Unit 3 Extended reading 讲义-2021-2022学年高一英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第一册.docx

1、Extended readingOf friendshipAs we walk the “path of life”, we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts, for quiet periods of reflection can lead to personal improvement. However, when we seek to be alone, we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world. Social life is

2、 also important to us. 1. reflection n.沉思；反射；映像；反映 * reflect vt. 反映;反射(声、光、热等)reflection n. 映像;反映reflective adj. 能反光的；沉思的，深思的；体现.的归纳拓展reflect on/upon 仔细考虑,思考,反省reflection n. 反射;反映;思考,沉思on reflection 仔细想来,经过慎重考虑without reflection不假思索be lost in reflection陷入深思中reflective adj. 反射的;反映的;沉思的自测默写【即时训练】I. 语境

3、串词The reason why he is lost in _ is that he is _ (reflect) on the problems _ in the list. (reflect)【参考答案】reflection; reflecting; reflectedII. 单句语法填空1. (2019全国卷III) But that changed when a system of high-tech mirrors was introduced _ (reflect) sunlight from neighboring peaks（山峰）into the valley below.

4、 2. (2019江苏卷) A city is the product of the human hand and mind, _ (reflect) mans intelligence and creativity.3. (2018全国卷I) All riders are equipped with _ (reflect) vests and safety lights. 4. (2017天津卷) The passage can be seen as the authors reflections _ a particular life experience【参考答案】 1. to refl

5、ect2. reflecting 3. reflective 4. on/upon2. 导致，造成（后果）；通向；通往(1) lead to sth./some place导致某事/通向某地(2) lead to sb./sb.s doing sth.导致某人做某事(3) lead sb. to sth.使得出(观点);引导某人(4) lead sb. to do sth.带领某人做某事;导致某人做某事【温馨贴士】表示“导致”的短语还有:result in; bring about; give rise to; contribute to【即时训练】I.语境串词With him (带路), w

6、e got there without any difficulty. But for him, we would have been lost, which would (导致) serious consequences.II用所给词的恰当形式填空（1）Look over therethere is a very long, winding path (lead) up to the house.（2）The convenience even leads fewer people (take) public transport.（3）The discovery of new evidence

7、 led to the thiefs (catch).（4）（2019年全国卷I）It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy(adjust), high status has just the opposite effect on us.【参考答案】 I. leading the way; lead to II.(1) leading(2) to take(3) being caught(4) adjustment3. seek vi.试图；寻找；争取 vt.寻求；寻找seek to do sth. 试图做某事；努力做

8、某事seek out找到；寻出seek for找寻；寻求seek after追求；寻求seek ones fortune外出寻找发财的机会（1）seek (for) sth./sb. 寻找某物/某人seek after/for 追求;寻求;探索seek sth. from sb. 向某人请求、寻求某事（2）seek to do sth. 尝试/试图做某事（3）seek out 挑选出;物色;找出（4）seek ones fortune 外出闯世界;寻找成功致富之路（5）seeker n. 寻找者;探索者【即时训练】语境串词(1) 他是一位总想寻找成功致富之路的人。去年，他试图办一家公司。我们建

9、议他应该向律师寻求这方面的意见。He is a man who always wants to , Last year, he start a company. We suggested that he the professional lawyer on this matter.(2) 我们应该实事求是。追逐梦想并没有错，但我们要挑选合适的目标We should fact；Its not wrong to , but we are supposed to appropriate aims.【参考答案】(1) seek his forune; sought to; (should) seek

10、advice from (2) seek truth from; seek our dreams; seek out4.vi.& vt.逃脱，躲避；逃跑；避开，避免；被遗忘 n.逃离，逃脱(1)escape from从逃脱/逃跑escapen./doing sth. 避开(做)某事escape ones attention逃过某人的注意(2)a narrow escape九死一生注意：下面两个短语的区别：escape from prison越狱escape prison逃过牢狱之灾归纳拓展sth. escapes sb.某事逃过某人的注意、记忆,某人不记得某事escape ones notic

11、e/attention被某人忽视,某人没有注意到escape (doing) sth.逃脱(做)某事escape from (out of)从逃脱make ones escape 逃跑have a narrow escape九死一生,死里逃生flee-fled-fled逃脱自测默写【即时训练】I. 单句语法填空1. (新概念英语第4册) To escape _ the Earth in a rocket, one must travel at seven miles per second.2. The driver narrowly escaped _ (kill) in the traffi

12、c accident.【参考答案】 1. from2. being killedII. 句型转换1. For some reason which I forget, we had to take a taxi.For some reason which _ _, we had to take a taxi.2. His handwriting was so beautiful that I didnt pay attention to several spelling mistakes in his composition.His handwriting was so beautiful th

13、at several spelling mistakes in his composition _ _ _.【参考答案】1. escapes me 2. escaped my attentionMore often than not, close friendships will help smooth out the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant to travel.As we live in social groups, there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy.

