专题 09 中国文化读写专项：中国礼节 叩头-2024年高考英语常考中国文化读写专练 素材积累 .docx

1、Chapter III Chinese traditional etiquette中国礼仪Lesson 1 Chinese traditional etiquette中国礼节There are mainly three kinds of etiquettes in China.The first category is the daily life etiquette: including meeting etiquette, introduction etiquette, conversation etiquette, banquet etiquette, reception etiquet

2、te, dance etiquette, etiquette of gift giving and etiquette of visiting a sick person.The second category is the festival customs and festival celebration etiquette：including Spring Festival etiquette, Tomb-sweeping etiquette, Dragon Boat etiquette, the Double Ninth Festival etiquette, Mid-autumn Da

3、y etiquette, wedding etiquette, funeral etiquette and birthday celebration etiquette.The third category is the business etiquette：including conference etiquette, negotiation etiquette, guest welcoming and seeing-off etiquette, and knowledge of negotiation taboos, etc.There is also etiquette of publi

4、c relations, etiquette of public affairs, etiquette at home and job search etiquette, etc. Here we just talk about the first category of the main Etiquette of China.Etiquette of Gift Giving: The most common situations for presenting a gift are at festivals, weddings, birthdays. It is also appropriat

5、e to express gratitude, for sending-off relatives and friends, and to return a favor. The most important thing in presenting a gift is to show intention.As the saying goes, a goose feather sent from thousands of miles away is a present little in size but rich in meaning. One should choose and purcha

6、se a gift according to his own economic conditions. In this way, the gift receiver will accept the gift with ease of mind if he knows the real situation he is in. Attention should be paid to this point. When presenting a gift, one should wrap it with exquisite wrapping paper. This not only shows the

7、re has been much thought entered into the gift, but also raises the curiosity of the gift receiver.Etiquette of Visiting a Sick Person: The Hospital is a special site for healing the wounded and rescuing the dying. Therefore, before going to a hospital, one should have a clear understanding of the w

8、ard the sick person is in and the bed number so that you do not make inquiry at all places and hence disturb the state of being quiet in the hospital. Before visiting a sick person, it is best to prepare a gift.Wedding Etiquette: Nothing is happier than two lovers getting married in life. Getting ma

9、rried is one of the great joyous events in life. As a friend who takes part in the wedding reception, you should choose and purchase a gift in advance. It is best that the gift has some meaning. For example, sending ninety-nine roses stands for everlasting, or sending a golden congratulation card of

10、 memorial value and a wedding cake to express your gratitude and good wishes.Birthday Congratulation Etiquette: Birthday congratulation is actually congratulating on ones birthday. When congratulating on an elders birthday, you have to pay more attention to etiquette as there will be slightly more f

11、ormality. When congratulating a friend of the same generation on his birthday, you dont have to comply with formality and present a gift. In the case of congratulations on an elders birthday, apart from being particular about clothing, you must bring a gift which contains the meaning of health and l

12、ongevity, such as an exquisitely designed cake or a memorial gold congratulation card.Funeral Etiquette：The traditional funeral has heavy and complicated ceremonies and trivial procedures. Now a memorial service is generally held to show condolences for the dead. Attention should be paid to some eti

13、quette when taking part in a memorial service. In order to honor the memory of the dead and show concern and sympathy for his family members, you should present a wreath. (590 words)Helper:etiquette etket 礼仪，礼节 category ktiri类型，类别 taboo tbu: 禁忌，忌讳 appropriate prupriit 适当的 gratitude rtitju:d 感激，感谢 in

14、tention intenn 意图，目的 purchase pts 购买 exquisite kskwzt 精致的 ward w:d 病房 inquiry inkwairi 询问 reception risepn 欢迎, 招待会 everlasting evl:sti 永恒的 formality f:mlt 礼节 comply kmplai 遵从 funeral fju:nrl 葬礼，丧礼 rite rat 仪式，惯例 trivial trivil 琐碎的 condolence kndlns 同情, 吊唁, 哀悼 wreath ri: 花环, 花圈 Chinese Brief Introduc

15、tion: 中国号称“礼仪之邦”，礼节之多之全可谓是冠绝天下，举凡宇宙之大、苍蝇之微，只要人类生活中所能碰见之事，具体到衣食住行、生死嫁娶等，无不有一套周全完备的礼节。礼的要求很多，在生活中，父子间要“上慈下孝”，兄弟间要“兄友弟恭”，夫妻间要“相敬如宾”，朋友间要“谦恭礼让”，邻居间要“守望相助”，等等。中国古代有五礼之说，祭祀之事为吉礼，冠婚之事为喜礼，宾客之事为宾礼，军旅之事为军礼，丧葬之事为凶礼。民俗界认为礼仪包括生、冠、婚、丧4种人生礼仪。实际上礼仪可分为政治与生活两大部类。政治类包括祭天、祭地、宗庙之祭，祭先师先圣、尊师乡饮酒礼、相见礼、军礼等。生活类包括五祀、高禖之祀、傩仪、诞生

16、礼、冠礼、饮食礼仪、馈赠礼仪等。Exercise:I. Questions:1. List three kinds of etiquettes in China.2. Explain the meaning of the underlined part “a goose feather sent from thousands of miles away is a present little in size but rich in meaning.”3. What should you do before going to a hospital? 4. If you attend your f

17、riends wedding, what should you do ahead of time?5. Is it the same to congratulate a friend of the same generation on his birthday and to celebrate an elders birthday? If not, what should be paid attention to?6. What is often offered when taking part in a memorial service?II. Written work1. 你的一个美国朋友

