Unit 2　Numbers【速记清单】-2023-2024学年八年级英语上册单元速记•巧练（牛津沪教版）.docx

1、Unit 2NumbersUnit1话题数字词汇1.number /nmb(r)/ n. 数字2.instructions /nstrknz/ n. pl. 指示；命令3.check /tek/ v. 检查；核实4.gram /rm/ n. 克(重量单位)5.son /sn/ n. 儿子6.chess /tes/ n. 国际象棋7.India /nd/ n. 印度8.wise /waz/ adj. 充满智慧的9.challenge /tlnd/ v. 向(某人)挑战10.promise /prms/ v. 许诺，承诺11.prize /praz/ n. 奖赏；奖品12.grain /ren/

2、n. 谷粒13.chessboard /tesbd/ n. 国际象棋；棋盘14.double /dbl/ v. (使)加倍15.amount /mant/ n. 数量；数额16.rest /rest/ n. 剩余部分17.gold /ld/ n. 金子；黄金18.instead /nsted/ adv. 代替；顶替19.realize /rilaz/ v. 认识到；意识到20.copy /kpi/ v. 抄写；誊写21.correctly /krektli/ adv. 准确无误地；正确地22.traffic /trfk/ n. 交通23.accident /ksdnt/ n. (交通)事故短语

3、1.a long time ago 很早以前2.challenge to 向(某人)挑战3.and so on 等等4.copy down 抄写；誊写5.one day (将来)有一天；总有一天；(过去)某一天6.order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事7.make money 赚钱8.follow ones advice 接受某人的建议9.from then on 从那时起10.after that 在那之后11.lead to 导致；通向12.all year round 整年，全年，一年到头13.add.to. 增加到句型1.You can have any prize

4、if you win the game.如果你赢了这场比赛，你可以得到任何奖品。2.If I win the game, Id like one grain of rice for the first square of the chessboard, two for the second, four for the third, and then double the amount for each of the rest of the squares.如果我赢了这场比赛，我想在棋盘的第一个方格里放一粒米，第二个方格里放两粒米，第三个方格里放四粒米，以此类推，剩下的每个方块的数量加倍。3.T

5、he king quickly realized the problemeven with all the rice in the country, he would still not have enough rice to put on all the squares!国王很快就意识到问题所在即使把全国所有的大米拿来，他仍然没有足够的大米来填满所有的方格！4.Alan is the second.艾伦是第二个。5.Alice is the nineteenth.爱丽丝是第十九个。6.3 plus 9 equals/is 12.3加9等于12。7.9 minus 3 equals/is 6.

6、9减3等于6。8.3 multiplied by 9 equals/is 27.3乘以9等于27。9.9 divided by 3 equals/is 3.9除以3等于3。10.Do you know the number of students in your class?你知道你们班的学生人数吗？11.There are 35 students in my class18 boys and 17 girls.我们班有35名学生18名男生和17名女生。12.Is it seventy-two plus twenty-seven?是72加27吗？语法数词写作有关描述数据的报告要点 1：chec

7、kcheck及物动词，意为“检查；核实”。 Our teachers check our homework every day.我们的老师们每天给我们检查作业。 Please check the answers.请核实答案。拓展：check 的相关短语： Check in登记；检票 check out办请手续后离开 check up检查【思维导图】【典例分析】 1.用单词填空Youd better c_ your answers carefully before handing in your paper.【解析】句意：在交试卷前你最好检查你的答案。Check 检查。check in后面课文将

8、学到 登记入住。报到。要点 2：promise promise用作动词时，意思是“许诺” 用作名词，意思是“诺言, 希望, 约定” 常用短语： promise sb. sth 承诺给某人某物 promise that +从句 承诺 . promise to do sth. 承诺做某事 make a promise（to do） 许下承诺，保证The King promised the old man a golden ring. 国王许诺给老人一个金戒指。Promise me you will not waste your time. 答应我，不要浪费自己的时间。If you make a p

9、romise, you should keep it. 如果做出了承诺，就应该遵守。【典例分析】 1.我爸爸承诺买一部新自行车给我作为生日礼物。My father _ _ _ me a new bike as a birthday present.【解析】promised to buy 2.当我们向别人许下诺言时，我们就应该去遵守它。When we_ _ _ to others, we should keep it.【解析】made a promise3. Jessica promised an article on detective for our school newspaper. A、

