Unit1（GrammarA.docx

1、9AUnit1-GrammarA并列连词and/but/or/so的用法。一、and、or、 but、 so 的基本用法：and: 表并列关系：“和、并且、又”；（and 在否定句中改为or）。We useand” to join ideas that are similar. e.g.：Daniel is modest and never shows off.I am active and energetic，and I love working with people. 用于祈使句，表结果，and 通常是比较好的结果。e.g.：Try your best，and youll make mo

2、re progress. but: 表转折关系：“但是”；（不能和(al)though同时使用）。(al)though用于表示原因的句子前，but用于表示结果的句子前。We usebut to join ideas that are different. Attention: We can never use but and (al)though together. e.g.： Although/Though I have passed the exam, I am not pleased with the result. =I have passed the exam, but I am n

3、ot pleased with the result. He doesnt like to talk much, but his work shouts.= Although/Though he doesnt like to talk much, his work shouts.or: 表选择关系：“或者”；We use or to introduce another possibility. e.g.：I can be a good teacher or a good doctor.Which do you like better, apples or pears?表并列关系：“和、并且、又

4、”；在否定句中or表并列关系。 In negetive sentences (在否定句中)，we use or to join two or more ideas. e.g.： He does not like singing or dancing. 用于祈使句，表结果，or通常表示不愉快或不理想的结果：“否则，要不然(=otherwise)”。“Or” has another meaning, it can also mean “otherwise(否则)”. e.g.： Get up quickly, or youll be late. Study hard, or you wont pa

5、ss the exam.Dont lose heart, or youll lose all. so: 表因果关系：“因此、所以”；（不能和because同时用）。because用于表示原因的句子前，so用于表示结果的句子前。We use so to express the result of sth. Attention: We can never use so and because together. e.g.：I want to share the best art with people, so I am always searching for something better o

6、r different. It began to rain, so we went home.=Because it began to rain, we went home.二、and、or、 but、 so 的特殊用法：一、）同义句改写： Study hard, and you can get good grades. =If you study hard, you can get good grades. =If you dont study hard, you cannot get good grades. Get up quickly, or youll be late.=If you

7、 get up quickly, youll not be late. =If you dont get up quickly, youll be late. 二、）and连接主语时，谓语动词要灵活运用。1.Bread and butter is his favourite food. Bread and butter看作整体主语，谓语动词用单数。类似的还有knife and fork; lightning and thunder;the bow and arrow等。2.The chairman and host of the meeting comes from/ is from the

8、USA. （会议主席兼主持人是一个人。） The chairman and the host of the meeting come from/ are from the USA. （会议主席和主持人是不同的两个人。）3.Every boy and every girl is fond of the film. 三、）“so + be 动词/情态动词/助动词+主语” （某人也是）。 表示前一句中主语的肯定情况也适用于后者，在时态上应和前一句保持一致，但两句的主语应是不同的两人。例如：. “ He is a Chinese.” “ So am I.” “Tom can dance.” “ So

9、can Mary.” “Mother will go to Beijing.” “So will I.” I have been to America. So has Li Lei. She likes English. So do they. Lily played basket yesterday. So did Lucy.小小诊所： so前面的句子都是肯定句。若前面的句子是否定句,那就不能用so引导这个句子了,而应该用“Neither/Nor + be 动词/情态动词/助动词+主语”(某人也不）。“Neither/Nor + be 动词/情态动词/助动词+主语” (某人也不）表示前一句中

10、主语的否定情况也适用于后者，前后两句的主语是不同的。 “ He isnt a Chinese.” “ Neither am I.”“Tom cant dance.” “Neither can Mary.”“Mother wont go to Beijing.” “Neither will I.” I havent been to America. Neither has Li Lei.She doesnt like English. Neither do they. - Lily didnt play basketball yesterday. - Neither did Lucy. “I d

11、ont like playing with that girl.” “Neither does he.”“so +主语+ be 动词/情态动词/助动词”（的确如此）。当两句中的主语是同一人时，译成“的确如此”，句序不用倒装。 -Its a bad day today. -So it is. -John studies English well. -So he does.四、 ）A or B 和 not A but B 结构作主语时，谓语动词要使用就近原则。 1. He or the twins come from the USA. 2. Not Tom but I am going to gi

