Unit 4 Section A Reading and Thinking-2020-2021学年高二英语同步课堂帮帮帮（人教版2019选择性必修第三册）.docx

1、UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE4.1 Reading and Thinking核心词汇1. qualified adj. 符合资格的; 具备的知识(或技能、学历等)*Tom was well qualified for any of these offices. 汤姆完全有资格担任这些职务中的任何一个。*All in all, we believed that she was a qualified teacher. 总之, 我们相信她是一位合格的教师。*You cannot assume that a speaker of English is qualified

2、to teach English. 你不能假定会说英语的人就有资格教英语。(1)be qualified for (doing) sth. 有的资格; 可胜任qualify sb. as使有资格成为qualify sb. for使合格; 使有资格(2)qualify vi. 取得资格, 有资格(3)qualification n. 资格; 条件acquire/gain/get/obtain/have/hold qualifications2. aboard adv. /prep. 在(飞机、火车、公共汽车、船)上 *He was already aboard the plane. 他已经登机了

3、。*The plane crashed killing all 157 passengers aboard. 飞机坠毁, 机上157名乘客全部遇难。*As soon as we finished lunch, the conductor shouted“ All aboard! ”我们刚吃完午饭, 乘务员就大喊“大家上车了! ”(1)aboard a (the) train/bus/plane上火车/公交车/飞机All aboard! 请大家上车(或船等)马上就要开了Welcome aboard! 欢迎乘坐; 欢迎加入(2)on board(近义词)在船(火车、飞机)上【易混辨析】注意: ab

4、oard与abroad(在海外) 在拼写上容易混淆。3. assign vt. 分派; 布置; 分配*The two large classrooms have been assigned to us. 这两间大教室分配给了我们。*Theyve assigned their best man to the job. 他们指派了最优秀的人担任这项工作。*We assign different questions to everyone, and then everyone is responsible for writing the assigned questions. 我们将不同的问题分配给

5、每个人, 然后每人负责写分配到的问题。(1) assign sth. to sb. /assign sb. sth. 分配某人做某事assign sb. (to sth. /as sth. )指定; 指派assign sb. to do sth. 派某人做某事(2) assignment n. 分配; 任务; 作业4. envy n. &v. 羡慕; 嫉妒*She has always envied my success. 她一直嫉妒我的成功。*I don t envy you your journey in this bad weather. 我并不羡慕你在这种坏天气去旅行。*Her man

6、y talents were the envy of all her friends. 她多才多艺, 所有的朋友都很羡慕她。(1)envy sth. /sb. 嫉妒; 羡慕envy sb. sth. 嫉妒某人的not envy. . . 庆幸不是(或没有)(2)be the envy of sb. 成为羡慕(或嫉妒)的对象green with envy非常嫉妒; 非常眼红5. abandon vt. 放弃; 遗弃; 抛弃; 中止; 使放纵; 使听任n. 放任; 放纵*I could not abandon her, though I was advised to bring her to or

7、phanage. 我不能抛弃她, 虽然有人建议我把她送到孤儿院去。*The study showed a deep fear among the elderly of being abandoned to the care of strangers. 研究表明, 老人十分害怕被丢给陌生人照顾。*They had to abandon their lands to the invading forces. 他们不得不舍弃土地, 让侵略军占领。(1)abandon oneself to. . . 沉湎/纵情于abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事(2)abandoned adj. 被遗弃

8、的; 放纵的be abandoned to沉湎于6. persevere vi. 坚持; 不屈不挠; 孜孜以求*She persevered with her violin lessons. 她孜孜不倦地学习小提琴。*The cold weather will persevere for the whole week. 寒冷的天气将持续整整一周。 *They are determined to persevere in the fight. 他们决定坚持战斗。(1)persevere with sth. /sb. 坚持 persevere in (doing) sth. 坚持; 保持(2)pe

9、rseverance n. 坚持不懈; 不屈不挠; 毅力 7. resolve v. 解决; 决心; 决定n. 决心; 坚定的信念*We must find a way to resolve these problems before its too late. 我们必须找到一个办法去解决这些问题, 不然就太晚了。*From that moment she resolved to trace the unknown element. 从那时起, 她决心找出这种未知的元素。*We resolved on making an early start. 我们决定尽早动身。*The mixture w