10、writing B、to write C、wrote D、not writing【解析】B 句意：杰西卡答应为我们的校报写一篇关于侦探的文章。promise to do sth答应做某事。故选B。4. I dont think Jimmy will come on such a rainy day. Oh, no, but he _!A. promised B. imagined C. produced D. appeared【答案】A【解析】根据句意：我认为Jimmy这样雨天不会来。不他承诺过（要来）。A. promised （承诺） B. imagined （想象）C. produced（

11、生产） D. appeared（出现）要点 3 restrest 用作名词时，意为“剩余”； 用作动词时，意为“休息” 用作名词时，意为“休息”常用短语：the rest of 剩余的. have a rest 休息一下And the rest of you will be spared. 我会饶了你们其余的人。I have free time to rest. 我有空闲时间来休息。We stopped to have a rest. 我们停下来休息了一下。【典例分析】 1 剩下的日子我们该怎么过？How should we spend _ _ _ _?2 工作之余你应该休息一下。You sh

12、ould _ _ _ after the work. 【解析】1 the rest of days the rest 剩下来的 其余的。 2， have a rest（break）休息一会儿。要点 4：wise【思维导图】【典例分析】(1) With _ (wise), we can make the right choice.(2) She is so wise that she works out the problem. (选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)A. silly B. strong C. bright【解析】：wisdom 聪明 智慧。名词。 Wise 聪明的 形容词。与前面学

13、到的intelligent同义词。 与silly stupid foolish是反义词。（学会用对比法记住一系列单词）要点 5：challenge challenge用作名词时，意思是“挑战” 用作动词时，意思是“挑战”常用短语： accept a challenge 应战 challenge sb to 挑战某人做某事This is a global challenge. 这是一项全球性挑战。 It is time to challenge this vision. 现在是时候质疑这种看法了。【典例分析】 1.他向我挑战下象棋。（完成句子）He_ me _ chess.【解析】challen

14、ges to challenge to 固配向某人挑战某事。2. I challenged Mandy _ a tennis game.A. for B. of C. in D. to【答案】D【解析】challenge to 在某方面。挑战要点 6：instead instead & instead ofinstead作为副词，意为“代替；而不是”，既可用于句首、也可以用于句中或句末。当instead位于句首起连接作用时，其前后一般用句号、逗号等标点隔开。The professor didnt answer my question. Instead, he asked me a questi

15、on.教授没有回答我的问题，相反，他问了我一个问题。instead of作为介词短语，意为“而不是”，其后常接名词、代词或动名词等。Lets go out for a walk instead of watching TV at home all day long.让我们出去散步，而不是整日待在家里看电视吧。【典例分析】1.昨晚他待在家里，而没有去看电影He stayed at home_ _ _ to the cinema last night.【解析】instead of going2.她没有玩电脑游戏，而是为考试而学习。She didnt play computer games. She

16、 studied for the test _.【解析】instead 3.He didnt answer my question. Instead，he asked me a question.(同义改写)He asked me a question_ _ _my question. 【解析】instead of asking4. What a nice day！We should go sightseeing _ watching TV in the hotel.Abecause of Binstead of Ctogether with Dinstead【解析】句意：多好的一天！我们应该

17、去观光而不是在旅馆看电视。instead of作为介词短语，意为“而不是”，其后常接名词、代词或动名词等。5Miss White doesnt like buying nice clothes. She likes collecting storybooks_. AinsteadBeither Ctoo Dinstead of 【解析】A instead6.判断句子正误，如有错误请改正。1. We may use this instead soap. _2. I will not take that book. Instead Ill take this one. _3. I stayed i

18、n bed all day instead to go to work. _4. We shall go downtown by bus instead on foot. _【解析】1 instead 改为instead of 或者instead 放最后 2， 正确 3 instead to go改为instead of going 4 instead改为instead of注意：instead of为介词短语，后接被代替的内容（名词或动名词），或前面事情没有做，而做了后面的事情。要点 7：realize （1）realize + n.At last she realized her mist

