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类型Unit 1 单元知识速记-2023-2024学年八年级上册英语核心知识归纳精练一遍过(人教新目标).docx

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    1、Unit 1 单元知识速记词汇精讲1. quite a fewa few 意为“一些;若干”,相当于some。few意为“几乎没有”,后跟可数名词复数形式。quite a few 意为“相当多;不少”,相当于many,后跟可数名词复数形式。如:There are a few pictures in the book.书里有一些图画。He is a quiet boy and he has few words.他是一个安静的男孩,几乎不说话。He has a few good friends here.他在这里有一些好朋友。2. enough(1) enough作形容词,意为“充足的,充分的,足

    2、够的”,可作表语或定语,作定语时,可放在名词的前面或后面。例如:The food is enough for the trip. 用于这次旅行的食物足够了。 I have enough time to watch TV. 我有足够的时间看电视。 (2) enough还可作副词,意为“足够地”,这时enough需放在所修饰的形容词或副词后面。例如:The young man is strong enough to carry the heavy bag.那个年轻人足够强壮能搬动重包。【拓展】(1) enoughto do sth. “有足够的做某事”。例如:I dont have enough

    3、time to eat lunch.我没有足够的时间吃午饭。(2) enough to do可以同tooto或sothat结构互相转换。例如:He isnt old enough to go to school.= He is too young to go to school.= He is so young that he cant go to school.他太小而不能上学。3. seemseem是系动词,意为“好像,似乎,看来”,后常接形容词。例如: He seems very angry. 他好像非常生气。【拓展】seem的用法归纳: (1) seem + 名词 例如: He see

    4、ms a nice man. 他看起来是个好人。 (2) seem like意为“好像,似乎”。 例如:It seemed like not a bad idea at that time.那时这主意好像不错。 (3) seem to do sth. 意为“似乎、看来、好像做某事”。例如:I seem to have left my book at home.我好像把书忘在家里了。(4) It seems that或It seemed that意为“看起来好像,似乎”。例如:It seemed that he was very happy.他看上去好像很高兴。(5) seem to be +

    5、形容词或名词 例如: She seems to be happy. 她看起来很高兴。4. boredbored也是形容词,意为“感到厌烦的”,一般用来说明人的感受。例如: Im bored with the book. 我对这本书厌烦了。【拓展】(1) boring是形容词,意为“令人厌烦的”,一般用来说明事物的特征。例如: The story is boring. 这个故事令人厌烦。(2) 英语中,带-ing的形容词,用来形容事物,指某事物的性质、特征,意为“令人的”“让人的”,常用事物作主语或作定语修饰物。而带-ed的是用来形容人的,意为“感到的”“使人的”,其主语是人,类似的词有:exc

    6、iting 令人兴奋的excited(人)感到兴奋的interesting 令人感兴趣的interested(人)感兴趣的moving 令人感动的moved(人)感动的tiring 令人厌倦的tired(人)感到疲倦/累/厌烦的5. decidedecide是动词,意为“决定,选定”。常见用法有:(1) decide sth.意为“决定某事”。 例如:I cant decide anything at the moment.现在我不能做出任何决定。 (2) decide to do sth. 意为“决定做某事”。例如:We decide to go to Paris next month.我们

    7、决定下个月去巴黎。 The boy decided to be a sailor. 那男孩决定做海员。The doctors decided to operate on him for the tumor.医生们决定为他开刀切除肿瘤。【拓展】decide on意为“由决定;决定于”。后面接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。例如:I decided on going to Beijing at last.最后我决定去北京了。My mother decided on the red dress.我妈妈决定买下那件红色的裙子。6. trytry to do sth. 意为“设法去做某事,尽量去做某事”,其否

    8、定形式为try not to do sth.。例如: Try not to be late again. 尽量别再迟到了。 Try to get here in two hours.尽量在两小时之内到达。【拓展】(1) try doing sth. 意为“试着做某事”,强调尝试做某事。例如:You should try eating more vegetables.你应当试着多吃点蔬菜。(2) try ones best to do sth. 意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”。例如:We should try our best to finish the work on time.我们应该尽最大努