14、Generally speaking, close friendships have three “fruits”: they may comfort the heart, advise the head and help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves. Through friendship, we can become happier, wiser and more satisfied humans.5.n.优势；益处；成效 vt.使受益 vi.得益于(1)be of benefit to.对有益的for the benefit of.为

15、了的利益(2)benefit from.从中受益benefit sb. 使某人获益(3)beneficial adj.有益的be beneficial to.对有益归纳拓展benefit from从中获益be of benefit to.对有益for ones benefit/for the benefit of sb.为了帮助某人;为了某人的利益beneficial adj. 有益的be beneficial to对有益自测默写【即时训练】I. 语境填词The suggestions from your teacher is surely of great _, from which you

16、 will _ a lot. If I were you, I would follow whatever is _ to my growth. (benefit)【参考答案】benefit; benefit; beneficialII. 单句语法填空1. (2019天津卷) The author benefited _ his experience in the debate club. 2. It is _ (benefit) to some people, while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not.3.

17、 (2019北京卷) The students _ (benefit) most from college are those who are totally engaged in academic life, taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources.【参考答案】 1. from2. beneficial3. benefiting6. vt. 安慰；抚慰n. 安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物;；舒服；安逸 uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的,不自在的discomfort n. 不适【反】comfortabl

18、e adj. 舒服的,自在的comfort vt. 安慰 n. 安慰;舒适(1) in comfort舒适地give comfort to sb.安慰某人a great comfort to sb.对某人来讲是莫大的安慰It is/was a comfort to do sth.做.是件令人安慰的事。(2)comfortableuncomfortablecomfortablyThe first fruit of friendship is the peace that comes from sharing with friends our joy, sadness, success and f

19、ailure. Here, friendship has a double advantagehappiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved! Naturally, this kind of openness results from a close friendship. With true friends, we feel free to share our joy and sadness in full measure. We know that our friends

20、will both respect our feelings and treasure these moments of closeness. Indeed, the human heart depends on such opportunities for comfort and protection.7. n.失败；失败的人(或事) ；未履行;故障(1)a failure一个失败的人/一件失败的事(2) failvi.&vt.失败；不及格；(健康、视力、记忆力)衰退fail to do sth.未能做某事fail in (doing) sth.在(做)某事中失败engine/crop fa

21、ilure 发动机故障/庄稼歉收end in failure以失败结束fail v. 失败;忘记、忽视或未能(做某事)fail to do 未能做或忘记做fail (in) sth. 在某事中失败failure作“失败”讲时,用作不可数名词;作“失败的人/事”讲时,用作可数名词。类似的词还有a success 一个/件成功的人/事an honour 一个/件引以为荣的人/事a beauty 一个美人a surprise 一件令人惊讶的事a difficulty 一件困难的事a pleasure 一件令人愉快的事【即时训练】写出下列句中fail的汉语意思(1) If you dont work

22、hard, you may fail. (2) He failed his driving test. (3) He never fails to write to his mother every week. (4) The crops failed because of drought. (5) My uncle􀆳s kidneys failed two days after the operation. 【参考答案】 (1) 失败(2) 不及格(3) 忘记(4) 歉收(5) 衰竭8.呈现，具有(特征、外观等)；雇用(1) take to喜欢上;适应;养成的习惯(2) t

23、ake in吸收;接纳;欺骗(3) take on呈现;雇用;承担(4) take off(飞机)起飞;突然开始成功;开始走红;脱(衣服等);休假(5) take up占据;开始从事;接受（建议或挑战）(6) take apart拆开【即时训练】I. 语境串词 选用take短语合适的形式填空We by his innocent, boyish looks. It was investigated that he his fathers company last year. Since then, the company . he can perfectly balance his work a

24、nd entertainment. For example, he going to the gym after work. In a word, he is a determined man who is willing to any challenge.【参考答案】were taken in; took over; has taken off; takes to; take upII用take的适当形式填空（1）(2019天津卷)The sign on the wall of the library says, “No magazine is allowed _ out of the re

25、ading room”.（2）(2018天津卷)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph【参考答案】（1）to be taken （2）taken9.n.时光，时机；瞬间；某个时刻at the moment现在at that moment在那时for a moment一会儿for the moment暂时in a moment马上from that moment on从那时起the moment从句一就The second fruit of friendship is the better understanding