19、akes. 最后她意识到了她的错误。（2）realize + that 从句I realized that is was time to go to school. 我意识到该上学了。（3）realize + 疑问词+其他I dont think you realize how important this is to her. 我认为你没有意识到这对她多重要。【典例分析】 根据中文意思完成句子。1. 你是否意识到还有许多人吃不饱肚子呢? _ _ _ _ many people do not have enough food to eat?2. 最后我意识到了学习的重要性。 Finally,

20、I _ _ _ of study.3. 他实现他的梦想He _ his dream.解析 1 Do you realize that 2 realized the importance 注意：realize v. 认识到；意识到不能用于进行时态中，后面常接名词、代词或从句作宾语。 3, 第三题 realize 有实现。4. At last， I realized my dream Acame to knowBwanted to sayCmade come true Dmake know【答案】C【解析】realize意识到come to know 开始知道；want to say 想要说，ma

21、de come true 使实现，make know 使知道结合意思：最后我实现了我的梦想要点 8：and so on. 等等【典例分析】1.超市里面有很多水果，苹果、梨、香蕉等等。There are many fruit in the supermarket, apples, pears, bananas _ _ _【解析】： and so on 等等 表示列举。2. What did you have _ lunch yesterday？Many things like fish， chicken，carrots，tomatoes _A/； and soB/； and so on Cfor

22、； and so Dfor； and so on【答案】D【解析】你昨天午饭吃了什么？很多东西，像鱼、鸡肉、胡萝卜、西红柿等等for 为、对是介词；and so同样、因此是连词词组； and so on 等等、诸如此类是词组由题干你昨天对午饭吃了什么？很多东西，像鱼、鸡肉、胡萝卜、西红柿等等可知，第一个空格用for；第二个空格是等等，用and so on ，因此答案应是and so on要点 9：happen happen：指计划之外的“偶然发生”；take place：指计划，安排之内的发生 短语区分：Sth. + happen to sb：表示“某人发生了某事” Sb + happen t

23、o do sth：表示“某人碰巧发生了某事”【典例分析】1.昨天他发生了车祸。(翻译句子)【解析】A car accident happened to him yesterday. Sth. + happen to sb：表示“某人发生了某事” “偶然发生的事故”所以用happen。2.10年来我们的家乡发生很大的变化。(翻译句子)【解析】 Our hometown has taken place a lot in the past 10 years. take place：指计划，安排之内的发生。这里不用happen。3.昨天我在武汉碰巧看见他。(翻译句子)【解析】I happened to

24、 see him in Wuhan yesterday. Sb + happen to do sth：表示“某人碰巧发生了某事”4. An earthquake _ when people were sleeping at night. A. happenedB. took placeC. hadD. appeared【解析】A句意：当人们在夜里正在睡觉的时候，一起地震发生了。考查易混动词辨析。happen为偶然突然发生；take place为有机会有安排发生；have为拥有；appear为出现，显现。根据句中所描述的earthquake应属于突然发生。故选A。5. I happened _

25、a little cat on my way home from school. A. savingB. to saveC. on savingD. saved【解析】B句意：在我放学回家的路上，我碰巧救了一只小猫。考查非谓语动词与happen的搭配。根据happen常用搭配为happen to do sth碰巧做了某事。故选B。要点10 enoughenough adj.足够的；充分的【考点一】adj.充足的；足够的，修饰可数名词或不可数名词，可以放在名词前面，也可以放在名词后面。There is enough rain this spring. 今年春天雨水充足。 We have enou

26、gh apples for all of you to eat. 我们有足够多的苹果供你们所有人吃。【考点二】adv.足够地，修饰形容词、副词、动词，并放在其后。Are you happy enough？你足够开心吗？ We were glad enough to leave. 我们很高兴离开。 enough 的常用结构(1)“形容词/副词+enough to do”足够，以致能(2)“enough+名词+to do sth ”意为“足够的可以做某事”(3)“no+形容词/副词+enough+to do sth ”意为“不够做某事”【典例分析】1.Did you get the present

27、? No, I got there but there werent .A.enough early; enough presents B.early enough; enough presentsC.early enough; presents enough D.enough early; presents enough【解析】B 句意：你得到礼品了吗？没有，我到的足够早，但是没有足够的礼品了。形容词或者副词+enough足够，固定搭配，early是副词，所以用early enough，排除A、D。enough+名词，固定搭配，presents是名词，所以用enough presents，故