10、ill resolve into two simple substances. 这种混合物可分解为两种简单物质。*She was a woman of great resolve. 她是一个不屈不挠的女人。(1)resolve an issue /a dispute/a conflict/a crisis解决问题争端冲突危机resolve on sth. /doing sth. 决心/决定做某事resolve into使分解为; 归结为(2)resolution n. 决定; 解决; 决心 pass/adopt/carry a resolution通过一项决议make a resolution

11、下决心; 制订计划【名师点津】resolve与solvesolve 用于解决一般难题, 如solve a problem, solve a riddle, solve an math problem。resolve是用于解决矛盾, 或者是解决大难题, 显示问题的严重性, 如resolve a conflict/a crisis/differences。8. turn sb. down 拒绝某人*Some impractical suggestions were turned down by the committee. 一些不切实际的建议被委员会驳回了。*Furthermore, Americ

12、an college reputation is based more on how many are turned down than how many are admitted. 此外, 美国大学的声誉更多是基于有多少人被拒绝, 而不是有多少人被录取。*(2020江苏高考)Yet, when something new turns up, more often than not, we do not even know its name. 然而, 当新事物出现时, 我们往往连它的名字都不知道。9. hold on 等一下; 继续; 坚持*The manager asked him to h

13、old on while he investigated. 经理让他稍等一会, 他去调查一下。*He said he would hold on to the truth with his blood and life. 他说他会为坚持真理而奉献鲜血和生命。*(2020新高考全国卷)If an overweight person is having a large portion, Ill hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. 如果一个超重的人吃得很多, 我就会犹豫一下, 因为我看到了他的饮食习惯的后果。

14、(推迟)10. Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition. 嗯, 碰巧有一天早上我买了一份报纸, 看到了南极探险的广告。【句式解构】It (so) happened that. . . 碰巧; 恰好; 正巧。 It作形式主语的固定句型。*It happened that I was standing next to him when he collapsed. 他突然倒下去的时候, 我恰好站在他的身旁。*

15、It happens that his sister is a close friend of mine. 碰巧她姐姐是我的一个好朋友。【名师点津】类似的句式还有: It seems/seemed that. . . 似乎It occurred (to sb. )that. . . 想到; 想起It doesnt matter that. . . 没有关系11. This was no time to panic. 这个时候决不能恐慌。【句式解构】no表示情况的反面, 意为“不是, 并不, 绝非”*Mr Chen is no fool. 陈先生决不是傻瓜。*He is no good at t

16、ennis. 他的网球打得很不好。*I have no more than ten dollars. 我只有十美元。根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词1. We are proud to turn (逆境) into opportunity and register a sales growth of 6. 4 percent in China during the first quarter. 2. “ I made just a few yuan it was heartbreaking, “ she said with a (苦涩的) smile. 3. Inside the capsul

17、e is a mattress with quilt and pillow, two charging plugs for mobile phones or laptops, a lockable (橱柜) for luggage and a bedside table. 4. Corn stalks can be (压碎) and returned to the field, but rice straw cant be returned. 5. Oilseed rape flowers came into full bloom in spring, coloring the fields

18、with a bright yellow (毯子) . 6. And these projects are usually managed more efficiently because they (分派)internal people to help us. 7. They might have (体面的) jobs and stable incomes in the cities. 8. Sun has a deep sense of pride in her work and (真诚的) trust in her team members. 9. All teachers are (符

19、合资格) to teach their native language. 10. Nothing could weaken his (决心)to continue. 答案：1. We are proud to turn adversity(逆境) into opportunity and register a sales growth of 6. 4 percent in China during the first quarter. 2. “ I made just a few yuan it was heartbreaking, “ she said with a bitter(苦涩的)

