Unit 3 Festivals and customs 语言知识 拓展阅读 话题写作-2023-2024学年高一英语【知识夯基练.docx

1、 Unit 3 Festivals and customs (必修第二册)单元整体分析单元主题本单元的主题语境是人与社会，话题是节日与风俗，涉及的语篇类型有视频、旅行日记、专题文章和幻灯片等。本单元的教学旨在帮助学生了解各国不同的风俗文化，引领学生理解文化内涵，比较文化异同，提高跨文化沟通能力和传播中国文化的能力。在本单元教学中，教师不仅要引导学生围绕单元话题开展文化交流活动，指导学生以尊重和包容的心态看待异国文化，提升跨文化交际的能力，还要鼓励学生介绍我国的文化习俗，进一步加深学生对中华文化内涵的认识和理解，做好中华文化的传播者，坚定文化自信。核心素养(1) 语言能力：掌握和运用与节日风俗相

2、关的词汇；探究归纳过去将来时的语法规则，并在情境中恰当地理解与使用该规则进行意义表达。(2) 文化意识：了解其他国家的主要习俗，对比中国的习俗，尊重和包容文化的多样性；提高传播中华优秀传统文化的意识；(3) 思维品质：比较中外传统节日的异同，探讨中外传统节日对文化认同、文化传承的价值和意义；(4) 学习能力：运用恰当的结构和语言推广中国传统节日；与同伴合作，完成介绍节日的幻灯片。第一部分 语言知识问题：本单元有哪些与学校生活相关的核心词汇？这些词汇有多少是课标中必须掌握的？这些词汇学生应该掌握到什么程度？词汇教学该如何与高考对接？活动一 核心词汇请根据句意或所给提示词用适当形式填空。1. Th

3、e bridge is not as _ (impress) as some guides would have you believe. 2. Mrs Southern listened keenly, breaking in with relevant questions _(occasion).3. Its a pleasure to see more and more people are taking up a foreign language in an attempt to find a better job or to get kind of _ (promote).4. Wh

4、en it grew dark, a number of colored lamps were lit and the sailors danced on the deck_ (merry).5. An _(observe) doctor can often detect depression from expression, posture and movement.6. Shops that stay open twenty-four hours a day like 7-11 and Lawson are a great _ (convenient) to the public. 7.

5、This documentary film gives us a true and detailed description of the ordinary and _ (honour) life of an old communist party member.8. Eco-agriculture in China is a _(represent) type of sustainable development.9. The family of the missing child has been called in by the police to _ (identity) the bo

6、dy. 10. _ (fortune), the rescue team arrived in time and helped the workers out of the mine.答案：1. impressive 2. occasionally3. promotion 4. merrily5. observant6. convenience7. honourable8. representative9. identify10. Fortunately活动二 重点短语问题： 本单元中有哪些重要短语和固定搭配?如何更好地运用这些短语和搭配?根据句意选择方框中所给短语并用适当形式填空。anyth

7、ing but; fall on; set off; in honour of; in the air; by tradition; pass down1. Rising tensions have turned the area into a powder-keg and any incident could _ a battle.2. Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been _smooth and effortless. 3. They hold many kinds of activities _ old p

8、eople, wishing them good health and a long life.4. By celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival with rice dumplings and dragon boat races, the story of Qu Yuan _ from generation to generation.5. As the band plays, and with romance _, Mr. Smith recalls how he came to Beijing.答案：1. set off2. anything but3.

9、 in honour of 4. has been passed down 5. in the air活动三 必备句型问题：本单元有哪些学生必备实用句型？如何有效梳理这些实用句型？如何操练这些句型并实际运用在写作中？课文原句(1) 虽然外面天寒地冻，他们幸福的脸庞却让屋内的空气暖洋洋的，欢声笑语处处可闻。 _(2) 在五个小时的旅程中，他们兴奋地聊着天，心中想的都是温暖的家。 _仿写句子(3) The show was about to begin as I took my place in the merry crowd. 我刚在欢乐的人群中找好位置，表演就要开始了。仿写：_ 我刚要坐下看场