    9、力准时完成这项工作。(3) try 构成的短语: try sth. on 试穿 try out sth. 试验、检验 have a try 试一试 try for sth. 试图获得某物 try ones best 尽某人最大努力7. anywhereanywhere是副词,意为“在任何地方”,常用在否定句或疑问句中,而在肯定句中,则多用somewhere。例如:He cant find his English book anywhere.他到处找不到他的英语书。I think he must live somewhere.我觉得他肯定住在某个地方。8. fewfew 意为“少数的;很少的”,

    10、只修饰可数名词,表否定含义。例如: I can see few birds in the tree. 我几乎看不到树上有鸟。a few 意为“几个;少许” 相当于several,只修饰可数名词复数,表肯定含义。例如: He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。【拓展】(1) little 意为“很少;一点儿”,用于 “量;额;价值”等概念,修饰不可数名词,表否定含义。little还表示“小的”之意。例如: There is little milk in the cup. 杯子里没有牛奶了。 A little boy is coming. 一个小男孩过来了。(2) a littl

    11、e 意为“有点儿;少量” 修饰不可数名词,表示肯定含义。例如: He has a little money with him. 他随身带了点儿钱。a little也可以用作副词,修饰形容词、副词、动词以及介词短语,表示“有点,稍稍”。例如: He is a little tired. 他有点累了。 You should walk a little faster. 你应该走快一点。 She was only a little over fifty years old.她才五十多一点。(3) 相关短语:quite a few = not a few 相当多的quite a little许多only

    12、 a little = but a little 相当少9. most(1) most后可直接跟名词(可数或不可数),同时,也可接有形容词修饰的名词。例如: Most boys like playing football. 大部分男孩都喜欢踢足球。(2) most前有定冠词时,可用来修饰多音节形容词,表示最高级,意为“最”。但是,如果most前有不定冠词a,则表示“非常;很”,相当于very。例如: This is the most beautiful flower. 这是最漂亮的花。 She is a most beautiful girl. 她是个非常漂亮的姑娘。(3) most后不能直接

    13、跟有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词所修饰的名词,用most of代替most。例如: I did most of that difficult work. 那件困难的工作绝大部分都是由我做的。 Most of the time we eat fish. 绝大部分时间我们都吃鱼肉。【拓展】(1) almost = very nearly,指在程度上相差很少,almost可与no,none,nothing,never,nobody等表示否定意义的词连用。例如: I almost missed the flight我差一点误了航班。Almost no one believed what he said几

    14、乎没人相信他的话。 (2) mostlymainly 意为“大部分、主要地”。例如:The students in our class are mostly from the factory.我们班的学生主要来自这家工厂。His stories were mostly about his travels in foreign countries他的故事大多是关于他在国外旅游的经历 单词默写1. 任何人pron. _2. 在任何地方adv. _3. 精彩的;绝妙的adj. _4. 不多;很少adj. pron. _5. 相当多;不少_6. 最多;大多数 adj. adv. pron. _7. 某

    15、事;某物pron. _8. 没有什么;没有一件东西pron. _9. 每人;人人;所有人pron. _10. 当然;自然_11. 我自己;我本人pron. _12. 你自己;您自己pron. _13. 母鸡n. _14. 猪n. _15. 好像;似乎;看来v. _16. 厌倦的;烦闷的adj. _17. 某人pron. _18. 日记;日记本n. _19. 有乐趣的;令人愉快的adj. _20. 活动n. _21. 决定;选定 v. _22. 尝试;设法;努力v. n. _23. 滑翔伞运动n. _24. 给.的感觉;感觉到_25. 鸟n. _26. 自行车;脚踏车n. _27. 建筑物; 房

    16、子n. _28. 商人n. _29. 想知道;琢磨v. _30. 差别;差异n. _31. 顶部;表面n. _32. 等待;等候v. _33. 伞;雨伞n. _34. 湿的;潮湿的;下雨的adj. _35. 因为_36. 在.下面;到.下面 prep.adv. _37. 足够的(地);充足的(地)adj. adv. _38. 饥饿的adj. _39. 像.一样;如同;当.时;如同adv. conj. _40. 小山;山丘n. _41. 鸭n. _42. 不喜爱(的事物);厌恶(的事物)v.n._43. 中央公园(美国纽约)_44. 黄果树瀑布(贵州)_45. 香港_重要短语1.stay at

    17、home 待在家里 stayed (stay的过去式)2.go to the mountains 去山上 went (go的过去式)3.go to summer camp 去夏令营4.visit museums 参观博物馆5.meet someone interesting 碰见某个有趣的人 met(meet的过去式)6.do something interesting做些有趣的事7.study for tests 为考试做准备 studied(study的过去式)8.be on vacation 在度假9.didnt go anywhere wonderful 没有去精彩的地方10.take

