Unit 4 知识讲解--2022-2023学年度八年级英语下册基础知识专项讲练（人教版）1.docx

1、Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents？（知识讲解）allow，动词，意为“允许，准许”【知识详解 】allow，动词，意为“允许，准许”。(1) allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事。被动式:be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事。(2) allow doing sth.允许做某事。【例句】We cannot allow such things. 我们不允许这样的事情。My parents dont allow me to hang out with my friends on school nights.我父母不允

2、许我上学的晚上与朋友闲逛。【经典练】Our parents wont allow us _ in the river alone.Aswim Bto swim Cswimming Dswam【答案】B【详解】句意：我们的父母不允许我们单独去河里游泳。A. swim动词原形；B. to swim动词不定式；C. swimming分词形式；D. swam过去式。Allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事。故答案选B。点睛：接动词不定式作宾语补足语的常见动词：advise. 建议；allow 允许；ask 请(叫)；encourage.鼓励；expect 期望；help. 帮助；invite

3、. 邀请； like 喜欢；need需要；order命令；prefer. 宁愿teach .教；tell 告诉；want. 想；warn. 警告；wish希望等。argue，动词，意为“争吵，争论”【知识详解 】argue，动词，意为“争吵，争论”，其名词形式为argument。（1） argue with sb.与某人争论；（2） argue about sth.为某事而争吵（3）argue with sb. about sth.为某事与某人争辩，相当于have an argument with sb.about sth.。【例句】I argued with my best friend.=

4、I had an argument with my best friend. 我和我最好的朋友吵了一架。They were arguing about which film to go and see. 他们正在争论去看哪部电影。【经典练】他们总是为了小事互相争吵。They often _ _ each other _ small things.【答案】 argue/quarrel with about/over【详解】argue/quarrel with sb about/over sth“与某人因某事争吵”，是固定短语，结合“often”可知，句子应用一般现在时，主语是they，动词用原形

5、，故填argue/quarrel；with；about/over。instead，副词，意为“代替，反而，却” 【知识点详解 】instead，副词，意为“代替，反而，却”。位于句子的开头时，多用逗号与句子的主体部分隔开；位于句子的结尾时不用逗号与句子的主体部分隔开。【例句】He didnt answer. Instead, he asked his father.他没回答，而是问了他的父亲。Ann said nothing. She began to cry instead.安什么都没说，而是哭了起来。【辨析】instead意为“代替；反而；却”，往往位于句子的开头或句末，侧重指“取而代之”

6、Instead of意为“代替；而不是”，相当于介词，后接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式，表示前者取代后者，并带有否定后者的含义【经典练】一The young are always busy checking their mobile phones while getting together.一So it is. They should put down phones and have more talks, _.AstillBtooCeitherDinstead【答案】D【详解】句意：年轻人聚在一起总是忙着看手机。确实如此。相反，他们应该放下电话，进行更多的交谈。考查副词辨析。A. st

7、ill仍然，用于句中；B. too也，用于肯定句末；C. either (用于否定句末)也；D. instead相反，多用于句末。should应该，表建议；根据句意语境，可知年轻人应该用谈话代替电话交流，前面三项意思都与句意不合，故选D。offer，动词，意为“主动提出，自愿给予”【知识点详解 】offer，动词，意为“主动提出，自愿给予”。(1) offer to do sth.表示“主动提出做某事”。(2) offer其后可接双宾语，即offer sb. sth.(相当于offer sth. to sb.),意为“自愿把某物给某人”。=provide sb with sth=provide

8、 sth for sb【例句】He offered to lend me some books.他主动借给我几本书。She offers the old man a cup of tea.=She offers a cup of tea to the old man.她给了老人一杯茶。【经典练】-In the past five years, China has played an important role in the Belt and Road.-It has_ many nations a great chance to communicate.AofferedBsupportedC

9、includedDdirected【答案】A【详解】句意：近五年来，中国在“一带一路”中发挥了重要作用。它为许多国家提供了交流的好机会。考查动词辨析题。A. offered提供；B. supported支持；C. included包括；D. directed指导。a great chance to communicate交流的好机会；根据句意语境，可知offer符合句意，故选A。explain，动词，意为“解释，说明”【知识点详解 】explain，动词，意为“解释，说明”。（1） explain sth.解释、说明某事；（2） explain sth. to sb.向某人解释、说明某事；（3