10、球赛，妈妈就叫我去买点酱料。(4) On their arrival, they find Luos parents eagerly waiting for them. 一到家，他们就发现父母早就翘首以待了。仿写：_ 一听到解放的消息，我们所有人都留下激动的泪水。翻译句子(5) 我深深地沉迷于阅读中，不知不觉半天过去了。 _(6) 事实上，没有什么比被心仪的大学录取更让我高兴的事了。 _答案：(1) Despite the cold outside, their happy faces fill the air with warmth while merry laughter rings th

11、roughout the house.(2) During the five-hour trip, they chatted excitedly with each other, their minds full of thoughts about their sweet home.(3) I was about to sit down and watch a football match as/when my mom asked me to buy sauces.(4) On hearing the news of liberation, we all burst into tears wi

12、th excitement.(5) I was so caught up in reading that I hardly noticed half a day fly by. (6) Indeed, I could not be happier to be admitted to/into my dream university.自选佳句 _ _ _ _活动四 单元语法：句子成分和结构问题：与本单元语法“过去将来时”相关的规则有哪些？“过去将来时”的构成有哪些形式？1. 基础知识(1) 过去将来时常用于以下几种情况： 就过去某一时间而言，以后将要发生的事情； 过去安排好要做的事情； 后来真实

13、发生的事情；(2) 过去将来时的构成有以下几种形式： would do基本表达； was/were going to do表示预言、意图或者打算等； was/were to do表示过去曾计划安排要做或注定要发生的事情； was/were about to do表示即将发生的动作； was/were doing仅限于某些表示位移的动词，如come, go, arrive, leave等，过去进行时表将来。2. 单句语法填空(1) They knew there _ (be) trouble if the report wasnt finished by the next day. (2) Sh

14、e hurried to the entrance at which the car _(arrive), and looked forward to seeing her husband. (3) The bus driver told everybody to get ready because the bus _(start). (4) At that moment, I had just finished my homework and _(go) to bed.(5) The steward said that the next flight _(take off) in ten m

15、inutes.(6) In the banquet hall of the hotel, where a party _(hold), some people were busy setting the tables. (7) My father _(take) me to the park frequently when I was a little boy.(8) He promised me if we won the game, he _ (buy) us a round of drinks.(9) Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a

16、 story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what _(come). (10) I _ (turn off) the computer when I received an email.答案：(1) would be(2) would arrive(3) was starting (4) was going(5) was taking off/would take off(6) was to be held(7) would take(8) would buy(9) was to come(10) was about to

17、 turn off3. 语篇填空During the war my husband (1)_ (station) at an army camp in a desert in California. I went to live there in order to be near him. I hated the place and I had never been so unhappy. My husband was ordered out on a long-term duty and I was left in a tiny house alone. The heat was (2)_

18、(bear) almost 125 F even in the shade of a cactus (仙人掌). The wind blew non-stop and the air I breathed were filled with sand sand sand!I was so sorry for myself that I wrote to my parents. I told them I couldnt stand it one minute longer and I (3)_ (come) back home. I would rather be in prison! My f

19、ather answered my letter with just two lines that (4)_ (change) my life completely: Two men looked out from prison bars, one saw the mud the other saw the stars.I read those two lines over and over and was ashamed of myself. I made up my mind I would find out (5)_was good in my present situation; I

20、(6)_ (look) for the stars.I made friends with the natives and their reaction amazed me. They gave me presents of their favorite artworks (7)_ they had refused to sell to tourists. I studied the delightful forms of the cactus. I watched for the desert sunsets and hunted for seashells that (8)_ (leave

21、) there millions of years ago when the desert had been an ocean floor.What brought about this astonishing change in me? The desert hadnt changed, (9)_ I had. I had changed my attitude. And by doing so, I changed an unhappy experience (10)_ the most amazing adventure of my life. I was excited by this

22、 new world that I had discovered. I had looked out of my self-created prison and found the stars.答案：(1) was stationed(2) unbearable(3) was coming(4) would change(5) what(6) would look(7) which/that(8) had been left(9) but(10) into建议1. 培养学生自主梳理、复习本单元主题相关的重点词汇、短语的能力，促使学生更好地运用这些语言知识；2. 加强重点句型和自选佳句的诵读，为