20、smile. 3. Inside the capsule is a mattress with quilt and pillow, two charging plugs for mobile phones or laptops, a lockable cupboard (橱柜) for luggage and a bedside table. 4. Corn stalks can be crushed(压碎) and returned to the field, but rice straw cant be returned. 5. Oilseed rape flowers came into

21、 full bloom in spring, coloring the fields with a bright yellow blanket(毯子) . 6. And these projects are usually managed more efficiently because they assign(分派)internal people to help us. 7. They might have decent(体面的) jobs and stable incomes in the cities. 8. Sun has a deep sense of pride in her wo

22、rk and genuine(真诚的) trust in her team members. 9. All teachers are qualified(符合资格) to teach their native language. 10. Nothing could weaken his resolve(决心)to continue. . 阅读理解The world celebrates Earth Day every year on April 22. But one school in Potomac, Maryland tries to celebrate Earth Day every

23、day. Very young children are learning about the environment and taking action to show their love for the Earth. A childs world is the world of playing. They love being outside in the open air, running, sliding and swinging on playground equipment. But children at St. James Childrens School also add

24、to that fun by picking up rubbish in the school. Inside, they learn to save water and electricity. They also recycle and reuse things. And every spring they get the soil ready to plant flowers and vegetables in the school garden. The children at St. James range from six weeks to six years old. The e

25、nvironmental study begins at age two. Rebecca Boker teaches the children the importance of taking care of the Earth. Boker says every day at St. James is Earth Day. She points to books in all the classrooms and in the library. Most contain materials that urge children to do something to help the env

26、ironment and protect the Earth. St. Jamess children observe the growth of plants from seeds to sprouts (苗; 芽) in cups kept in the classroom. Then they watch the plants continue to grow after placing them in the garden. The students also observe the lifecycle of some insects. After that, they know it

27、 is their job to respect their home just like they want others to respect theirs. But do these very young children really get the message that their teachers try to communicate? Ms Boker says yes. On April 22 the kids at St. James will go out to the schools garden for the yearly clean-up. But for th

28、em, Earth Day will continue for the school days ahead as well. 1. When will the children start the environmental study? A. At the age of six weeks. B. At two years old. C. At the age of six. D. At the age of seven. 2. Whats the purpose of observing the growth of plants and insects in the classroom?

29、A. To teach the importance of respecting the Earth. B. To help the children write better compositions. C. To enrich the childrens knowledge in agriculture. D. To make the children enjoy the growth of life. 3. Which might be the best title for the passage? A. Earth Days at St. James Childrens SchoolB

30、. How to Celebrate Earth DayC. How to Protect the EnvironmentD. Young Childrens Love and Respect for the Earth答案与解析：【语篇概述】本文主要介绍了一所叫圣詹姆斯的儿童学校, 这所学校每天让孩子了解有关环境的知识以及采取行动让孩子尊重地球, 在这里每一天都是地球日。1. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The environmental study begins at age two. ”可知, 在圣詹姆斯学校的孩子两岁开始学习保护环境。2. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据

31、第四段最后一句“After that, they know it is their job to respect their home just like they want others to respect theirs. ”可知, 通过观察植物和昆虫可以教孩子知道尊重地球的重要性。3. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据第一段中 “But one school in Potomac, Maryland tries to celebrate Earth Day every day. ”以及全文内容可知, 本文主要讲述了在圣詹姆斯儿童学校的每一天都是地球日。. 七选五根据短文内容, 从短文后的选

32、项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。Its important to learn how we can protect the environment. Here are 5R rules for us. Reduce. If you want to reduce waste, you should use things more wisely. 1 If everyone uses paper carelessly, soon we would not have any trees left. Other things are also being wasted, an

33、d people dont know what to do with the waste in big cities. So it is necessary to reduce the amount of waste we produce. Reuse. You should always think of reusing things before throwing them out. For example, 2In a family, you may pass on such clothes to younger brothers or sisters. Recycle. Bottles

34、, cans and paper can easily be recycled. By doing so, we can save lots of time and money. For example, 3The metal can be used to make new Coke cans. Recover. 4You have two choices: one is to throw the apples away, the second is to throw the rotten ones and keep the good ones. In this way, you are re

