专题 14 宾语从句和定语从句（原卷版）.docx

1、Simon, you look smart in the T-shirt. Could you tell me _ it? OK. I bought it in a store online. A. where you bought B. where do you buy C. when you buy D. when did you buy【参考答案】【试题解析】句意：西蒙，你穿这件T恤看起来很帅。你能告诉我你在哪里买的吗？好的。我是在网上的一家商店买的。宾语从句中，从句通常用陈述语序，排除B、D。从I bought it in a store online. 判断句子询问在哪里买的，用wh

2、ere 引导。故选A。此题考查宾语从句，学生想做对宾语从句的题，必须掌握住三个原则：一、宾语从句应用陈述语序；二、宾语从句的时态应和主句保持一致；三、选择正确的宾语从句引导词。此题中A项和C项都是陈述语序，根据句意可知此处问的是他在哪里买的衣服，故选where作引导词。宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She

3、 doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I do

4、nt know why the train is late.3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是是否。I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.【辨析】宾语从句的引导词引导词引导词的作用例句that无意义，只起连接作用，常可省略He said （that） Kate was good at swimming.他说凯特擅长游泳。what，which，who，whose，whom等连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等I dont

5、know what they are going to do. 我不知道他们打算干什么。when，where，why，how等连接副词在从句中作状语Could you tell me where you are from?你能告诉我你来自哪吗？if，whether意为是否，不作句子成分，但不能省略He asked me if she was a teacher.他问我她是否是一位老师。【典例】We dont know _.It is said that he was born in Sweden.A. what he is B. if he lives hereC. where he come

6、s from D. which country is he from【答案】C【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的语序不对，只有C正确。宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。1. 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy.I hear (that) physics isnt easy. I think (that) you w

7、ill like this school soon.Please tell me when well have the meeting.2. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。Does he work hard? I wonder. I wonder if/whether he works hard.When did he leave? I dont know. I dont know when he left.Do you know what Kates e-mail address is? Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?【典例

8、】Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2002.A. where does she live B. Where she livesC. where did she live D. where she lived【答案】D【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，故选D。宾语从句主句与从句时态一致的问题。1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。I remember he gave me a book yesterday. He has told me that hell

9、 leave for New York tomorrrow. I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?【典例】1. Would you please tell me _? A. when did he come homeB. where he would play footballC. if he had seen the filmD. why he didnt watch the game【答案】D【解析】

10、该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。2. I dont know when _.A. will the train leave B. the train will leaveC. would the train leave D. the train leave【答案】B【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B项在语序和时态上符合要求。2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。He told me that

11、he would take part in the high jump. He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would go back to the US soon.3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.

12、Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.He told me that the earth is round. 【特别提醒】否定转移 在主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe，suppose等词时，要将从句的否定转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I dont think he will come with you. 我认为他不会和你一起来。宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。陈述句子用that；一般疑问是否(if，whet

13、her)替;特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。 Mr. Brown is a teacher _ is strict with all is students.A. whichB. whoC. where【参考答案】B【试题解析】句意布朗是一个对所有的学生都严格的老师。本题考查定语从句。A.指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；B.指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；C.表示地方，在从句中作地点状语。本句话中先行词为a teacher，指人，在从句中作主语，故选B。做定语从句的题时，可先

14、将先行词还原到句中。其次选择关系词，要先看先行词指人、指物还是既指人又指物。二要看从句中做何种成分，从而做出正确的判断。一、关系代词关系代词有六个，听我逐一来说破；which表物人用who，人物都有that顾；which用在逗号后，意表前句你要know；who作主语很称职，whom用到宾语里。二、that用法that用法真有趣，两个地方它不去；逗号后边它不去，介词之后不考虑。that和which的区别that which代表物，区别听我来叙述；先行若是不定代，that就把which踹；先行词前有两数，就用that定无误；先行词前最高级，还用that必无疑；句中若有there be，that应把