18、要来中国。作为他的好朋友，你给他写封e-mail，讲述一些中国的礼仪，让他不至于太紧张。（至少要有5条） 提示：可以从见面问好、餐桌礼仪等方面讲述。2. （2009.四川卷）假设你是李华。你的外国笔友Jane打算于七月来中国，特来信了解中国人的社交习俗。请你用英语回一封信，从以下几个方面作具体介绍。1.见面时的问候方式；对表扬回答方式；2. 接收礼物时的回应方式；3. 餐宴礼节。注意：1. 词数100左右，信的开头和结束语已为你写好（不计入总词数）。2. 可根据内容要点适当增加细节，使行文连贯。Dear Jane,Glad to hear from you and youre welcome

19、to China in July. _I hope whats mentioned above might be helpful and wish you a good journey.Lesson 2 The Custom of Kowtow叩头In historical operas and films, one can often see Chinese people performing kowtow - a traditional custom for worship on bended knees. It is said that the history of kowtow can

20、 be traced back as early as the legendary Emperor Xuan Yuan. How this custom originated and how it survived throughout history has a lot to do with the living standards and customs of ancient Chinese people. There was no formal chair or bench before the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD) in China. People usu

21、ally sat on mats made of reeds or bamboo strips at dinnertime, during discussions or reading. Guests were usually invited to sit on an extra mat to show respect. Even top leaders would sit on a mat, which was usually of a higher quality. For instance, in the Zhou Dynasty (1100-221 BC) on the occasio

22、n of meeting the monarch, the matting of the emperor was five-colored, with screens set beside it.Therefore, the meaning of the words to sit in ancient times was completely different from what we understand today. Sitting is generally known as kowtow today: Both knees bent down on the mat, with the

23、buttocks resting on the heels. When meeting a guest, the host usually had to stretch the upper part of the body to show respect. Gradually, the custom of kowtow became a part of daily life.To show enough respect, one had to perform Kowtow in ancient times, especially to seniors and higher officials.

24、 During the Zhou Dynasty, there was a set of strict rules about kowtow, which played a very important role in maintaining authority and reverence towards emperors and, in turn, strengthening the feudal system. Emperors, therefore, were all willing to follow the tradition.In the Han Dynasty, chairs a

25、nd benches gradually appeared, which changed the original sitting gesture greatly. But the tradition of kowtow survived, and became a symbol of different classes. The custom was widely adopted in officialdom. For instance, the custom of kowtow was applied when officials met the emperor; when officia

26、ls of lower rank met those from a higher rank; when minors met masters, etc. The custom not only prevailed on official occasions but also among the common people. During sacrifices and birthday celebrations for the elders, kowtow was also passed on from generation to generation. Later, the custom of

27、 zuoyi (a bow with hands folded in front) and jugong (a bow) were also added. With the abolishment of the feudal system in 1911, kowtow also ended gradually. (411 words) Helper:monarch mnk帝王 screen屏风，银屏 buttockbtk臀部，屁股 authority :rti权威，权力 reverence revrns尊严 feudal fjudl 封建的 officialdom fldm官场 prevai

28、lprvel盛行 abolishment blmnt废除Chinese Brief Introduction: 叩头是东亚一种传统仪式和礼节，又称为磕头。行此礼的人以双膝跪地，以头触地，用以表示高度的忠诚和尊敬。这种仪式本来用于人类对神佛，子女对父母，或犯上严重错误时道歉，后来则演变为包括下属对于长官，尤其是臣子对君主的礼仪。磕头的礼仪形式，按照对象和场合的不同而有不同的规矩。单纯磕头（单叩首），是儿童对长辈的常礼。一拜一叩，是成年人拜见长辈的常礼。一拜三叩，这是隆重的礼节，大多是以下场合，初次见面的长辈，见祖宗级的长辈，拜见德望高或身份地位高者，拜师，拜年，拜寿，拜谢等场合。除上述家常礼仪外

29、，还有些与某种仪式相关的规矩，如祠堂中祭祀，不同庙宇中的敬神，祭天祈雨，官场中的多种繁缛礼节等。“三拜三叩”用于敬神、祈福、许愿时；“三拜九叩”是拜见皇帝的礼仪。Exercise:Questions:1. Please describe how to kowow?2. On which occasions should be kowow performed?3. Why were emperors willing to follow the tradition of performing kowow?4. When was it that kowtow began to disappear g

30、radually?Suggested Answers 1. Chinese traditional etiquetteI. Questions:2. 千里送鹅毛礼轻人意重II. Written work1. Dear Jim,Im glad to hear that youll visit China. I know it isnt easy to remember everything that you have to know in China. But I think the following rules are important for you to know about them

31、. First, you aresupposed to shake hands when you meet people for the first time. Then, at the dinner table, you are supposed to use chopsticks to eat almost everything instead of knife and fork. And its rude to stick your chopsticks into your food. Also you should pick up you bowl of rice while eati

32、ng rice. They are quite different from the manners in the US. But dont worry! Youll get used to them quickly. And youll have a good time here.2.Dear Jane,Glad to hear from you and youre welcome to China in July. The following are some Chinese customs.Firstly, we greet each other by saying “Hello” or

33、 asking such questions as “Where are you going?” or “Are you busy?” to express our care. Secondly, when praised, we reply with “Oh, no!” or “Im over-praised” to show good manners. Next, when receiving a gift, we usually say “Its unnecessary” besides “Thanks” to show politeness and then put it away.

34、Finally, at dinner parties, we talk loudly and touch glasses when drinking to someones health or success to show that were warm.Anyhow, different cultures, different customs. If you “Do as the Romans do when in Rome”, youll enjoy more of your stay here.I hope whats mentioned above might be helpful and wish you a good journey.Yours sincerely,Li Hua