35、covering the eatable parts of food. Repair. If one of the legs of your table is broken, you should repair it. If you want to buy something newer and better, it is better for you to sell the old table, or 5 Learn the rules to protect our environment. Lets try our best to make the earth cleaner and mo

36、re beautiful. A. give the clothes you do not use or the ones which are too small to the poor. B. Coke cans are sent to a factory, where they are smashed flat and melted. C. A large number of trees are being cut down to make paper. D. Trees are planted every year. E. give it to people who can use it

37、after repairing it. F. dont throw it away if you can use it. G. When you buy a box of apples, there may be a few rotten ones. 答案与解析：【语篇概述】本文讲述了保护环境的5R规则。1. 【解析】选C。根据下文we would not have any trees left. 可知此处是指现在有大量的树正在被砍伐。2. 【解析】选A。小标题Reuse意为“重复使用”。A项“把不穿的衣服或太小不能穿的衣服送给贫困的人穿。”符合此意。3. 【解析】选B。根据下一句The me

38、tal can be used to make new Coke cans. 可知此处是指把可乐瓶送回到工厂进行粉碎融化, 符合本段Recycle的主旨大意。4. 【解析】选G。根据下文You have two choices: one is to throw the apples away, the second is to throw the rotten ones and keep the good ones. 可知此处用G项来承接下句。意思是“买了一箱苹果, 里面有几个烂苹果”。5. 【解析】选E。根据本段段意“东西坏了, 应该修理; 修理好之后要么卖了, 要么送给别人。”可知E项符合

39、段意。.语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Do you ever stop and think about this big, beautiful world we live in? Its home 1. _so many people and animals. We all live in this amazing place, so we all have the 2. _ (responsible) to take care of it, too. A long time ago, I started thinking about what I

40、could do to help take care of the planet. I wondered 3. _ I could use my talents for good. I love creating websites and making art and designing clothes. Thats what 4. _ (inspire) me, at age 8, to start an online company. I donated part of my profits to organizations 5. _(try) their best to save our

41、 environment. After I launched my business, I started getting 6. _(invite) to give presentations to young people about my company and the environment. I also talk about something else that 7. _(be) meaningful. One thing Ive learned is that a lot of people feel like 8. _ small contribution to any cau

42、se is just a drop in the bucket and wont make a difference. But thats not true! 9. _ (actual) when it comes to saving our environment, every small action counts. The 10. _ (tiny) thing is better than the greatest intention. 答案与解析：【语篇概述】保护环境, 从我做起; 拯救地球, 从小做起。作者8岁时创立网络公司, 把一部分利润捐给热衷环保的组织。最小的行动胜过最大的打算

43、。 1. 【解析】to。考查固定搭配。be home to意为“是的栖息地, 是的家园”。 2. 【解析】responsibility。考查词性转换。根据空前的定冠词the可知此处应填一个名词, responsibility意为“责任, 职责”。 3. 【解析】how。考查关系副词。分析句子结构可知, 空处引导的从句作wondered的宾语, 且表示方式, 所以用how引导该从句。句意: 我想知道我如何能把我的才能发挥好。 4. 【解析】inspired。考查动词时态。 根据空后的时间状语“at age 8”可知, 此处描述的是过去发生的事情, 应用一般过去时。 5. 【解析】trying。考

44、查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, organizations与try之间是逻辑上的主谓关系, 故此处应用现在分词形式作后置定语。 6. 【解析】invited。考查非谓语动词。此处是get done“被”的结构, 故用过去分词。 7. 【解析】is。考查主谓一致。that引导定语从句并在从句中作主语, 指代something else, 所以从句谓语动词用单数形式。此外, 这里表示客观的情况, 应用一般现在时。 8. 【解析】a。考查冠词。contribution是可数名词。此处用不定冠词表示泛指。 9. 【解析】Actually。考查副词。空格处作状语修饰整个句子, 所以用副词。Actually意为“事实上”。 10. 【解析】tiniest。考查形容词最高级。根据空前的The可知此处填tiny的最高级与下文的the greatest形成比较。