10、） explain+that/what/why从句解释、说明。（4）explain oneself把某人自己的意思表达清楚【例句】He explained his plan at the meeting.他在会上说明了自己的计划。The teacher explained the difficult point of grammar to me.老师给我讲解了语法难点。Can you explain what this means?你能解释一下这个的意思吗?【经典练】她向老板说明了自己的错误原因。She _ the reason for her mistake _ her boss.【答案】

11、explained to【详解】explain.to.“向解释”，为固定短语。再根据句意可知，动作已发生，应用一般过去时，故填explained；to。be afraid of害怕，形容词短语【知识点详解 】be afraid of害怕，形容词短语。afraid形容词，意为“害怕的，恐惧的”。afraid在句中一般作表语，不作定语。be afraid of sb./sth.害怕某人某物；be afraid of doing sth.“害怕做某事”，侧重主语担心、害怕某事发生。【例句】My sister is afraid of the dog.我姐姐害怕这条狗。Mr. Lin was afra

12、id of taking a plane.林先生害怕坐飞机。【拓展】(1) be afraid to do sth.意为“不敢或害怕做某事”，侧重主语由于害怕而不敢做某事。Yang Li is afraid to speak aloud in public.杨丽害怕在众人面前大声说话。(2)“be afraid+that从句”意为“恐怕”，多用于客气地提出个人意见或看法。Im afraid I cant help you.恐怕我帮不了你。【经典练】我从来不害怕狗，但是我害怕蛇。Im never _ _ dogs, but I _ _ _ snakes.【答案】 afraid of am afr

13、aid of【详解】be afraid of“害怕”，是固定短语，句子主语是I，be动词用am，故填afraid；of；am；afraid；of。compete，动词，意为“竞争，对抗”【知识点详解 】compete，动词，意为“竞争，对抗”。 competitor竞争者（名词） competition竞争（名词）(1) compete with sb.与某人竞争。(2) compete against sb. for sth.为得到某物与某人竞争。【例句】Nowadays many children have to compete with their classmates at schoo

14、l.当今许多孩子在学校不得不和同学竞争。He competed against his best friend for the first prize.他和他最好的朋友竞争一等奖。【经典练】昨天三班和四班展开了竞争。Class 3 _ _ Class 4 yesterday.【答案】competed with【详解】compete with“与竞争”，是固定短语，结合“yesterday”可知，句子应用一般过去时，此处动词用过去式，故填competed；with。continue，动词，意为“持续，继续存在”【知识点详解 】continue，动词，意为“持续，继续存在”。(1) continu

15、e可以作不及物动词，有“持续，继续做某事”的含义，相当于go on。(2) continue还可以作及物动词，后跟名词、代词、不定式、动名词等。【例句】The wind continued all the afternoon.大风刮了整整一下午。He continued to play soccer after running.他跑步后接着踢足球。【经典练】这个年轻人丧父后继续学业。The young man _ _ _ after his father died.【答案】 continued his/to study【详解】continue“继续”，是动词，结合“died”可知，此处的动词用

16、过去式continued；study“学习，学业”，可作名词，也可作动词，continue后可接名词作宾语，也可以用不定式形式，故填continued；his/to；study。compare，动词，意为“比较”【知识点详解 】compare，动词，意为“比较”。【例句】He never compares himself with others.他从不把自己和别人相比较。We often compare teachers to gardeners.我们常把老师比作园丁。【辨析】compare.with.意为“把和比较”，强调同类相比compare.to.意为“把和比较”，强调异类相比。表示“把

17、比作”时只能用“compareto”【经典练】If you always_yourself with others, you may have tons of pressure.I agree. We should believe in ourselves.AcompareBcomplainCconnectDconsider【答案】A【详解】句意：如果你总是和别人比，你可能会有很大的压力。我同意，我们应该相信我们自己。考查动词辨析。compare比较；complain抱怨；connect连接；consider考虑。根据题干“you may have tons of pressure”以及“We

