【考前技能篇6】短文改错的解题技巧.docx

1、【考前技能篇6】短文改错的解题技巧一、 思维导图二、解题点拨考点1 名词和冠词例12021全国卷乙I love doing housework.I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals.考场思维：(1)语境含义：我喜欢做家务活。饭后， 我总是帮助父母洗碗。(2)根据语法知识分析：名词单复数误用。短语do the dishes意为“洗碗”。例22020全国卷Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.考场思维：(1)语境含义：幸运的是，两周后我就要回家过

2、暑假了。(2)根据语法知识分析：summer vacation“暑假”，是单数概念。例1答案：dishdishes例2答案：vacationsvacation【过关检测】12021吉林市第四次调研Any creative ideas which is about school life is warmly welcomed._22020全国卷My mom is really concerned with the health of everyone in our families. _32019全国卷I will open more.I wish to have a chain of cafe

3、s in many different city._42018全国卷When I was little，Fridays night was our family game night._52020全国卷For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I have to eat an apple._62019全国卷Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style._72017全国卷They live far from

4、the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day._82021江西省质量监测Only by tasting failure can we enjoy fruit of success._1ideasidea 2.familiesfamily3citycities 4.FridaysFriday5thea 6.ana7第一个aan/one 8.enjoy后加the【技法点金】1理清单复数使用情况(1)单个名词和不可数的名词要用单数。(2)多个可数的名词要用复数。2牢记雷打不动的十大不可数名词a

5、dvice，news，information，progress，work，fun，weather，music，health，luck。3三类位置后常用名词(1)冠词后常用名词。(2)介词后常用名词。(3)形容词性物主代词后常用名词。4关注冠词的考查重点(1)a和an，表达数量或者泛指任何一个。a用于辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的词前。(2)若对于某个名词有明指或暗示的情况，前面要加the。(3)若某名词是复数、专有名词或抽象名词、物质名词(没有固定性状)，前面不适合加冠词，应把该位置空下来，形成“零冠词”。(4)固定搭配中的冠词需要牢记。考点2 介词

6、和数词例12021全国卷乙In my opinion，students can benefit a lot doing some housework.考场思维：(1)语境含义：在我看来，学生做一些家务可以受益很多。 (2)考查介词的缺失。benefit from/ by doing sth. 为固定搭配， 意为“得益于(做)某事”。例22020全国卷Im glad to know that youve come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown.考场思维：(1)语境含义：我很高兴知道你已经来到中国， 在我家乡的一所学校学习功夫。

7、(2)搭配识记：come to地点名词，表示“来到某地”。例1答案：benefit后加from/ by例2答案：come后加to【过关检测】12021吉林市第四次调研You can also choose to make changes in famous dramas to enter into the competition._22021新乡市第三次模拟There I found many people waiting their orders to be checked out._32019全国卷When I studied chemistry high school，I reconsi

8、dered my goal and decided to be a doctor._42018全国卷They would say to me that playing card games would help my brain.Still I was unwilling to play the game for them sometimes._52021太原一模After graduating from high school，Im going to be a computer programmer，which I think is on great demand in the modern

9、 world._62021吉林市第三次调研Without hesitation，I，under the help of Tom and Mary，carried her on my back to the clinic._72021河北省邯郸市高三第二次模拟I remember clearly that when I was on my eighteen birthday, my father gave me a presenta picture book._82021赣州市模拟In order to celebrate the eighty anniversary of the foundi

10、ng of our school, a big celebration was held in our school last Sunday._1去掉into 2.waiting后加for3在high前面加in/at 4.forwith5onin 6.underwith7eighteeneighteenth 8.eightyeightieth【技法点金】1关注介词遗漏不及物动词后需要加介词才能加宾语。作定语的不定式中动词如果是不及物动词，或不定式修饰的名词和代词是不定式动词的地点、工具等，不定式后要有相应的介词。2明辨介词多余及物动词后无需加介词再加宾语。this/that/these/tho

11、se/last/next/a/every/each等词构成的时间短语，前面不用任何介词。3牢记相似介词的区别in, on, at的区别：表示时间时，in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后)，on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等，at表示具体的时刻。4识别序数词与基数词的混用和错用“只描述数量多少的”用基数词；“强调顺序性，作第几”讲的时候用序数词。5注意年龄、年代的表达法表达“在某人几十岁时”用“in ones逢十的基数词复数”；表达“在几十年代”时，用“in the逢十的基数词复数”。考点3 谓语动词误用例12021全国卷乙Also，it gives our paren

12、ts more time to do what they are like and it improves the family relationship.考场思维：(1)语境含义：此外，这给了父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情，这改善了家庭关系。(2)谓语动词的误用。分析句子结构可知， what引导宾语从句， 句中的like作动词， 意为“喜欢”，故are多余。例22020全国卷Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, but I have long been out of practice.考场思维：(1)语

13、境含义：实际上，我从七岁就开始学功夫了，但我已经很长时间没练习了。(2)根据分析可知，本句考查谓语动词时态错误。由“when I was seven years old”可确定该句谓语动词应该为一般过去时态。例1答案：去掉are例2答案：startstarted【过关检测】12021黑龙江省大庆市5月联考John went shopping in a store, but he forgot to bring a bag. So he buys a shopping bag._22021黑龙江省大庆市5月联考However, one day, I forget to wear one when

14、 I was heading for a vital exam._32021黑龙江省大庆市5月联考It not only brings us pleasure but reduce waste around us._42021江西省高三教学质量监测We have both achieved success and suffer from failure, but different students has different attitudes towards failure._52021吉林市第四次调研There is another thing that should be keep i