15、which替；先行主中作表语，避免重复从句里；just， the only，very，same，last其后也要用that。三、四、指人的关系代词指人可用that, who，以下情况多用who；those people作先行，there be的结构中；先行指人不定代，从中作主who要在；两个定从一起来，不要重复你有才。五、whose的用法定从之中少定语，whose为你唱一曲；whose指人又指物，所属关系要记住。 as和which的区别as/which在句末，若有否定as错；句首只能用as，还有认知猜想词；固定结构用as, the same/such/so/as；so/such.that宾不离

16、，so/such.as.宾要弃。六、 关系代词用法总结关系代词到这里，主宾表定作用起；关系代词作宾语，省与不省全靠你。七、特殊情况只记上边不可以，特殊情况告诉你；先行用way作状语，in which/ that /略可以；one of +复作先行，从中谓语复数明；one前若有only/very，从中谓语定用单；定从名从可转换，all that被what换。八、在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，who

17、se；关系副词有when，where，why等。【图示】定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。关系代词的基本用法作主语作宾语作定语

18、指人who/thatwho/whom/that/省略whose指物which/thatwhich/that/省略The man who/that spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 会上发言的人来自香港。The building which/that is being built will be used as a hospital. 在建中的这幢建筑将用作医院。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. 我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。【典例】I dont know th

19、e teacher _ is talking with Miss Wang. A. whatB. whomC. whichD. who【答案】D【解析】所填写词引导定语从句，修饰先行词teacher，并在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who。【注意】1. 当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一。He is the one of the boys who likes playing basketball. 他就是那个喜欢打篮球的男孩子。2. 通常

20、在以下六种情况下只能用that而不能用which：（1）先行词为all，much，something，everything，nothing，little，none，the one等代词时。That is all that I want to say. 那就是我想要说的。【典例】Is that all? Yes. Thats all _ I want to take. A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whose【答案】B【解析】句意：就这些？是的，这就是我要买的所有东西。which，that的先行词都是物，但当先行词是all等不定代词时，关系代词一般只用that；who的先行词只

21、能是人；whose一般在从句中作定语。故选B。（2）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which。He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。This is the most wonderful film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最精彩的电影。Look at the apples. You can see the two that you gave me. 看这些苹果。你能看到你给我的那两个。（3）以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，

22、为避免重复，只能用that。Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？（4）先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。（5）先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.。We were deeply im

23、pressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。（6）先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。Its a book that will help you a lot. 这是一本对你很有帮助的书。（7）主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which。Ther

24、e is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。3. 关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：（1）先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that。Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？（2）关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。（3）引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。Tom came back, which made us h

25、appy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。关系副词的基本用法1. when在句中作状语，表示时间。He remembers the day when he joined the League. 他记得他入团那天。This was the time when he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。2. where在句中作状语，表示地点。This is the place where Lu Xun was born. 这就是鲁迅出生的地方。This is the place where he works. 这是他工作的地点。3. why在句中作状语，表示原因。This is the reason

26、 why he is late today. 这就是他今天迟到的原因。Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。【典例】I love places _ the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. in where D. where【答案】D【解析】句意：我喜欢民风淳朴的地方。根据先行词是places，从句中缺少地点状语，可知引导词是in which或者是where，故选D。1.Do you know_?Yes, well take a

27、bus there.A. when we will go the museum tomorrowB. when will we go to the museum tomorrowC. how we will go the museum tomorrowD. how will we go to the museum tomorrow2. Excuse me, could you tell me _?A. where is the railway stationB. how can I get to the railway stationC. where the railway station i

28、sD. how do I get to the railway station3. Jerry asked Mike _.A. where did he come fromB. where does he come fromC. where he came from4.I wonder _ in Guangzhou in two hours.Of course. The high speed train is very fast.A. When I can arriveB. When can I arriveC. whether I can arriveD. whether can I arr

29、ive5. Which of the following sentences is correct?A. I wonder whats the matter with her.B. My mother asked me what I do with my pocket money.C. Could you please tell me where is the nearest hospital?6. The teacher asked Li Hua _.A. why is he late for classB. why he is late for classC. why was he lat

30、e for classD. why he was late for class7. Johnny made up his mind to give up smoking. He is thinking about _.A. how he can make itB. how can he make itC. how will he make it8. My cousin hasnt decided _ this weekend.A. how will he go to ShanghaiB. how he will go to ShanghaiC. how has he gone to Shang