28、选B。2.As teenagers, we are _to help with housework. We can help wash the dishes and wash our clothes. A.enough youngB.enough oldC.old enoughD.young enough【解析】C句意： 作为青少年，我们足够大了可以帮助做家务。我们可以帮忙洗碗和洗衣服。enough修饰形容词，位于形容词后，故排除A和B选项，根据 We can help wash the dishes and wash our clothes，可知能帮助做家务是年龄足够大了，old，年老的，故

29、选C。3.Cathy checked her paper _ so that she could get good grades this time .A. careful enough B. enough careful C. enough carefully D. carefully enough 【解析】D 形容词/副词+enough for sb”对某人来说足够. 这里enough修饰副词同样放在副词后面。故用D4.这个房间已经足够干净了。The room is _.【解析】clean enough5.这个男孩足够强壮，他能提起这么重的行李。 The boy is _strong _

30、he can carry such a heavy suitcase.=The boy is _ _ _ _ such a heavy suitcase.【解析】so that strong enough to carry “形容词/副词+enough to do”足够，以致能可以与so。that 进行句式转换。6.他年龄够大能上学。He is _ _ to go to school.=He is _ old _ he can go to school.【解析】old enough so that。“形容词/副词+enough to do”足够，以致能要点 11：lead to (1) (道路

31、)等通往。 (2) 引起(结果等)；导致。 （3）lead sb to some place 把某人带到某地lead sb to do sth 带领某人做某事【典例分析】1. 过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。 Too much work and too little rest often _ _ illness.【答案】leads to 导致2. 这条街能直通动物园吗? _ this street _ right _the zoo?【答案】does lead to lead to 通往（某地）3.我的父亲引导我帮助处在困境中的人。My father_ me _ people in troub

32、le.【答案】leads to help. lead sb.to do sth.，意为“带领某人去做某事” 4.这条路通向旅馆。 This road _ the hotel. 【答案】leads to lead to 意为“通向”5. 他的勤奋导致他的成功。His hard work _his success.【答案】lead s to lead to 意为“导致”6. Jim wants to know what _ the World War IAled inBmade intoCmade toDled to【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语句意：吉姆想知道第一次世界大战的起因结合选项，lea

33、d in引导入内；made into做成；make to使；lead to导致根据Jim wants to know what_ the World War I，可知这里说的是吉姆想知道是什么导致了第一次世界大战要点 12：advice n.建议，意见，是不可数名词。advice 相关短语 a piece of advice 一条建议give advice 提建议take/follow ones advice 接受某人的建议ask for ones advice 征求某人的建议advice和suggestion的辨析advice不可数名词This is a piece of useful ad

34、vice. 这是一条有用的建议。Who can give me some advice?谁能给我一些建议？suggestion可数名词Here are some suggestions for you.这是给你的一些建议。advice的动词形式为advise。advise和suggest的辨析advisev.建议，常用于advise sb. to do sth.结构He advises me to have a good rest.他建议我好好休息一下。suggestv.建议， suggest sb. doing sth.I suggest having a good rest.我建议好好休息

35、一下。【典例分析】1.Hello, Lucy, please give me some _ on how to improve my English!Youd better keep _more English books. A. advices; read B. advice; read C. advice; reading D. advices; reading【解析】用语法分析法解题。advice 是不可数名词；keep 后接动词的-ing形式。2.My teachers advise us _ computer games. That is bad for our eyes.A. to

36、 play B. playing C. not to play D. not play【解析】C句意：我的老师建议我们不要玩电脑游戏。那对我们的眼睛有害。advise sb. not to do sth.建议某人不要做某事，故答案为C。3.My teacher gave me much _ on how to learn English well.A. advice B. question C. suggestion D. problem【解析】A我的老师给了我很多关于如何学好英语的建议。A. advice 建议，不可数名词；question 问题，可数名词；C. suggestion 建议，

