七年级英语 人教版下册下册Unit 3-4的语法归纳.docx

1、七年级英语 人教版下册下册Unit 3-4的语法归纳一、学习目标掌握下册Units 3-4的语法内容。二、重点、难点重点：1. how引导的特殊疑问句；2. 祈使句的用法；3. 情态动词have to, must。难点：祈使句的用法。【语法学习】一、how引导的特殊疑问句【用法1】how引导的特殊疑问句，可用来询问做某事的方式或方法，也可用来询问某人或某物的状况。【用法2】how可与其他词连用，来引导特殊疑问句。 how old 多大，提问年龄。【例句】How old is your sister? 你的妹妹多大了？ how many 多少，提问可数名词的量。【例句】How many bana

2、nas do you want? 你想要多少香蕉? how much 多少，提问不可数名词的量。 多少钱；提问价格。【例句】How much water is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少水？How much is the sweater? 这件毛衣多少钱？ how long 多长时间，提问一段时间。 多长，提问物体的长度。【例句】How long does it take you to get home? 你到家要花费多长时间？How long is the classroom? 这教室多长？ how far 多远，提问距离。【例句】How far is the p

3、ark from here? 公园离这儿多远？【拓展】 how soon 多快。【例句】How soon will he be back? 他多快回来？ how often 多久一次，提问频率。【例句】How often do you go to the movie? 你多久去看一次电影？【考题链接】1. _ is it to the train station? About six kilometers.A. How long B. How far C. How much D. How often答案：B思路分析：根据答语“大约六公里”可知问句询问距离，故排除A, C, D三项。2. _ d

4、o you live here?For about five months.A. How much B. How often C. How long D. How far答案：C思路分析：根据答语“大约五个月”可知问句提问一段时间，故选C项。3. _ are the socks?Theyre 10 yuan.A. How old B. How much C. How soon D. How many答案：B思路分析：根据答语“它们10元”可知问句提问价格，故选B项。对画线部分提问1. I go hiking twice a week._ _ do you go hiking?2. It tak

5、es me 15 minutes to walk to school._ _ _ it _ you to walk to school? 3. Its three miles from my home to school._ _ is it from your home to school?4. I go to school by car._ _ you go to school?5. I sleep nine hours every night._ _ _ do you sleep every night?6. His son is 11 years old._ _ is his son?7

6、. The boy will finish his homework in 2 hours. _ _ will the boy finish his homework?8. I want two glasses of milk._ _ milk do you want?9. I think the book is interesting. _ do you _ the book?10. My skirt is 20 dollars. _ _ is your skirt?答案：1. How often 2. How long does; take 3. How far 4. How do 5.

7、How many hours 6. How old 7. How soon 8. How much 9. How; like 10. How much二、祈使句的用法1. 定义用来表示请求、命令、建议、号召、警告等的句子。说话的对象大多为第二人称you，且常被省略。句末用感叹号或句号，读时用降调。为了表示客气，常用please一词。放在句首时，其后不加逗号；放在句末时，其前通常加逗号。2. 构成祈使句分为肯定祈使句和否定祈使句。(1) 肯定祈使句的构成： Do型，即以行为动词原形开头。【例句】Stand up, please! 请起立！ Be型，即以动词be开头。【例句】Be quiet pl

8、ease! 请安静！ Let型，即以let开头。【例句】Lets play basketball. 让咱们去打篮球吧。【考题链接】1. Please _ the blackboard.A. look B. look at C. to look D. to look at答案：B思路分析：本句是一个祈使句，动词用原形。look是不及物动词，后接宾语时要先接介词at，故B项正确。2. Let Lily _ piano.A. play B. to play C. to play the D. play the答案：D思路分析：浏览题干，piano是乐器“钢琴”，故“弹钢琴”用play the pia

9、no；let sb.后接动词原形，故选D项。(2) 否定祈使句的构成： Do型和Be型的否定式，在动词前加dont或never。【例句】Dont come in. 不要进来。Never be angry. 绝不生气。 Let型的有两种否定形式：在let前加dont 或在let sb. 后加not。【例句】Dont let them cry. = Let them not cry. 不要让他们哭。Let me not go there. = Dont let me go there. 不要让我去那儿。No +v.-ing形式/名词，用于警示人们不要做某事。No swimming! 禁止游泳！No

10、 photos! 禁止拍照！【考题链接】1. _ late for school.A. Not be B. Not is C. Dont be D. Dont is答案：C思路分析：浏览题干和选项可知本题考查否定祈使句。开头用Dont，后接动词原形，故C项正确。句意为“上学不要迟到”。2. _ smoking!A. Not B. Dont C. No D. Doesnt答案：C思路分析：smoking是动词的-ing形式，故其前用No。句意为“禁止吸烟！”。3. 答语祈使句的动作通常是将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或wont。【例句】Please pass me that b

11、ook. 请把那本书递给我。OK, I will. 可以。【注意】在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意形式一致和意义相反。即：yes与will；no与wont要一致；yes意为“不”；no意为“是”。【例句】Dont go out. Its raining hard. 不要出去了。天正下着大雨。Yes, I will. Lily is waiting for me. 不，我要去。莉莉在等我呢。【考题链接】Peter, dont step on the grass. _. A. It doesnt matter B. I cant do it C. Dont worry D. Sorry, I