31、haiD. how he has gone to Shanghai9.Could you please tell me _?With pleasure. Wait a moment, please.A. if the scarf looked nice on meB. whats the new product likeC. that Guilin is worth visitingD. how I can order a robot online10. Could you tell me _ this morning?A. what time you had breakfastB. wher

32、e have you beenC. how did you get thereD. why will you leave earlier11. Youve no idea _ to build a new airport. Let me tell you, young man. Thats billions of dollars!A. how much it will cost.B. how long it will take usC. how much will it costD. how long will it take us12.Do you believe that humans c

33、ould live on Mars?I dont think _.A. if it comes trueB. that it will come trueC. why it will come trueD. how does it come true13. In order to take a pleasant trip to Kunming, Dave emailed me to ask _ .A. what was Kunming most famous for B. what Kunming was most famous forC. whether is summer a good t

34、ime to comeD. whether summer is a good time to come14. Could you tell me _?A. when will they leave BeijingB. when would they leave BeijingC. when they will leave BeijingD. when they would leave Beijing15.Linda, could you remember _?Have you forgotten we agreed to go to Hongkong?A. where are we going

35、 after examB. where we are going after the examC. where are we going to after the examD. where we are going to after the exam16.I don t know _ we will go. Why not？ We will go to the beach for a picnic. A. WhereB. WhenC. how17. She was so angry at _ he was doing _ she walked out without a word. A. wh

36、at; that B. that; what C. what; what D. that; that 18.Can you tell me _ on Fathers Day?Guess what? Well I wrote a poem for my dad. A. when did you shopB. where you goC. what you did19.Sandy, do you know _?Yes, some news about black holes. A. what Tom is searching forB. what is Tom searching forC. wh

37、o Tom is searching for20. The book _ I read last night was fantastic.A. thatB. whatC. whoseD. who21.Have you seen the film The Wandering Earth(流浪地球) ?Yes. Its the best one _ I have ever seen.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. it22. Wang Yangming is a great educationalist _ developed most of his thoughts in Xi

38、uwen. A. whichB. whatC. who23.Frank, look! Who are the children under the tree _ waiting in a line?They are the students from No. 1 Primary School. A. that areB. where areC. which isD. who is1.Excuse me, I wonder _. Near Quancheng Square.A. where is Baotu SpringB. when to see Baotu SpringC. how can

39、I get to Baotu SpringD. where Baotu Spring is2.Did the radio say ?A. how the bad rice cameB. where the bad rice came fromC. how did the bad rice comeD. where did the bad rice come from3. -Could you please tell me _?-Yes, she came to teach here just last week.A. that she is a new teacherB. when did s

40、he come hereC. whether she is a new teacherD. whats wrong with her4.Do you have books about famous scientists _ are suitable for children to read?A. whatB. whichC. whoD. whom5.I dont care _. In this camp, theres only one hairstyle-short! Understand?Yes, madam!A. what you are used to likingB. what yo

41、u used to be likeC. what are you used to likingD. what did you use to be like6.)The teacher said light _faster than sound.A. travelB. to travelC. travelsD. travelling7. Do you know where now？A. he livesB. does he liveC. he livedD. did he live8. The boy wants to do a project on recycling. He wonders

42、_.A. that she will do something to make a differenceB. if the project can encourage everyone to recycleC. how can she help others to recycle useful materialsD. where can people put the rubbish9.Do you know _?In 2022.A. when will the next World Cup beginB. when did the next World Cup beginC. when the

43、 next World Cup will beginD. when the next World Cup began10.)I think that “中国锦鲤” must be one of the hottest words on the Internet these days, but I dont know .A. what does it meanB. whom it first used byC. how it became popularD. why do people like using it11.I prefer movies and actors can make me

44、laugh.So do I. I think you will fall in love with the movie Crazy Alien.A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that12 -I wonder _. -I have no idea.A. why was he lateB. that we will have the meetingC. what happened to herD. where was she born13.Do you know _?Yes, she is very kind and outgoing.A. whats his mother likeB. what his mother likesC. what his mother is likeD. how his mother is like