23、写作输出积累基础；3. 鼓励学生在情境中理解与使用语法规则进行意义表达；4. 引导学生回归课本，读熟单元中的话题语篇，积累与话题相关的素材。第二部分 拓展阅读问题1. 如何通过群文阅读让学生了解不同的节日风俗，形成文化意识，坚定文化自信？问题 2. 如何通过语篇阅读，训练学生的阅读策略？活动一 阅读理解A【语篇类型】 新闻报道【核心素养】 思维品质、文化意识BEIJING- Wang Yaping, a taikonaut onboard Chinas space station core module (舱), offered people on Earth a zero-gravity m

24、usical performance on Tuesday evening to celebrate the Lantern Festival. The space show was shared via a video released at an annual TV gala for the festival celebration. In the video, Wang was seen floating in the space module while playing a guzheng, or Chinese zither. She played a segment of the

25、popular Chinese folk song. “Jasmine Flower”.The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar calendar. People usually hang colorful lanterns, play riddle games and express their wishes and hopes for the future.The crew members, who traveled to the space station core

26、 module on the Shenzhou-13 mission, kept some festive traditions alive as they continued to rotate around the Earth. Commander Zhai Zhigang wrote riddles on red paper scrolls with a brush pen. He displayed the calligraphy together with taikonaut Ye Guangfu and extended festival greetings to the audi

27、ence. They also sent blessings to athletes at the ongoing Beijing Winter Olympics: “We hope that you all achieve success, gain friendship and harvest your best Olympic experience.”The video of the space performance was received with much enthusiasm after it was shared on social media platforms. It d

28、rew nearly 2 million clicks in one hour after several national media outlets posted it on the Chinese micro-blogging site Sina Weibo. The Weibo account of Zhurong, Chinas first rover on Mars, reposted the video, commenting, “The music was so beautiful, and it made me homesick, too.”The Lantern Festi

29、val also marks the last day of the lunar New Year celebration. Though far from home, the festive atmosphere in space are the same. The China Manned Space Agency released a video on social media platforms on Tuesday, showing that the taikonauts had decorated the orbiting core module with red lanterns

30、, Chinese knots and paper-cutting decorations. Wearing new clothes, the trio (三人小组) enjoyed the traditions of eating dumplings and posting spring couplets on walls During the Chinese New Year holiday, they were also spotted watching the Winter Olympics and doing workouts in orbit.1. How did the mass

31、 enjoy the musical performance according to the text?A. By watching a video posted online by Wang Yaping herself.B. By watching a video coming from a TV gala.C. By watching the Lantern Festival gala at the scene.D. By logging on the Internet through computers.2. What does the underlined word “rotate

32、” mean according to the context?A. Access.B. Substitute.C. Circle.D. Launch.3. What can we learn from the text?A. The video of the space performance became a great hit.B. Zhai Zhigang showed the calligraphy on his own.C. The Beijing Winter Olympics had come to an end when the astronauts sent their r

33、egards.D. Wang Yaping shared puzzles on red paper scrolls.4. Which is the best title of the passage?A. Chinese folk song “Jasmine Flower” is played on space station.B. Taikonauts send blessings to the Beijing Winter Olympics athletes.C. Taikonauts keep Lantern Festival traditions alive on space stat

34、ion.D. China makes major breakthroughs in the outer space exploration.答案：1. B. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段The space show was shared via a video released at an annual TV gala for the festival celebration可知，大众通过观看电视晚会的录像来欣赏音乐表演。2. C. 词义猜测题。根据上文The crew members, who traveled to the space station core module on the S

35、henzhou-13 mission可知，他们继续围绕着地球旋转，使一些节日的传统得以保留。rotate意为“环绕”。3. A. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段It drew nearly 2 million clicks in one hour after several national media outlets posted it on the Chinese micro-blogging site Sina Weibo可知，太空表演的视频大受欢迎。4. C. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段BEIJING- Wang Yaping, a taikonaut onboard Chinas spa

36、ce station core module, offered people on Earth a zero-gravity musical performance on Tuesday evening to celebrate the Lantern Festival可知，文章主要讲述了在空间站上，宇航员们保持着元宵节的传统。B【语篇类型】 说明文【核心素养】 思维品质、文化意识The International Day of Happiness, March 20th, is a United Nations project which has a serious purpose. The