15、n mind._62021马鞍山第三次监测After getting our tools, we were dividing into different teams._72021吉林市第四次调研An English drama competition would be held in the school art hall next Friday._82021九江市二模Usually, sitting around the table, all members of a family has meals together at meal time._1buysbought 2.forgetf

16、orgot3reducereduces 4.suffersufferedhashave5keepkept 6.dividingdivided7wouldwill 8.hashave【技法点金】1识别时态不一致文章前后是现在式但却用了过去式，或前后都是过去式却用了现在式，导致时态不一致。2判断并列不一致在平行或并列结构中，动词的形式通常是一致的。关键的问题是看and，or等后的动词与前面的哪个动词并列，一定要理解，辨别清楚。3留心语态错误(1)构成被动语态的过去分词写成了一般过去式或现在分词。(2)主动语态中却多了be以及be的变形，变成了被动语态。4注意主谓不一致情况主语是单数形式，谓语却采取

17、复数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语却采取单数形式，导致主谓不一致的情况。5牢记情态动词用法(1)情态动词后一定要接动词原形，但却用了过去或其他形式。(2)情态动词相互间的误用。考点4 非谓语动词形式错误例12021全国卷甲 Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others.考场思维：(1)语境含义：他们的回答也表明他们不喜欢和别人说话。(2)非谓语动词的误用。dislike doing sth.为固定搭配， 意为“不喜欢做某事”。例22020全国卷I tell my mom that if were forced eat things

18、, we may become ill.考场思维：(1)语境含义：我对妈妈说如果我们被强迫吃东西，我们可能会生病。(2)根据固定搭配解题：be forced to do sth.“被迫做某事”。例1答案：talktalking例2答案：eat前加to【过关检测】12021吉林市第四次调研It is rewarding take your time to prepare for the competition._22021江西省重点中学协作体第二次联考Please let me to know when you will be free and I will buy the tickets in

19、 advance._32021南昌二模To solve the problem, I forced myself to reading every paragraph with patience, trying to follow the plot._42021成都七中热身考试They watched him with interest, laughed loudly._52021宿州市质量检测As far as Im concerned, the activity gets us to know about the university and inspiring us to work ha

20、rd._62021焦作市三模When I opened the door, my mother seemed to feel a little embarrassing._72021哈尔滨市第三中学第四次模拟Felt extremely guilty, I really hope you will accept my sincere apology._82021江西省高三教学质量监测They find out the causes so that they will avoid made the same mistake._92021焦作市第四次模拟I had a ticket to a sh

21、ow I couldnt attend any longer. I was trying to sell it, but I was having a hard time find someone who would pay the full price._102021贵州省适应性测试I think work for a newspaper and reporting from all over the world are really exciting._1take前加to 2.去掉know前to3readingread 4.laughedlaughing5inspiringinspires

22、 6.embarrassingembarrassed7FeltFeeling 8.mademaking9findfinding 10.workworking【技法点金】1理清to的两种命题方式多余：感官动词和使役动词(get除外)后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。缺失：有些动词，如want, decide, plan等后应接带to的不定式作宾语。2辨清非谓语动词与谓语动词句中已有谓语动词，且另一动词不作并列谓语，则只能用非谓语动词。3搞清动词ing形式与动词ed形式的区别动词ing形式表主动、进行；动词ed 形式表被动、完成；动词ing形式转化的形容词表示“令人的”，常修饰物；而动词ed形式转

23、化的形容词表示“感到的”，常修饰人。4掌握介词标志介词后一般需要跟名词或动词ing形式。5注意主语或宾语形式主语或宾语常常使用动词ing形式或不定式。6明晰介词to与不定式符号to的用法区别介词to后接名词、代词或数词，构成介词短语；不定式符号to后接动词原形，构成不定式短语。考点5 形容词和副词误用例12021全国卷乙Whats more，doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study.考场思维：(1)语境含义：更重要的是，做家务是一种从学习中精神放松的形式。(2)形容词副词的误用。此处应用形容词mental修饰

24、名词relaxation。例22020全国卷Im surely youll have a good time.考场思维：(1)语境含义：我确信你会玩得很开心。(2)语境分析：系动词be后跟形容词作表语。例1答案：mentallymental例2答案：surelysure【过关检测】12021安徽 “五校联盟”第二次联考When she had finished, she proud put her cake into the oven to cook._22021南昌二模It provides me with knowledge, and convinces me entire that be

25、ing alone is not lonely._32021广西4月模拟Now Ive changed a lot. I have become an energy and positive girl._42021江西省质量监测Whats worse, some even lose heart and no longer study as harder as before._52019全国卷One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doc

26、tor._62021焦作市三模The other day, I went home so lately that my mother couldnt afford to wait me any longer._72021高三“五校联盟”第二次联考About ten minutes late, we smelt something burning._82021马鞍山市第三次质量监测Its a famous park in Maanshan. Therefore, some of its visitors leave garbage behind._1proudproudly 2.entireen

27、tirely3energyenergetic 4.harderhard5去掉more 6.latelylate7latelater 8.ThereforeHowever1明辨词性误用副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，在句中作状语。2理清比较级、最高级的误用原级和比较级混用。比较级和最高级混用。在本身已是比较级形式的基础上误加more。在没有最高级的词前误加most。3关注形近词误用hard意为“刻苦地，猛烈地”，hardly意为“几乎不，几乎没有”；beside意为“在旁边”，besides意为“另外”。4看清重点连接副词误用however主要用于转折或对比，意思是“然而，可是，但是”；therefore主要表示结果，意思是“因此，所以”。