26、and judgement that may be achieved through conversations with well-meaning and wise friends. We often find it easier to recognize other peoples weaknesses than our own. 10.vt.承认；意识到；认出，辨别出(1)recognize ones voice辨别出某人的声音recognize sb. as/to be.承认某人是It is recognized that.人们公认(2)recognition n.承认；认出recog

27、nize vt. 认识，辨认出 recognition n. 识别；承认；认出(1) be recognized as被公认为It is recognized that.人们公认(2) out of/beyond recognition认不出来【即时训练】. 语境串词Its that celebrities have little privacy. To avoid in public, they always wear dark glasses. Their life is somewhat mysterious, which is beyond _.(recognize)【参考答案】 re

28、cognized; being recognized/recognition; recognition II.完成句子（2019全国I卷）在19个公认的北极熊亚种群中，3个在下降，6个较稳定，1个在增加，9个缺乏足够的数据。 Of the nineteen _polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【参考答案】 recognized As a result, if we are guided only by our o

29、wn feelings, our judgements might be one-sided. On the other hand, our friends are better able to offer advice on important decisions that we all have to make. Also, when we want to talk our problems over with a friend, we have to put our thoughts into words first.This alone helps make our thoughts

30、clearer and brings us a more thorough understanding of our problems.The third fruit of friendship is the help that a friend may offer in many different ways. Sometimes a friend is even known as our “second self”. There are so many things in life that can only be achieved with the help of friends.Fri

31、ends may have many different ideas and skills. They can help us achieve what we want during life and, perhaps, even after death.Finally, it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends. Friends should be carefully chosen and relationships carefully

32、 developed. In this way, we can better walk the “path of life” with the comfort, advice and help from our trusted friends.11. n.陪伴，作伴；公司(1) set up a company开办公司(2) for company作伴；陪伴in the company of和在一起in company with与一起keep sb. company陪伴某人* accompany vt. 陪伴；陪同；伴随；为伴奏accompanist n. 伴奏者companion n. 伙伴

33、company n. 公司；陪伴 accompany sb. to sp 陪伴某人去某地accompany sb. at/on 为伴奏be accompanied by 由陪同company n. U 陪伴，做伴C 公司keep sb. company 陪伴某人in company with 与一起companion n. 伙伴自测默写【温馨贴士】(1)accompany是及物动词，不要在其后误加介词with。但是，用于被动语态的accompany后可接介词with或by。(2)accompany习惯上不接不定式的复合结构作宾语，而是接to sp.，如： He accompanied her

34、to the station.【即时训练】I. 语境串词(1)Luo Jiaying and Wang Mingquan are each others good life _. They have kept each other _ through the hardest times. They are now living a happy life. Look! Wang is singing sweetly, with Luo _ her on the piano.(company)II. 语法填空(2)(accompany) with wind, the rain poured for

35、 a whole day.(3) (accompany) him for a week, she decided not to leave any longer.(4)At the concert, she accompanied the singer the piano.【参考答案】(1)companion company accompanying (2)Accompanied(3)Having accompanied(4)on/at12.n.一伙人，一帮人；人群 vt.挤满，使拥挤 vi.聚集；挤，涌(1)a crowd of/crowds of一群，众多(2)be crowded wit

36、h挤满crowd around/round聚集在周围crowd into涌入，挤进(3)crowded adj.拥挤的13.vt.钦佩；欣赏(1) admire.for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而钦佩、羡慕(2)admiring adj.赞赏的；羡慕的(3)admirable adj.可钦佩的；值得赞赏的(4)admiration n.钦佩；赞赏；羡慕in/with admiration钦佩地(Adapted from “Of Friendship”, an essay written by Francis Bacon, a great English writer, scien

37、tist and philosopher)1. As we live in social groups，there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy.(1) As we live in social groups为as引导的原因状语从句，as在此表示“因为，由于”。(2)as作从属连词的其他用法总结：引导时间状语从句，表示“当时候；随着；一边一边”。引导方式状语从句，表示“按照，如，像”。引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”。引导比较状语从句，表示“像一样地”。2. We often find it easier to reco

38、gnize other peoples weaknesses than our own.“finditadj.to do sth. ”中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。能用于本句型的动词除了find，还有feel，make，think，consider等。3. Friends should be carefully chosen and relationships carefully developed.本句存在并列句的省略现象，and连接的两个分句结构相同，谓语部分都有should be，那么可以省略第二个分句中的should be。My office is on the ground floor and hers ( ) on the first. (省略is)Reading means a full man, conference ( ) a ready man ,and writing () an exact man.(省略means) You must stop, and ( ) at once this sort of behavior. (省略you must stop)They attempted to escape, but ( ) in vain. (省略they attempted）