37、可数名词；D. problem问题，可数名词。此处是由形容词much来修饰的，故用不可数名词，give advice on在方面给出建议。故答案A。4.老师建议我们每天阅读。（完成句子） The doctor _ _ _ _ every day. =The doctor _ _ _ every day.【解析】advises us to read suggests us reading. advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事。suggest sb. doing sth.建议某人做某事。要点13 so thatso that表示“以便”， 用来引导目的状语从句。相当于in

38、order that, 从句中常用can, could, may, might等情态动词.sothat / suchthat：如此以至于（其后连接表示结果的状语从句）【典例分析】1. The man is _ hungry _ he cant say a word. A. too ; toB. enough ; to C. so ; that D. such ; that【解析】C句意：这个男人是如此的饥饿以至于连一句话都说不出来了。考查易混连词辨析。tooto太而不能做某事；中间连接形容词或副词原形，后接动词原形组成动词不定式；enough to足够的去做某事；前接形容词或副词原形后接动词原

39、形组成动词不定式；sothat如此的以至于；中间连接形容词或副词原形，后接结果状语从句；suchthat如此的以至于；中间接名词性质的短语后接结果状语从句。根据句中的hungry为形容词，结尾he cant say a word结果状语从句。故选C。2. You can hear _ much noise _ you cant fall asleep at night. A. too ; toB. enough ; to C. so ; that D. that【解析】C句意：你能听得见如此多的噪音以至于你在夜里都睡不着觉。考查易混连词辨析。tooto太而不能做某事；中间连接形容词或副词原形，

40、后接动词原形组成动词不定式；enough to足够的去做某事；前接形容词或副词原形后接动词原形组成动词不定式；sothat如此的以至于；中间可以连接修饰数量多少的名词短语，后接结果状语从句；suchthat如此的以至于；中间接名词性质的短语后接结果状语从句。根据句中的much noise为修饰数量多少的名词短语，结尾的结果状语从句。故选C。3. They trained _ harder than before _ they could win the match. A. too ; toB. so ; that C. such ; that D. / ; so that【解析】D 句意：他们

41、比以前训练的更加刻苦目的是为了他们能赢得这场比赛。考查易混练习辨析。根据句尾的they could win the match是前面trained harder的目的，所有选择表示目的的连词。故选D。4. 她说得那么快，我几乎听不清她所说的话。 She spoke _ fast _ I could _ hear what she said clearly.【解析】so that hardly 5.为了让大家可以明白，他说得很慢。 He spoke slowly _ _ everyone _ _.【解析】so that could understand6. 我激动得睡不着。 I was _ _

42、_ I couldnt fall asleep. I was _ _ _ fall asleep.【解析】so excited that too excited to 要点14thousands of 好几千；成千上万thousands of，意为“好几千，成千上万”。thousand意为“一千”，用来表示不确定的数目时，thousand应变为复数，且在后面加of。拓展：与thousand用法类似的词Hundred (百), thousand (千), million (百万)等表示概数时，本身要用复数形式，后接“of+可数名词复数”，即“hundreds/thousands/millions

43、 +of+名词复数”，意为“数以百/千/百万计的”。若这些数量词前有基数词，则直接用hundred /thousand/million等，不用复数形式，也不加of。It cost me two hundred dollars.它花了我200美元The restaurant receives hundreds of customers every day.这家饭店每天接待数以百计的顾客【典例分析】1.每年人们会在山上种植成千上万棵树来保护环境。Every year trees are planted on the hills to protect the environment.【解析】thou

44、sands of2. It is reported that nearly _ foreign kids joined a British boarding school last year，and a third of them came from ChinaA. nine thousand B. nine thousands C. nine thousand of D. nine thousands of【解析】A句意：据悉，去年近九千个外国孩子加入了英国寄宿学校，其中三分之一来自中国。考查数量的表达。thousand名词，千；前面有具体数字时，后面thousand不能用复数，也不能跟of

45、; thousands of表示约数。故选A。3. birds have come back because the environment here becomes better and better.A. Thousands of B. Thousand of C. Thousands D. Thousands【解析】 A 考查数词的用法。句意:数千只鸟已经回来，因为这里的环境变得越来越好。thousands of数千的，thousand 与数词连用时使用单数，与of连用时使用复数。故选A。4. It is reported that there are over _ koalas dyi