18、 should believe in ourselves”我们会有很多压力以及应该相信自己，可知应说是把自己和别人比较的情况。故选A。cause，动词，意为“造成，引起”【知识详解 】cause，动词，意为“造成，引起”。cause sb. to do sth.意为“导致某人做某事”。cause sb. trouble给某人带来麻烦；cause sth. for sb.为某人造成某种问题。【例句】That news caused him to change his mind.那个消息使他改变了主意。【经典练】Its said that drinking coffee _ cancer. Do

19、I have to give it up?Relax! Not everything on Wechat is true. In fact, a coffee a day keeps the doctor away.AcausesBhas causedCcausedDhad caused【答案】A【详解】句意：据说喝咖啡会致癌。我必须放弃喝咖啡吗？放松些！并不是所有微信上的东西都是真实的。事实上，一天喝一杯咖啡不会生病看医生。drinking coffee作从句的主语，喝咖啡会致癌只是微信中别人的一种说法，时态用一般现在时来描述，故答案为A。turn down“调低，关小”【知识详解】turn

20、 down“调低，关小”。turn down动副短语，后跟名词作宾语时，宾语置于副词前后均可；后跟代词作宾语时，代词置于动副之间。【例句】My son is sleeping. Would you mind turning down the radio?我儿子在睡觉，请你把收音机声音调小点好吗?【拓展】turn构成的短语turn up调高，开大turn on 打开(电源、煤气等)turn off关闭【经典练】 Sally, its already 10:00 p.m. Its time for you to go to bed. OK, Dad. Ill turn _ the TV right

21、 now.AonBdownCoff【答案】C【详解】句意：萨丽，已经晚上十点了。到睡觉的时间了。好的，爸爸，我马上关掉电视。考查副词用法辨析。turn on打开（电器）；turn down调低（音量）；turn off关闭（电器类）。根据“Sally, its already 10:00 p.m. Its time for you to go to bed.”可知，爸爸此时在催萨丽睡觉，所以她应该是关掉电视，故选C。push，动词，意为“鞭策，督促，推动”【知识详解 】push，动词，意为“鞭策，督促，推动”。push sb. to do sth.督促某人做某事。【例句】If you alwa

22、ys push him too hard, he may make mistakes.要是你老是逼他太紧，他可能会出错。We always have to push him to do his homework.我们总是不得不督促他做作业。【拓展】push away推开，拒绝push on继续前行push ones way挤着前进push through使通过，使得到批准【经典练】别太逼他给你答复。Dont _ him _ for a reply.【答案】 push hard【详解】根据语境可知，是表示劝告的句子，为祈使句，且Dont后接动词原形，push sb. hard表示“逼迫某人”，p

23、ush“推”，动词，hard“猛烈地”，副词，修饰前面的动词。故填push；hard。get on with和睦相处，关系良好【知识点详解】get on with和睦相处，关系良好。get on with sb.也可用get along with sb.表达。表达“相处得如何”，可以在with前加well(好)或badly(差)等修饰词，即get along/on well/badly with sb.。【例句】Mrs. Smith gets on well with her neighbors.史密斯太太和她邻居关系很好。He cant get along with his classmat

24、es.他和同学们合不来。【拓展】get on with sth.开始(或继续)做某事，进展。How are you getting on with your work?你的工作进展如何?【经典练】鲍勃很友好，能与同学们和睦相处。Bob is friendly and he can _ _ _ _ his classmates.【答案】 get on well with【详解】get on well with sb.“和某人相处的好”，是固定短语，can是情态动词，后接动词原形，故填get；on；well；with。return 动词 归还 返回【知识点详解】、return sb sth=ret

25、urn sth to sb =give sth back to sb把某物还给某人、return to+地点= get back to+地点：返回某地 、return home回家 return here回这 return there回那里 例1：My cousin borrows my things without returning them. 我表弟借我东西不还(注意：without doing sth不干某事儿)例2：I returned the book to him=I returned him the book =I gave the book back to him. =I gave back the book to him.我把书还给了他。