Unit7GrammarA.docx

1、9AUnit7GrammarA&B&C（让步状语从句+结果状语从句+目的状语从句）英语中按句子的结构可分三种：简单句 (simple sentence)；并列句 (compound sentence)和复合句 (complex sentence)。简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.并列句

2、：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（;）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。复合句：主句+从句（含有一个或一个以上从句）。主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。中学生英文写作中经常使用的从句有：宾语从句

3、, 状语从句和定语从句。今天，我们就来看看状语从句（Adverbial Clauses）。状语是句子的重要修饰成分，一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。从情况、时间、处所、方式、条件、对象、肯定、否定、范围和程度等方面对谓语中心词进行修饰或限制，用来说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等，其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。在复合句中作状语的句子叫状语从句。状语从句在主从复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词，按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、行为方式、比较、让步等九种状语从句。一般位于句首或者句末

4、，位于句首，用逗号和主句隔开。现在，我们一起来学习让步、结果和目的状语从句。Unit7GrammarA-Using“although/though” to introduce Adverbial clause of concession. (although和though引导的让步状语从句）一、连接词-引导让步状语从句的连词。让步状语从句通常由though, although, as (虽然尽管), even if, even though,in spite of, the fact that , However, wh-ever（whenever, wherever, whoever, wh

5、ichever等）, no matter-wh（no matter how, no matter when等）, whether等词或短语引导。 如：1)Though he is old, yet he is active.2) Although most of the people agreed, some were not willing to accepted.3) Proud as the nobles are, he is afraid to see me.4)We wouldnt lose heart even if we should fail ten times.5) When

6、ever (=no matter when) you call on me, you are always welcome.6) Wherever (no matter where) you work, you can always find time to study.7) Take the one you like best, whichever (no matter which) it is.8) No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks Im wrong.9) Whether he comes or not, well

7、 discuss the problem this afternoon.10) Whatever he says , dont believe him.11) No matter who comes, he is welcome.12)Whether sick or well, shes always happy.(whether引导状语从句和or 连用。)二、Using although&though. 1、although和though用作连词，都有“尽管；虽然”之意，都可以引导让步状语从句。从句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有时还可以插在主句中间，前置时，强调主句内容，后置时强调从句内容。

8、如：The article is very important, though it is very short.He failed again, though he had tried his best.Though I like acting, Id rather be a director.Although he was a great player at university, the NBA was not interested in him.2、英语中，though和although均不能与but同时使用。如：Although it is raining, the policema

9、n is still working on the street.=It is raining, but the policeman is still working on the street.My cousin is very young, but she can help with the housework.=My cousin can help with the housework, though she is very young.三、though和although的具体区别用法如下：1. 用作连词，两者大致同义，可换用，只是although比though更为正式。 Althoug

10、h (或Though) it was cold, he didnt make a fire.虽然天气很冷，他也没生火。2. 在as though (好像、仿佛)，even though (即使、纵然)等短语中不能用although。 He talks as though he knew anything.他夸夸其谈好像无所不知。3. though 引导的让步状语从句可用部分倒装的形式(注意，倒装后位于句首的名词之前不用冠词)，但although一般不这样用。Poor though I am, I can afford it. 我虽穷，但这东西还是买得起的。Child though he was

11、, he did quite well. 他虽是孩子，但干得很好。4. 在although 和though之后均不能用but，但在强调时可用yet, still, nevertheless（然而）等词用来加强语气。如：Though he seems happy, yet he is worried.虽然他看起来很幸福，但他实际上很烦恼。Although he lives alone, yet he is happy. = He lives alone, but he is happy. 他虽然单独生活，但很愉快。 Though ( Although ) he was tired, yet (s

12、till) he went on working.Though he is old, yet he is active.5. as引导让步状语从句倒装，作为从句表语的形容词或者名词位于从句主语之前。此外还有however也要倒装。如：As clever he is, he doesnt study well. You should report any incident, however serious or minor it is.The dress is beautiful. I cant afford it. (改为让步状语从句)Although /Though the dress is

13、 beautiful, I cant afford it.=Beautiful as the dress is, I cant afford it.6. 当让步状语从句的主语与主句一致或为it 或there且谓语动词含be动词时，从句中的主语和谓语可以一起省去。如：Though cold, he still wore a shirt. ( 省it was)Unit7Grammar B-Using“sothat-/suchthat -”to talk about the result.(sothat-和suchthat -引导的结果状语从句)一、连接词-引导结果状语从句的连词。 结果状语从句通常

14、由that, so that, sothat, suchthat，with the result that等词或短语引导。如：The train was so full that I could hardly turn round.It was very cold, with the result that the river froze.It is such a big box .Nobody can move it. (改为结果状语从句)It is such a big box that nobody can move it.=Such a big box is it that nobod

15、y can move it.=It is so big a box that nobody can move it.二、Using “so . that ”& “such . that”。 so that与such that都表示“如此以致于”，用来引导结果状语从句。so是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词，其结构是：so + adj. / adv. + that 从句。such是形容词，只能修饰名词或名词词组。它所修饰的名词既可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。如：The stone is so heavy that nobody could move it.She worked so hard t

16、hat she became rich in a very short time.He made such an excellent speech that every one admired him.It was such bad weather that we had to stay at home. 三、so that和such that的具体区别用法如下：1. so可修饰many, much, few, little等，而such不能。如：We have so little money that we cant afford this house now.2. sothat 和 suc