    18、 quite a few photos拍了不少的照took(take的过去式)11.of course 当然12.go to a friends farm 去朋友的农场13.in the countryside 在乡下14.feed some hens and see some baby pigs喂母鸡和看到一些小猪仔 fed(feed的过去式);saw(see的过去式)15.seem to be bored 看上去很无聊 It seems that. 看来16.keep a diary/keep diaries 记日记kept(keep的过去式)17.an activity 一次活动acti

    19、vities(activity的复数形式)18.an expensive gift 一份昂贵的礼物19.an exciting vacation一个令人兴奋的假期20.buy sth. for sb.buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物bought(buy的过去式)21.have a good time 玩得开心 have a good timedoing sth. 做某事开心22.find something enjoyable 找点乐子found(find的过去式)23.arrive in (大地方)/arrive at (小地方) get to (地方) reach (地方) 到达24

    20、.decide to go to the beach 决定去海滩 decide to do sth. 决定做某事25.try to do sth. 尽力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 have a try 尝试一下26.feel like sth. 感觉像某物 feel like doing sth. 想做某事27.ride bicycles to sp. 骑自行车去某地 rode(ride的过去式)28.a lot of new buildings 许多新建筑物29.the houses of the Chinese traders中国商人的房子30.enjoy walki

    21、ng around 喜欢到处走走31.walk up to the top 走到山顶32.waitover an hourforthe train等火车一个多小时33.rain hard 雨下得大34.be/get wet 淋湿 got(get的过去式)35.have an umbrella 有一把雨伞36.because of 因为;由于37.cant see anything below 看不见下面的东西38.bring enough money 带足够的钱 brought(bring的过去式)39.along the way 沿途40.another two hourstwo more

    22、hours再两小时41.in the shopping center 在购物中心42.on our school trip 在我们学校郊游中43.a bag with food and water一个装着食物和水的袋子44.find out 弄清楚;查明白45.so. that.如此以至于46.Beijing duck 北京烤鸭47.keep doing sth. 继续做某事48.go on 继续49.jump up and downin excitement兴奋得跳上跳下50.start to come up 开始出现短语默写1.在度假_2.待在家里_3.任何特别的东西_4.为测验而学习_5

    23、.拍照 _6.相当多;不少_7.大部分时间_8.玩得开心_9.当然;自然_10.记日记_11.到达 _12.决定做某事_13.尝试做某事_-14.给.的感觉;感受到_15.四处走动_16.步行到山顶_17.等待;等候 _18.太多_19.因为_20.第二天;次日_21.不仅如此 不止那些_22.小山顶_23.玩得开心_24.如此.以至于._25.(继续)不断做某事_26.上上下下_27.升起_句式精讲1. Did you do anything special last month? 本句是一个一般过去时的一般疑问句,其中的anything special意为“任何特别的事”,special是

    24、形容词,修饰anything。形容词修饰不定代词时要后置。例如: Can you tell something interesting? 你能讲些有趣的事情吗? Is there anybody important here? 这儿有大人物吗? Would you like something to eat? 要来些吃的东西吗?【拓展】复合不定代词的用法:(1) 复合不定代词是由some-,any-,no-,every-加上-one,-body,-thing等所组成的不定代词。复合不定代词包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, a

    25、nyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等十二个。这些复合代词具有名词性质,在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语。(2)复合不定代词通常被看成是单数第三人称。当它们充当句子的主语时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式。例如: Is everyone here today? 今天,大家都到齐了吗?Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事,只怕有心人。(3) 由some-和any-所构成的复合不定代词(即something和anything;

    26、someone和anyone;somebody和anybody)之间的区别跟some和any的区别一样。1) something,someone,somebody通常用于肯定句中,而anything,anyone,anybody一般用于否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句中。例如:He found something strange but interesting.他发现了一些奇怪但却有趣的事情。 Do you have anything to say ?你有话要说吗?I didnt meetanybodyontheisland.在岛上,我没遇见任何人。2) 在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑

    27、问句,和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句,以及表示反问的问句中,也用something,someone,somebody等复合不定代词。例如:Would you like something to eat?要些吃的东西吗?Isnt there something wrong with you? 难道你没问题吗?3) 当anything表示“任何事(物),无论何事(物)”,anyone,anybody表示“无论谁,任何人”等意义时,它们也可以用于肯定句中。例如: Anything is OK. 什么都行。 Anybody knows the answer.任何人都知道答案。口诀:不定代词美名扬,修饰

    28、成分后边藏;单数动词作谓语,何时何地都一样。2. Yes, I bought something for my father.本句中用了buy sth. for sb.的句型。buy sth. for sb.意为“给某人买某物”,也可用buy sb. sth,即buy后跟双宾语,sb. 指人是间接宾语,sth.指物是直接宾语。例如:He bought me a present. = He bought a present for me.他给我买了一份礼物。【拓展】英语中带双宾语的动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须加上to或for。常见的此种用法的动词分两类: (1) 动词buy; dr

    29、aw; make等可跟双宾语,当直接宾语前置时,必须在间接宾语前加for,即: buy/draw/make sth. for sb. 例如:Mother made a pair of trousers for her son.母亲为儿子做了一条裤子。 (2) 动词give; pass; lend; write; show; send; hand和bring接双宾语,当直接宾语前置时,需在间接宾语前加to构成。即:give/ pass/ lend sth. to sb. 例如: Ill send it to you. 我会把它送给你的。【注意】上述能接双宾语的动词,一般情况下两种形式可以互换,即

    30、vt. + sb. + sth. = vt. + sth. for(to) sb.。但当直接宾语是代词时,不论间接宾语是何种词性,只能用vt. + sth.(代词) + for(to) sb.3. Everything tasted really good!本句中的taste在此是系动词,意为“尝起来”,后面接形容词作表语。例如: The food tastes good. 食物尝起来很香。【拓展】(1) look,sound,smell,taste,feel这五个动词都与人的感觉有关,可称之为“感官”动词。这五个动词均可作系动词,后面接形容词作表语,说明主语所处的状态。其意思分别为“看/听/

    31、闻/尝/摸起来”。除look之外,其它几个动词的主语往往是物,而不是人。例如: The old man looks very happy. 那个老人看起来很幸福。 These flowers smell very sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。 The tomatoes feel very soft. 这些西红柿摸起来很软。(2) look,sound,smell,taste,feel这些动词后面也可接介词like短语,like后面常用名词。 Her idea sounds like fun. 她的主意听起来很有趣。4. because there were too many people.

    32、too many在句中作形容词,意为“许多,大量”,后接可数名词。例如:There are too many books in the room. You can choose any one to read.房间里有太多的书了,你可以选择任何一本来读。【拓展】too much / too many / much too的辨析:词语词形特点too much形容词短语后跟不可数名词,也可作代词短语too many形容词短语后跟可数名词的复数,也可作代词短语much too副词短语后跟形容词或副词例如:Dont eat too much sweet. Its bad for your teeth.

    33、不要吃太多的糖,对牙齿不好。Its much too cold outside. You should put on your coat.外面太冷了,你应该穿上外套。 I had too much. Im full now. 我吃的太多了,现在饱了。 You ask too many questions. 你问得太多了。5. And because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below.本句中的because of 是复合介词,其后接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等。例如:He lost his job because of h

    34、is age.由于年龄关系他失去了工作。He knew she was crying because of what he had said.他知道她哭是因为他说的话。【拓展】because和because of的辨析:(1) because of和because是同义词,都可以表示原因,但是,because后面接句子,常用来回答why的提问,一般放于主句之后,也可以单独存在;而because of的后面用名词、代词或者动名词短语形式。例如: I stayed at home because it rained.因为下雨我待在家里。Because Lingling was ill, she d

    35、idnt come to school.玲玲因病没有上学。 Why is she absent? 她为什么缺席? Because she is sick. 因为她病了。We couldnt have the sports meeting last Sunday because of the rain.我们上个星期天没能召开运动会是因为下雨了。6. How did you like it?你觉得它怎么样?How do you like.?意为“你觉得怎么样”,用来询问对方的观点或看法,相当于What do you think of.?或How do you feel about.? 如:How

    36、do you like the new teacher?你觉得新来的老师怎么样?What do you think of your new job?How do you feel about your new job?你觉得你的新工作怎么样?7. What a difference a day makes!一天的差异多大啊!如:What a beautiful girl she is!她是一个多么美丽的女孩啊!也可以表达为:How beautiful the girl is!重要句型1.Long time no see. 好久不见。2.I was on vacation last month.