12、wont do it again答案：D思路分析：浏览题干可知是否定祈使句“不要践踏草地”，其答语应选D项“对不起，我不会再那样做了”。其他三项不合句意。4. 注意祈使句和陈述句的连用祈使句与陈述句连用，有两种形式：(1)祈使句+ and/ then + 陈述句，二者之间表示一种顺承关系。【例句】Study hard, and you can get good grades. 努力学习，你就会取得好成绩。(2)祈使句+ or +陈述句，二者之间表示一种否定条件关系。【例句】Hurry up, or well be late. 快点，否则我们会迟到的。【考题链接】Hurry up, _ you

13、will miss the early bus.A. or B. and C. so D. but答案：A思路分析：浏览各选项可知A项意为“或者；否则”；B项意为“和”，表示并列关系或顺承关系；C项意为“所以”，表示因果关系；D项意为“但是”，表示转折关系。根据句意“快点”和“你会耽误早班车”可知用or，意为“否则”。句型转换1. You must come here early tomorrow. (改为祈使句)_ here early tomorrow!2. Look at the picture! (改为否定句)_ _ at the picture!3. Let her help you

14、. (改为否定句)_ _her help you.4. You cant be late next time. (改为祈使句)_ _ late next time.5. You can drink and eat in the dining hall. (改为否定祈使句)_ drink _ eat in the dining hall.答案：1. Come 2. Dont look 3. Dont let 4. Dont be 5. Dont; or 三、情态动词have to, must1. have to意为“不得不”，强调客观需要，能用于多种时态。本身有第三人称单数形式has to。【例

15、句】My brother is ill. I have to look after him at home. 我弟弟生病了。我不得不在家照看他。【考点1】一般现在时态中，have to 的否定句要借助助动词dont / doesnt，再加have to。【例句】You dont have to come here so early. 你不必那么早来这儿。Lucy doesnt have to wear school uniforms. 露西不必穿校服。【考点2】一般现在时态中，have to的一般疑问句要借助于助动词do/ does放在开头，后接have to。【例句】Does he have

16、 to wear a hat? 他必须戴帽子吗？【考点3】一般现在时态中，特殊疑问句是：特殊疑问词+ do/ does+主语+have to +其他？【例句】What does he have to do? 他必须做什么？【考题链接】Its too late. We _ go home.A. can B. have to C. may D. must答案：B思路分析：根据“天太晚了”可知“我们不得不回家”，是客观上的必须，故选B项。2. must意为“必须；应当”，表示义务、命令或必要。强调主观看法，没有时态变化。否定式mustnt表示“禁止，严禁”。【例句】He must work toda

17、y. 今天他必须工作。You mustnt take the book away from the library. 你不可以把这本书带出图书馆。（如果将书带出图书馆将违反相关法律法规）。【考点4】以must开头的一般疑问句，简略肯定回答用must，简略否定回答用neednt或dont have to。neednt 相当于dont have to，意为“不必”。【例句】Must I do the dishes today? 我今天必须洗餐具吗？Yes, you must. / No, you neednt/ dont have to. 是的，必须。/ 不，你不必。【考题链接】1. May I

18、go to the cinema, Mom?Certainly. But you _ be back by 11 oclock.A. can B. may C. must D. need答案：C思路分析：根据答语“当然可以了”和转折连词but可知后句句意为“你必须11点以前回来”。故选项C正确。can意为“能；会；可以”；may意为“可以”；need意为“需要；有必要”。2. Dad, must I finish my homework today?No, you _. You may do it tomorrow.A. neednt B. mustnt C. dont D. wont答案：A

19、思路分析：以must开头的一般疑问句，其简略否定回答用neednt或dont have to。浏览各选项可知A项正确。句型转换1. He has to eat in the dining hall. (改为否定句)He _ _ to eat in the dining hall.2. We must be on time. (改为一般疑问句)_ we _ on time?3. Bill has to listen to the music outside. (改为一般疑问句)_ Bill _ to listen to the music outside?4. Must they follow

20、the rules? (作否定回答)_, they _.5. The students have to read books in the morning. (对画线部分提问)_ _ the students _ to read books?答案：1. doesnt have 2. Must; be 3. Does; have 4. No; neednt 5. When do; have下册Unit 5 Why do you like pandas?一、预习新知1. 写出下列单词的含义beautiful_; kind_; south_; sleep_; friendly_; save_; fo

21、rget_; water_; over_2. 写出下列短语的意思be from_; get lost_; be in (great) danger_; cut down_; be made of_3. 写出下列句子的含义1)Why do you like pandas? _Because theyre cute/ interesting/ friendly/ smart. _2) The elephant is one of Thailands symbols. _3) People cut down many trees so elephants are losing their homes. _4) Isnt she beautiful? _二、预习点拨思考问题一：你能迅速说出6种以上的动物吗？思考问题二：你能区分be from和come from在句式上的异同吗？思考问题三：be made of, be made from和be made in有什么差别？思考问题四：你知道否定式疑问句答语中Yes, No的含义吗？