17、hthat 在一定条件下可以互相换。单数可数名词有修饰的形容词时，so和such 均可用，但不定冠词的位置不同。（即such修饰带有形容词的单数可数名词时，可以用sothat来代替suchthat，这时不定冠词在形容词之后）。如：It is such an interesting film that Id like to see it once again.=It is so interesting a film that Id like to see it once again.Its such a good film that Ive seen it twice.= It is so a

18、good film that Ive seen it twice. 当such修饰不可数名词和复数名词时，不能用sothat来代替suchthat, 但可以用so many, so much, so few, so little（表示数量少）等短语。（即名词前有many, much, few, little（表示数量少）等这些词修饰时，仍用sothat结构。）如：Ive so few chances that I can enjoy myself.There were so many people (=such a lot of people) in the room that we coul

19、d not get in.3. so that 后面的从句为否定句，且从句主语与主句主语相同时，该复合句可与以下结构转换： too + adj. + to do ； not + adj. + enough + to do 如：She is so short that she cant get the book on the shelf. = She is too short to get the book on the shelf. = She isnt tall enough to get the book on the shelf. The boy is so young that he

20、cant join the army.=He is such a young boy that he cant join the army. =He is so young a boy that he cant join the army.=The boy is not old enough to join the army.=The boy is too young to join the army. The book is so expensive that I cant buy it.=It is such an expensive book that I cant buy it.=It

21、 is so expensive a book that I cant buy it.=The book is too expensive for me to buy.=The book is not cheap enough for me to buy.4.若表示强调，可以将so或者such移到句首，主句用部分倒装。如：So badly was he ill that he was taken to the hospital.Such a big box is it that nobody can move it.Unit7Grammar C-Using “so that-” to talk

22、 about the purpose.(so that-引导的目的状语从句)一、连接词-引导目的状语从句的连词。 目的状语从句通常由that, so that, in order that, sothat, in case（以防、免得），for fear that(以防，以免)等引导。如：He got up early in order that he could catch the early bus.She married him so that she might tend and comfort him.I explained again in case he should misun

23、derstand me.He studied hard so that he might succeed.Take your rain coat in case it rains.Be quiet in case you (should) wake the baby.二、Using “so that ”。1、so that引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便；为了”，从句中常含有情态动词can, may, will, could, might, would, should或助动词等。此时可用in order that替换。如：I have bought a lot if DVDs so that(i

24、n order that) I can learn more about Chinese kung fu.I have many pictures of him in my room so that(in order that) I can see him whenever I want.2、当目的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，目的状语从句可用表示目的的不定式短语in order to替换。in order to引导的句子为简单句。如：I spend more time learning English every day so that I can make greater progre

25、ss this year. = I spend more time learning English every day in order to make greater progress this year.为了今年取得更大进步，我每天用了更多的时间学英语。3、so that表示目的还是表示结果？有时看逗号。结果从句多用逗号隔开。We arrived early so that we could get good seats.（目的状语从句）We arrived early, so that we got good seats.（结果状语从句）巩固练习：一、单项选择。()1. It will

26、 be _bad weather that we cant go climbing tomorrow.Thats too bad.A. such a B. such C. so a D. so ()2. (2019宿迁)Santaishan Forest Park is _ beautiful that it has become a hot tourist attraction.A. so B. very C. such D. quite()3. (2019连云港)_we didnt win the basketball game, we were satisfied with our ha

27、rd work. A. If B. Though C.Since D. Because()4. _ little sheep they are! But they are _ lovely!A. What; so B. What; such C. How; so D. How; such ()5. Childrens Day is coming. Look！_ many children are practising dancing in _ hot weather carefully for the performance.A. Such; such B. So; such C. So; s

28、o D. Such; so()6. What a mess! The shared bikes are thrown everywhere. Lets collect and put them in the right place _ they can be used conveniently.A. unless B. so that C. because D. so long as()7. How is everything going on with you?Quite well. Not so smoothly as I hope, _.A. though B. instead C. e

29、ither D. since()8. (2019无锡锡山区东亭片一模)Ted, how did you make Fathers Day special for your father?Oh, we had _ and made a crown that I expressed my love for him.A. such interesting picnic B. so interesting a picnicC. so an interesting picnic D. such interesting a picnic()9. Mike is always forgetful. Plea

30、se remember to remind him _ the important interview _ he wont miss it.A. of; so that B. about; in order to C. of; because D. about; because of()10. (2019湘西)Xiao Lin, this desk is _ heavy _ I cant move it.Dont worry. Ill help you.A. such; that B. too; to C. so; that D. enough; to()11. (2019泰州)I misse

31、d the film The Wandering Earth.What a pity! It is _ meaningful film that it is really worth seeing.A. such a B. so C. such D. so a()12. The old man asked the girl to take another seat _ he could sit next to his wife.A. as a result B. so that C. by the way D. such that()13. It is difficult to find _

32、girl among _ people in the supermarket.A. such little; so many B. so a little; so muchC. such a little; so many D. so little; so much()14._fine day it is today! Yes, the sunshine is_ beautiful that Id like to go swimming in the sea. A. How, such B. What a, very C. How, so D. What a, so ()15. The cam

33、era is _expensive_ I cant afford it. A. so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D. enough, that二、改写同义句。1.You took a pill before you got on a ship，but you got seasick. = _you took a pill before you got on a ship，you got seasick.2.I wear glasses so that I can see it more clearly.=I wear glasses _ _ _ see

34、it more clearly.3.You have enough time but you wont be able to visit all places of interest.= _you have enough time, you wont be able to visit all places of interest. 4. The box is too heavy for us to carry.=The box is _ _ _for us to carry.=The box is_ _ _ we cant carry it.=Its _ _ _ box that we cant carry it.=Its _ _ _ box that we cant carry it.