37、 UN thinks happiness will only be for everyone when the people of the world are equal. On this date, the centre of the sun is directly above the Earths equator(赤道), which is called an equinox (春分). On the equinox, day and night last for almost equal time all over the Earth. The equinox is felt by ev

38、eryone on the planet, which matches perfectly with the idea behind the Day of Happiness. Since 2013, the Day of Happiness has been celebrated in all 193 United Nations member states. The United Nations invites each person of any age to join in celebration of the International Day of Happiness.The id

39、ea goes back to 1972, when the King of Bhutan, Jigme Singye Wangchuck, said that they should measure a countrys progress by its happiness and not just how much it produces or how much money it makes. He called it Gross National Happiness (GNH). Again, it is more than just a nice idea. Bhutan develop

40、ed a system to measure happiness based on things like peoples psychological health, their general health, how they spend their time, where they live, their education and their environment. People in Bhutan answer about 300 questions, and the results are compared every year to measure progress. The g

41、overnment uses the results and the ideas behind GNH to make decisions for the country.In 2011, a UN adviser called Jayme Illien suggested the idea of an international day to increase happiness. His plan was accepted by Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon in 2012. Jayme was born in Calcutta, India, and he

42、became an orphan when he was a child. He was adopted by an American nurse, Anna Belle Illien. She travelled the world to help orphans and she took Jayme with her. He saw children like him, but who were not as lucky as him because they were often escaping wars or they were very poor. He wanted to do

43、something about it, so he worked in the areas of childrens and human rights.The UN measures and compares the happiness of different countries in the World Happiness Report. It bases its report on social, economic and environmental well-being. The UN also sets goals for countries to achieve to increa

44、se happiness because it says happiness is a basic human right. Happiness should not be something people have because they are lucky to live in a place where they have basic things like peace, education and access to healthcare.5. What do we know about the Day of Happiness?A. People all over the worl

45、d celebrate it.B. Its a day to make people equal and happy.C. Its on the same day when the equinox happens for everyone.D. Different countries celebrate the Day of Happiness on different dates.6. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A. How happiness is measured in Bhuta.B. What happiness means to

46、 people in Bhutan.C. How the idea of the Day of Happiness started.D. When people began to celebrate the Day of Happiness.7. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?A. Jayme Illiens childhood experience influenced his choice of work.B. UN thinks happiness depends largely on basic things people

47、 have.C. UN has followed exactly the work of Bhutan to measure happiness.D. Jayme Illien proposed the idea of the International Day of Happiness.8. In which section of a magazine may this text appear?A. Entertainment.B. Culture. C. Science.D Health.答案：5. C. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段On this date, the centre of t

48、he sun is directly above the Earths equator, which is called an equinox及The equinox is felt by everyone on the planet，which matches perfectly with the idea behind the Day of Happiness可知，春分与幸福日背后的理念完美契合，所以国际幸福日在春分这一天。6. C. 段落大意题。根据第三段The idea goes back to 1972, when the King of Bhutan said that they

49、should measure a countrys progress by its happiness and not just how much it produces or how much money it makes.可知，第三段主要介绍幸福日想法的起源及如何开始的。故选C项。7. A. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段He saw children like him, but who were not as lucky as him because they were often escaping wars or they were very poor. He wanted to do s

50、omething about it, so he worked in the areas of childrens and human rights可知，Jayme Illien的童年经历影响了日后他对工作的选择。故选A项。8. B. 推理判断题。根据第一段The International Day of Happiness, March 20th, is a United Nations project which has a serious purpose可知，本篇文章主要介绍了国际幸福日，这属于文化范畴，所以这篇文章会出现在杂志的文化部分，故选B项。活动二 七选五【语篇类型】 说明文【核

51、心素养】 思维品质、文化意识The 24 solar terms were created thousands of years ago in China to guide agricultural production. They also reflect Chinas rich history through the seasonal festivals, special foods, cultural ceremonies, family gatherings and even healthy living tips that correspond with each solar ter

52、m. 1 Rain Water signals the increase in rainfall and rise in temperature. With its arrival, lively spring-like scenery starts blossoming: the river water defreezes, wild geese move from south to north and trees and grass tum green again. 2 In northern China, the spring drought is common and the rain