12、ve the talk. 巩固练习Exercises-单项选择： ( )1. Mary likes music_Tom is found of sports. A. and B. but C. both A and B ( )2. I failed again, _ I wont give up. A. and B. but C. so ( )3. This is my first lesson, _ I dont know your names. A. and B. but C. so ( )4. Now we have no time _ money. A. so B. and C. or

13、 ( )5. Its getting warmer _ warmer. A. and B. but C. or ( )6.- I used to go out for a walk after supper. - _. A.So do I B. So did I C. Neither did I D.So I did ( )7. -She has a nice watch. -_. A.So has she B. So she has C.So does she D.So she does ( )8.-Mary wasnt invited yesterday. -_. A.So was I B

14、. Neither was I C.So did I D. Neither did I ( )9.-Ann has made great progress recently. -_ and_. A. So has she;so have you B. So has she;so you have C. So she has;so you have D. So she has;so have you()10. Always believe that smile at the world, _ the world will smile back at you.A. and B. or C. as

15、D. though()11. The flight was delayed by the storm, _ the passengers had to wait at the airport.A. but B. or C. so D. for()12. Look at the sign, please. You can park your car on _ side of the street.A. both B. other C. eitherD. all9AUnit1-GrammarB并列连词both . and ., not only . but (also) ., either . o

16、r . neither . nor .的用法。both . and .、not only . but (also) .、either . or . 和neither . nor .都是常见的并列连词，它们可以连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语等。一、both . and ., not only . but (also) ., either . or . neither . nor .的基本用法。both . and .意思是“.和.两者都；既.又.”。Ididallthisbothforyouandformyself.（连接两个并列的状语）Both Li Ping and Wu Fan

17、g are League members.（连接两个并列的主语） not only . but (also) .意思是“不但.而且.；不仅.还有.”，其中also可以省略。We must not only understand the text but also learn it by heart.（连接两个并列的谓语）注意：当not only . but (also) .连接两个名词作主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就是我们通常说的“就近原则”。Not only the students but (also) Mr Li has lunch at school.（

18、连接两个并列的主语）either . or .意思是“要么.要么.；或者.或者.；不是.就是.”，用于连接两个表示选择关系的词。You may sit either this end or that end of the boat.注意：当either . or .连接两个主语时，应遵循“就近原则”。Either you or I am going there tomorrow.neither . nor .意思是“既不.也不.”，具有否定含义。Neither Leo nor Cindy got the highest score. It was Daisy.注意：当neither . nor

19、 .连接两个主语时，也应遵循“就近原则”。Neither Dad nor Mum is at home today.总结：1、not onlybut (also) “不但.而且.； eitheror “要么.要么.;不是.就是.” neithernor “既不.也不.”连接两个并列的主语时谓语动词使用就近一致的原则。2、否定句中too改为either。3、Neither可用于倒装句中。Add: 使用谓语动词“就近原则”的短语还有：AorB: He or the twins come from the USA.The twins or he comes from the USA.not-but-

20、Not Lucy but her parents are searching for something better or different.Not her parents but Lucy is searching for something better or different.知识拓展bothBoth可作形容词、代词或副词用，意思是“两个”、“双方”、“两个都”。在句中可作主语、宾语或同位语。如：Both are right.(主语) I like both.(宾语) Both pencils are mine.(同位语）一、Both和both of后都可接复数名词，构成名词词组。

21、 1、Both后的名词前可有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词作修饰限定，也可没有；both of后的名词前却一定要有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词作修饰限定。如：both(the these，her) children both of the(these，her)children；both of children2、Both of后可接人称代词宾格，both后则不可；但人称代词宾格后可接both。both of us(you，them) both us(you，them) us(you，them)both二、 Both在句中的位置。1、Both与动词连用时，大多数放在系动词be之后，行为动词之前。 Hi

