系动词时，so 和 that 之间接 adj. He is so old that he can dress himself . 当主句动词为实意动词时，so 和 that 之间接 adv. 当从句为肯定式时，可以转换成“enough to +动原” 形式。 He is so old that he can dress himself . （同意句转换）He is old enough to dress himself . 当从句为否定式时，可以转换成“too to+动原” 形式。She is so young that she cant go

40、 to school . (同义句转换)She is too young to go to school .4.感叹句的常用句型：(1) What + a + adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语+其它！ (2) What + adj.+可数名词复数+主语+谓语+其它！ (3) What + adj.+不可数名词+主语+谓语+其它！ (4) How + adj.+主语+谓语+其它！ (5) How + adv. +主语+谓语+其它！ 二、语法知识清单1.复合不定代词 初中阶段常见的复合不定代词列表如下：somebody某人anybody某人/任何人nobody没有人everybody每人some

41、one某人anyone某人/任何人no one没有人everyone每人something某事anything某事/任何事nothing没有东西Everything每一件事 当形容词修饰复合不定代词时，形容词必须放在复合不定代词后面：There is nothing new in his speech. 他的演讲里没什么新东西。 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如： Is everyone here today? something , somebody , someone , somewhere 用于肯定句及表示请求、建议或邀请的疑问句中。 anything , anybody

42、 , anyone , anywhere 用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。no one, none, nothing辨析：no one / nobody只能用于指人，不能与of连用。作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。可表示没有人，一般用来回答who引导的特殊疑问句。No one wants to go shopping. 没有一个人想去购物。none 表示没有一个。既可指人，也可指物。其后可接of短语，none of可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用单、复数皆可。可指数量上一个也没有，一般用来回答how many/much引导的特殊疑问句。None of these pens work/wor

43、ks. 这些钢笔没有一支能用。nothing 只能用于指物，作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。可用来回答what 引导的特殊疑问句及含anything的一般疑问句。What is in the box? 箱子里有什么？ Nothing. 什么东西也没2.反身代词的单复数见下表：（写出对应的反身代词）单数复数第一人称myself我自己ourselves我们自己第二人称yourself你自己yourselves 你们自己第三人称 herself /himself /itselfthemselves他们自己 反身代词除第三人称是人称代词宾格加-self或selves构成的外，其余各人称都是形容词性物

44、主代词加-self或selves构成。 反身代词作宾语，位于及物动词或介词之后。如：1) We went to the park and enjoyed ourselves last Sunday.2) He learned swimming by himself. 反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语，起强调作用，此时其位置可在主语之后，也可在句末：1) I myself can finish it on time.2) He worked out the problem himself. 反身代词的常用词组1) teach oneself 自学 2) learn by oneself 自学 3)

45、enjoy oneself过得愉快；玩得开心 4) help oneself to随便吃用 5) by oneself亲自, 独自have a good time doing=have fun doing =enjoy oneself玩得高兴 三、一般过去时的规则动词和不规则动词（一）规则变化构成规则：在动词末尾直接加-ed。例如，work -worked , look -looked , play played 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d。例如，live lived , hope hoped , use used 以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i再加-ed。例如，study stu

46、died , carry carried , worry worried 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-ed。例如，stop stopped , planplanned （二）不规则变化1. 没有变化，即：与动词原形一样。例如，cut cut , put put , read read 2. 变化元音，例如，write- wrote , know knew , come came 3. 变化辅音，例如，make made , spend spent , send sent 4. 辅音和元音都变化，例如，leave left , teach taught ,

47、 think thought 5. 其他情况，例如，is was , are were , have had 三、语篇知识清单本单元主要话题是节日与假期，与本单元相关的写作题目可以与节假日里的旅游相结合。命题内容以游览为主，根据提示记叙在节假日里旅游的大致情况。写作时应注意游记的内容、格式以及事态的运用。内容一般从以下几方面着手：1. Where did you go?2. How was the weather?3. What did you do?4. How was the food?5. How was the people?6. How did you feel about the

48、trip? 写作步骤 步骤一：在第一行写明日期（年月日与星期）和天气等信息。 步骤二：正文用一般过去时态描述当天发生的事情。 步骤三：在日记的最后描述自己的感受和体会。【审清题目】内容：记录当天去某地的旅游经历，着重记录你所看到的、听到的和你的感受。文体：应用文(日记)；日记的主体部分为记叙文。时态：描写过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。 人称：第一人称I或we。【头脑风暴】【提供素材】(以下表所列3个地点为例，展示如何搜集所需语言素材)语块地点所作所为所见所闻感受go to the Summer Palaceclimb the Wanshou Hill, go boating on Kunmin

49、g Lake, go shopping in Suzhou Streetlots of visitors, beautiful lakes and gardens (花园), great hallsbig, beautiful, greatgo to the science museummake model planes, learn a lot about robots, play games, listen to the stories of famous scientists (科学家), watch a science movie for free, go to the gift sh

50、opall kinds of robotsexciting, boring, interestinggo to the beachput up a tent, take a walk, fly kites, go swimming, play beach volleyball, enjoy warm sunshineblue sea, shells (贝壳), white beaches, green treesrelaxing, tired, happy句型The weather is sunny / hot / cloudy / windy / rainy / snowy / .I got

51、 there by plane / by train / by bus / by car / .I stayed there for a day.The food was delicious / terrible.At the foot of the hill, I saw .There are lots of .It took me two hours / . to visit it.The guide told / taught me .【谋篇布局】【点评范文】1.内容：一日游中记叙了丰富的情节，有细节描写，比如去颐和园的活动，有爬山，还有划船；去科学博物馆的时候，做了飞机模型，看了科技电

52、影，这种细节内容的增加要比单纯交代去了颐和园和科学博物馆要显得更为真实有趣。作者不仅把自己美好的一天呈现给了大家，同时也抒发了自己的情感。比如It was very delicious. It was so cool!和最后一段的感受，使得短文有真情实感。2.语言：文章巧妙地运用了一些衔接词，层次分明，有条理。比如有表示先后顺序的first, after that, then；有表示时间顺序的in the morning, at noon和in the afternoon。例文：去年寒假，你到北京的爷爷家度假，玩得很开心。请根据提示（提示词必须都用上）展开合理想象， 写一篇短文，叙述你在北京的

53、寒假活动，与大家分享。80词左右。提示词：winter vacation Tiananmen Square the Palace Museum a Beijing hutong Beijing duck_【思路导航】时态：以过去时态为主；人称：第一人称。【佳作展示】 Beijing is the capital of China and it is in the north of China. There are many places of interest there. A lot of people come to visit Beijing every year. I have bee

54、n to Beijing many times. I have done many things there. Last winter vacation, I visited my grandfather in Beijing. I climbed the Great Wall and went to the Tiananmen Square. I visited the Palace Museum but I didnt visit the Summer Palace. I enjoyed the Beijing opera and ate Beijing duck. I liked to

55、walk with my grandfather at the Beijing hutong. I had conversation with foreigners and I took lots of photos. I felt tired but very happy. It was an interesting experience. I had a good time there. 【名师点评】【高分句型一】There are many places of interest there. 那里有很多名胜。句型：There be place of interest名胜【高分句型二】I have been to Beijing many times我去过北京很多次。Have been to Sp.去过了某地。【亮点短语】place of interest名胜；have a good time 玩得开心；walk with sb.与某人散步；conversation with sb.与某人聊天；take photos拍照。