    37、 上个月我在休假。3.I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax.我大多数时间只是待在家里阅读、放松。4.I bought something for my parents, but nothing for myself.我给我父母买了些东西,但没给我自己买。5.The only problem was that there was nothing much to do in the evening but read.唯一的问题就是晚上除了看书没什么事可做。6.I felt like I was a bird. 我感觉我是一

    38、只鸟。7.I wonder what life was like here in the past.我想知道过去这儿的生活是怎样的。8.What a difference a day makes!一天的差异多大啊!9.When we got to the top, it was raining really hard.当我们到达山顶时,雨下得很大。10.Because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below.由于天气不好,下面的东西我们什么都看不见。11. Where did you go on vacation? 你到哪里去度假了?

    39、I went to New York City. 我去了纽约城。12. Did you go out with anyone? 你出去带人吗?No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation.不,没有人在这儿。大家度去度假了。13. Did you buy anything special? 你买了什么特别的东西吗?Yes, I bought something for my father. 对,我给父亲买了一些东西。14. How was the food? 食物怎么样?Everything tasted really good.每一样东西真的都好吃

    40、。15. Did everyone have a good time?大家玩的开心吗?Oh, yes. Everything was excellent.对,一切都很精彩。16. There was nothing much to do in the evening but read.晚上除了读书以外无事可做。17.The city looked wonderful from the top of the hill. 从山顶往下看,城市非常精彩。18.It was so beautiful that we forgot about the last five hours!它是如此美丽以至于我们

    41、忘记了之前5个小时(的辛苦)。句型默写1 你去哪度假了?我去纽约城了。_2 你和任何人出去的吗?不,没人在这。每个人在度假。_3你买特别的东西了吗?是的。我为我爸爸买了不,我什么都没买。_ 食物怎么样?每件东西尝起来都很好。_ 每个人都玩的开心吗?是的,每件事都是极好的。_语法精讲1.反身代词除第三人称是人称代词宾格加self或selves构成外,其余各人称都是形容词性物主代词加self或selves构成。即:myself, yourself, himself, herself,itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves。(1)反身代词作宾语,位于及物动

    42、词或介词之后。如:They enjoyed themselves very much at the party. 他们在聚会上玩得非常高兴。I cut myself with a knife.我用刀把自己割伤了。【注意】反身代词表示动作回到主语本身,所以它应该与动作发出者在人称和数上保持一致。(2)反身代词作主语的同位语,起强调作用,此时其位置可在主语之后,也可在句末。如:I myself can finish it on time.我自己能准时完成。He worked out the problem himself.他自己解决了这个问题。(3)反身代词的常用词组teach oneself 自

    43、学learn by oneself 自学enjoy oneself 过得愉快;玩得开心by oneself 独自2.复合不定代词something, somebody, someone,anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody,everyone等不定代词。(1)与形容词连用时,形容词必须置于复合不定代词之后,语法上称作“后置”。如:I bought something special for my mother.我给我妈妈买了样特别的东西。Did you meet anyone inter

    44、esting?你遇见了有趣的人吗?(2)复合不定代词都具有单数的含义,当它们做句子的主语时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式。如:Theres somethingwrong with my bike.我的自行车破了。Nobody knows the answer to the question.没人知道这个问题的答案。(3)在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句,和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句,以及表示反问的疑问句中,用something, someone,somebody等复合不定代词。如:Why dont you ask someone to help you?你为什么不叫个人来帮你呢?(

    45、4)当anything表示“任何事(物);无论何事(物)”, anyone, anybody表示“无论谁;任何人”等意义时,它们也可以用于肯定句中。如:Anything is OK. 什么都行。Anybody knows the answer.任何人都知道答案。3.过去时态句法结构(1)肯定形式:主语动词过去式其他。如:She came to help us last weekend.她上周来帮我们。(2)否定形式:1)主语was/werenot其他2)主语didnt动词原形其他如:I didnt know you like coffee.我不知道你喜欢咖啡。(3)一般疑问句:1)Did主语动词原形其他?2)Was/Were主语表语?如:Did he finish his homework?他完成他的作业了吗?(4)特殊疑问句:1)特殊疑问词did主语动词原形其他?2)特殊疑问词was/were主语其他?如:Where did you go last week?你上周去哪里了?

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