22、s parents are both workers. They both enjoy reading.2、若句中谓语动词包含情态动词或助动词时，both大多放在第一个情态动词或助动词之后，行为动词之前。如： The bridges must both be built this year. Kate and Mary have both gone to England.三、Both可与and构成并列连词，连接两个性质相同并在句中作相同成分的并行结构。Both he and his brother are good at English.(连接两个主语)She can both dance a

23、nd sing.她能歌善舞。(连接两个谓语动词)Mary is both kind and beautiful.玛丽既友善又漂亮。(连接两个表语)四、含both的句子变为否定句的情况。1、变为否定时，将both改为neither，变成完全否定。如：Both of the boys are clever.两个男孩都聪明。Both of the boys are not clever.不完全否定。并不是两个男孩都聪明(一个聪明一个愚笨)。Neither of the boys are clever.两个男孩都不聪明。I dont know both his teachers.他的两位老师我并非都认

24、识。（半否定）I know neither his teachers.他的老师我都不认识。（全否定）2、含bothand的句子变为否定句时，将bothand改为neithernor.，连接的两个部分若是名词，可以是单数，也可以是复数。I know both the man and the woman.I know neither the man nor the woman. Both beats and birds would have the bat as their friend.Neither beats nor birds would have the bat as their fri

25、end.eithereither : 指两者中的任意一个。如：either side of the street/road=both sides of the street/roadEither of the films is good.Either you or he has lunch at school. 其一般疑问句应为：Do either you or he have lunch at school? 是你还是他在学校吃午饭？巩固练习Exercises:一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Neither Dad nor Mum _(be) at home today.2. Eithe

26、r you or I _(be) going there tomorrow.3. Either I or you _(be) going there tomorrow.4. Not only the students but also Mr. Li _(have) lunch at school.5. Not only Mr. Li but also the students _(have) lunch at school.6.I dont like the job. -N_ do I.7.Im not willing to work for extra hours. -Me, e_. 8.B

27、oth my brothers _ in Italy. ( lives/ live)9.Neither of his parents _ butter and cheese. (likes/ like)10.Neither John nor Mary _ at home. ( was/were)11.Both Peter and Mike often _ football match but neither of them_ football very well. (watches/watch) (plays/play)12.Either you or I _ going to cook su

28、pper tonight. (are/am)13.Either my father or my mother _ dinner. Both my brother and I _ them on weekends. (cooks/cook) (helps/help)14.All the people in my family _the housework. (does/do)15.Not only the players but also the coach _(want) to play football in the World Cup.二、单项选择()1. _ Anna _ her bro

29、ther like listening to soft music.A. Both; and B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Not only; but also()2. (2019曲靖)John is good at doing sports. He _ climbs mountains _ plays soccer at 8：00 every Sunday morning.A. neither; nor B. either; or C. not only; but also D. both; and ()3. (2019南通) Whats the weat

30、her like in Kunming, Lucy?Its _ hot _ cold. So Kunming is called“the Spring City”A. neither; nor B. not only; but also C. either; or D. both; and()4. (2019临沂)A break between classes is a good time for students to play sports and talk with their classmates. So it _ helps with students health, _ impro

31、ves their social skills. A. either; or B. neither; nor C. not only; but also D. neither; or()5. Your father has passed the driving test?Yes. _my father _my mother has.A. Not only; but also B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Both; and()6. Why dont you get used to the life in Beijing?_the crowded traffi

32、c_the high living cost. The only reason is the badly-polluted air.A. Not only; but also B. Either; or C. Both; and D. Neither; nor()7. (2019扬州) Do you think David and Lisa can be good accountants?Accountants should be careful enough. _David _ Lisa is suitable, Im afraid.A. Either; or B. Neither; nor

33、 C. Both; and D. Not only; but also()8.Neither his parents nor he _ he can take the lead in the competition.A. thinksB. think C. thinkingD. to think()9.We respect the general manager because he is _ helpful _ warm hearted. A.either; or B. neither; nor C. both; andD. not; but()10.- My parents are crazy about Running Man. How about your parents? -_ my dad _ my mum likes it. Instead, they prefer The Voice of China.A. Neither; norB. Either; or C. Not only; butD. Both; and