53、fall of this season accounts for only 10 to 15 percent of annual average rainfall. At this time of year, farmers begin to plough their fields. Its the right time to prepare for spring sowing when the day gets warmer. 3 During Rain Water period, extra care is needed to deal with a returning cold spel

54、l and humidity, which is the amount of water in the air. 4 It is strongly advised not to take off the thick coats too early and to keep warm, especially the elderly and children.The wet and humid weather during Rain Water period is considered harmful for peoples spleen (脾) and stomach according to C

55、hinese medical practice. 5 People in Beijing often eat porridge cooked with a kind of Chinese herb medicine to resist cold and wet weather. Honey, dates and Chinese yam are also very good nourishment to put in the porridge.A. With Rain Water coming, insects become more active.B. A bowl of nutritious

56、 porridge is the best choice to nourish the body.C. Therefore, Rain Water is considered as a key period to water the fields.D. According to an old Chinese saying, the rainfall in spring is as precious as oil.E. The temperature in most of the basin areas increases quickly during Rain WaterF. One of t

57、he 24 solar terms, which is very important in spring, is called Rain Water.G. The fast increase in air humidity due to rainfall can result in lower temperature and wet weather.答案：1. F. One of the 24 solar terms, which is very important in spring, is called Rain Water承接上句，并且引出后文要介绍的二十四节气之一的雨水，承上启下。2.

58、 D. 根据后句In northern China, the spring drought is common and the rainfall of this season accounts for only 10 to 15 percent of annual average rainfall可知，春季北方是缺雨的，因此春雨非常珍贵。3. C. 根据上句At this time of year, farmers begin to plough their fields. Its the right time to prepare for spring sowing when the day

59、 gets warmer可知空格处和上句构成因果关系，说明雨水是人们准备春播灌溉农田的关键时期。4. G. 根据后句It is strongly advised not to take off the thick coats too early and to keep warm, especially the elderly and children可知空格处是建议人们不要过早脱下厚外套，注意保暖的原因。5. B. 根据后句People in Beijing often eat porridge cooked with a kind of Chinese herb medicine to re

60、sist cold and wet weather可知后句承接B项具体说明北京人经常吃的一种中草药煮的粥来抵御寒冷和潮湿的天气。建议1. 指导学生在阅读过程中归纳段落大意、分析长难句、猜测词义等；2. 引导学生总结归纳所选语篇的大意、写作目的、作者的情感态度；3. 引领学生关注语篇主题语境与相关话题，理解文化内涵，提高跨文化沟通能力。第三部分 话题写作问题：本单元话题写作重点训练应用文中的请求信和应答信，如何为学生的写作搭建梯架？怎样有效请求帮助或提供帮助呢？活动一 词块积累1. ask for a favour2. give sb a helping hand3. something nee

61、d to be done4. Im writing in the hope that you can give me some advice on.5. Im in great need of your professional guidance in.6. We would appreciate it if you could.活动二 应用文请求信、应答信假定你是李华，在农场参加社会实践(social practice)时发现农民丰收的桃子需要及时销售，请给某电商平台英文栏负责人写一封信，请他帮忙在网上促销，内容包括：1.请求帮助；2.介绍情况(质量、价格等)；3.表达感谢。注意：1. 写作

62、词数应为80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【设计意图】 在具体情境中训练如何请求帮助。Dear Sir/Madam, Sincerely,Li Hua【参考范文】Dear Sir/Madam,I am Li Hua, a student from China following your account for a long while. I am writing to ask for your help. During my recent social practice in the farm, I have found that the farmers there have a

63、 rich harvest of peaches which need to be sold as soon as possible.The peaches are rather sweet and juicy, with reasonable price and popular among the local residents. However, it seems a waste not to sell such a large number of peaches in a short time. Would you please help to promote the peaches on your platform?The farmers will be extremely grateful if you can do them a favour.Sincerely,Li Hua建议1. 相关词块的积累主要靠学生的智慧，不能靠教师个人的简单呈现；2. 作文批改可以采用学生自评、同学互评和教师点评等相结合的多样化方式;3. 鼓励学生自行创造生活情境，反复练习请求信和应答信。