46、ng in the disastrous wild fire broke out recently in Australia. A. thousands of B. 8 thousands C. 8 thousands of D. 8 thousand【解析】1. D millions of 数以百万计的。概数。 不能与具体数字连用。2.D thousands of 数以千计的。Thousand可以与具体数字连用。Thousand后面不加“s”。数词一、定义与分类数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词，如 one, five, ten, thirty, sixty-fi

47、ve 等；表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词，如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等。数词用法相当于名词和形容词，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语等。二、基数词1. hundred（百）, thousand（千）, million（百万）, billion(十亿) About two thousand people died in the earthquake. 大约有两千人在地震中丧生。 Thousands of people go to the seaside every year. 每年成千上万的人到海滨去。 There are in our sch

48、ool. A. six hundred B. six hundred of ()C. six hundreds () D. six hundreds of () E. hundred () F. hundreds () G. hundreds of (Tips: S, of 总相随，数字S冤家一队. )2. 表示整十的基数词用复数形式可以表示人的大约岁数或年代。如： He is in his early twenties. 他才二十出头。 This took place in the 1930s. 这事发生在20世纪30年代。onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightni

49、nefirstsecondthirdfourthfifthsixthseventheighthnintheleventwelvethirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteeneleventhtwelfththirteenthfourteenthfifteenthsixteenthseventeentheighteenthnineteenthtwentythirtyhundredthousandmilliontwentieththirtiethhundredththousandthmillionth三、序数词 ( hundredhu

50、ndredth thousandthousandth million-millionth)基数词表示几个，后接名词复数，而序数词表示第几个（即一个），后接可数名词的单数。如：six friends(六个朋友) the sixth friend（第六个朋友）序数词前通常要用定冠词，但表示考试或比赛等的名次时，通常可省略其前的定冠词。如：My room is on the second floor and his on the third. 我的房间在三楼，他的房间在四楼。 He was (the) third in the exam. 他考试得了第三名。注：有时序数词前不用定冠词，而用不定冠词，

51、表示次第在原有基础上的增加。如：Well have to do it a second time. 我们得再做一次。四、分数、倍数、小数和百分数1. 分数。分数由基数词和序数词构成：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子超过“1”时，分母用复数。 如： two thirds=2/3three fifths=3/5 注：1/2 通常读作 a one half，一般不读作a second；1/4 可读作 a one fourth，也可读作 a one quarter。2. 倍数。英语中表示倍数时通常借助half, double, twice, three times等之类的词。如：Theyre twi

52、ce the size of chickens. 它们比鸡大一倍。Their house is about three times as big as ours. 他们的房子大约有我们房子三倍大。3. 百分数。百分数由基数词和百分号(%)组成，百分号(%)读作 percent。如：thirty percent=30% 60 percent=60%4、小数。 小数点前的数按总数念，同其它基数词读法一样，小数点用point，小数点后面的数按基数词一个一个单独念。如: 9.65读作nine point six five。218.39读作two hundred and eighteen point t

53、hree nine。五、表示日期1949年1949读作nineteen forty-nine6月23日June 23rd 读作June (the) twenty-third或the twenty-third of June2006年10月October 2006 读作October, two thousand and six1600年5月2日May 2nd, 2005 读作the second of May, sixteen hundred六、表示钟点半小时用half，一刻钟用a quarter，半小时以内用past，超过半小时用to。08:00 eight oclock或eight 09:1

54、5 nine fifteen或a quarter past/after nine02:30 two thirty或half past/after two 05:45 five forty-five或a quarter to six七、表示约数1. 用tens/dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millions of表示“几十、几百、上千、成千上万”等。如： The boy bought dozens of pencils.那个男孩买了几十支铅笔。 Thousands of people died in the earthquake.数以千计的人死于地震。2. 用

55、less than, under, below, almost, nearly, up to等来表示小于或接近某数目。如: nearly two hours将近两个小时。3. 用more than, beyond, or more, over, above等来表示超过或多于某个数目。如: more than 100 years一百多年。4. 用or, or so, about, around, some, more or less等表示在某一数目左右。如: about 50 pens大约五十支钢笔，a month or so大约一个月。5. 用to, fromto, betweenand表示介于两数词。如：His salary rose from 100 dollars a month to 120 dollars a month.他的工资从每月100美元升到了每月120美元。